.kp

Last updated

.kp
Emblem of North Korea.svg
IntroducedSeptember 24, 2007;16 years ago (2007-09-24)
TLD type Country code top-level domain
StatusActive
Registry Star Joint Venture
Sponsor Korea Computer Center (until 2011)
Star Joint Venture (since 2011)
Intended useEntities connected with North Korea
Actual useUsed mainly by the North Korean government and businesses in North Korea.
Registered domains28 (19 September 2016) [1]
Registration restrictionsMust be a company, organization, or government entity based in the DPRK
StructureNames can be registered directly at the second level, or at the third level within generic second-level domains
Registry websiteRegistry website address published on IANA Delegation Record is no longer accessible
(Archive page)

.kp is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for North Korea (DPRK). It was created on 24 September 2007. [2]

Contents

History

The DPRK applied for the .kp Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) in 2004. ICANN, however, refused because the DPRK did not meet some of the requirements.[ specify ] Another attempt was later made via the Korea Computer Center (KCC) Europe in 2006. The main body of KCC and the DPRK Ambassador to the United Nations petitioned ICANN again. They were refused again for providing insufficient information. A new application was sent in January 2007, and an ICANN delegation visited the country in May. This time, ICANN finally agreed to assign .kp to the DPRK. [3]

One of the first organizations to adopt a .kp domain was the Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) in 2009. [4]

Previously, the .kp domain was managed by the Korea Computer Center (KCC) Europe. A large number of .kp websites were also hosted by KCC Europe in Germany. However, in 2011, management was transferred to the Pyongyang-based Star Joint Venture. [5]

Second-level domains

Neither the DPRK government agencies nor the central registry have published the second-level domain registration rules. However, according to the using practices shown by the currently existing and accessible DPRK domains and websites, while regarding the worldwide country code second-level domain distribution rules, the second-level domain rules in the DPRK can be interpreted as below.

The following are externally accessible domain name examples of the use of second-level domain names:

Existing and externally accessible domain list

As of 2017, at least nine second-level domains are active under the .kp top-level domain [6] and around 30 domains in total are accessible to the global Internet. These are as follows: [7] [ needs update? ]

Bold indicates a dedicated article on the website itself.

Some .kp addresses are used by the North Korean Internet only, [15] [16] and some of them are only accessible in the Kwangmyong network, alongside regularly-used 24-bit block IPv4 private addresses.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ICANN</span> American nonprofit organization

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers is a global multistakeholder group and nonprofit organization headquartered in the United States responsible for coordinating the maintenance and procedures of several databases related to the namespaces and numerical spaces of the Internet, ensuring the Internet's stable and secure operation. ICANN performs the actual technical maintenance work of the Central Internet Address pools and DNS root zone registries pursuant to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) function contract. The contract regarding the IANA stewardship functions between ICANN and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) of the United States Department of Commerce ended on October 1, 2016, formally transitioning the functions to the global multistakeholder community.

Telecommunications in North Korea refers to the communication services available in North Korea. North Korea has not fully adopted mainstream Internet technology due to some restrictions on foreign interventions.

The domain com is a top-level domain (TLD) in the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet. Created in the first group of Internet domains at the beginning of 1985, its name is derived from the word commercial, indicating its original intended purpose for subdomains registered by commercial organizations. Later, the domain opened for general purposes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.org</span> Generic top-level domain

The domain name .org is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) of the Domain Name System (DNS) used on the Internet. The name is truncated from 'organization'. It was one of the original domains established in 1985, and has been operated by the Public Interest Registry since 2003. The domain was originally "intended as the miscellaneous TLD for organizations that didn't fit anywhere else." It is commonly used by non-profit organizations, open-source projects, and communities, but is an open domain that can be used by anyone. The number of registered domains in .org has increased from fewer than one million in the 1990s, to ten million in 2012, and held steady between ten and eleven million since then.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Verisign</span> American Internet company

Verisign, Inc. is an American company based in Reston, Virginia, that operates a diverse array of network infrastructure, including two of the Internet's thirteen root nameservers, the authoritative registry for the .com, .net, and .name generic top-level domains and the .cc country-code top-level domains, and the back-end systems for the .jobs and .edu sponsored top-level domains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Korean Central News Agency</span> North Korean state news agency

The Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) is the state news agency of North Korea. The agency portrays the views of the North Korean government for both domestic and foreign consumption. It was established on December 5, 1946, and now features online coverage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.bz</span> Internet country code top-level domain for Belize

.bz is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Belize. It is administered by the University of Belize.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.sg</span> Internet country-code top level domain for Singapore

.sg is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Singapore. It was first registered in September 1988. It is administered by the Singapore Network Information Centre. Registrations are processed via accredited registrars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.ky</span> Internet country code top-level domain for the Cayman Islands

.ky is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Cayman Islands. The code was chosen as other possible options had already been allocated. Registration was limited to residents and registered companies in the Cayman Islands with a local address, but this restriction was removed in September 2015. The Cayman Islands also has the international three-letter code CYM and has won a bid to be awarded the .cym domain in a future expansion of the top-level domain space.

Naenara is the official web portal of the North Korean government. It was the first website in North Korea, and was created in 1996. The portal's categories include politics, tourism, music, foreign trade, arts, press, information technology, history, and "Korea is One".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Korea Computer Center</span> North Korean government information technology research center

The Korea Computer Center (KCC) is the North Korean government information technology research center. It was founded on 24 October 1990. KCC, which administered the .kp country code top-level domain until 2011, employs more than 1,000 people.

The DPR Korea Premier Football League is the men's top professional football division of the North Korean football league system. The DPR Korea Premier Football League was established in 2017, replacing previous football tournaments held in a knockout format which served as a highest-level football competition in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet in North Korea</span>

Internet access is available in North Korea, but is only permitted with special authorization. It is primarily used for government purposes, and by foreigners. The country has some broadband infrastructure, including fiber optic links between major institutions. Online services for most individuals and institutions are provided through a free domestic-only network known as Kwangmyong, with access to the global Internet limited to a much smaller group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kwangmyong (network)</span> North Korean "walled garden" national internet

Kwangmyong is a North Korean "walled garden" national intranet service opened in the early 2000s. The Kwangmyong intranet system stands in contrast to the global Internet in North Korea, which is available to fewer people in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red Star OS</span> North Korean Linux-based operating system

Red Star OS is a North Korean Linux distribution, with development first starting in 1998 at the Korea Computer Center (KCC). Prior to its release, computers in North Korea typically used Red Hat Linux, and later switched to modified versions of Microsoft Windows with North Korean language packs installed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Koryolink</span> North Korean telecommunications company

Koryolink is a North Korean wireless telecommunications provider. The company is a cellular operator held by Cheo Technology, a joint venture between Orascom Telecom Media and Technology Holding (OTMT) which holds 75% of the shares, and the state-owned Korea Post and Telecommunications Corporation (KPTC). Koryolink started in 2008 and was the first 3G mobile operator in North Korea.

The award system of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was initially created less than one month after the foundation of the Republic. During the years of Japanese occupation of Korea, many of the future leaders fled to the Soviet Union. During World War II many if not close to all party leaders and Korean People's Army commanders served in the Soviet Army and as such adopted many of the Soviet awards criteria for their own. During the late 1940s and until the Sino-Soviet Split in late 1958, orders and titles were made in the Soviet Money Mints in Moscow or Leningrad. Soviet made awards were modeled after Soviet orders and made of sterling silver. Initially the orders were attached to clothing with a screw-plate, but after Soviet production stopped, production was moved to North Korea. The screwback was replaced with a pin and the silver content was replaced with cheap tin. With the exception of a few examples of modern orders, Soviet and Czech KPA awards are the most sought after in current militaria markets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Korean Central Television</span> North Korean state television service

Korean Central Television is a North Korean television service operated by the Korean Central Broadcasting Committee, a state-owned broadcaster in North Korea. It is broadcast terrestrially via the Pyongyang TV Tower in Moranbong-guyok, Pyongyang, streamed via the government-run internet television service Manbang, and also uplinked via satellite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hero of Labor (North Korea)</span> Highest title of honour in North Korea

Labor Hero is one of the highest titles of honor of North Korea and the highest decoration of the country overall. The award was probably scheduled for establishment in the summer of 1950, but the Korean War postponed these plans. When the war had entered a phase of stalemate along the 38th parallel, the government had time to officially launch the decoration, originally under the name Korea Hero of Labor. 16 people were decorated Labor Heroes during the war and more since then. The decoration is based on its Soviet equivalent, Hero of Socialist Labour.

References

  1. Coldewey, Devin (20 September 2016). "North Korea accidentally lets slip all its .KP domains — and there aren't many". TechCrunch. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
  2. "Preliminary Report for Special Meeting of the ICANN Board of Directors". 11 September 2007.
  3. Seliger, Bernhard; Schmidt, Stefan (2010). The Hermit Kingdom Goes Online: Information Technology, Internet Use and Communication Policy in North Korea. Jefferson: McFarland. p. 9. ISBN   978-1-4766-1770-1.
  4. Hoare, James E. (2012). "Korean Central News Agency (KCNA)". Historical Dictionary of Democratic People's Republic of Korea. London: Scarecrow Press. p. 231. ISBN   978-0-8108-7987-4.
  5. ".kp domain assigned to Star JV". North Korea Tech. 3 May 2011.
  6. "North Korea's DNS files reveal few Internet websites". North Korea Tech. September 2016.
  7. Bryant, Matthew (21 September 2016). "NorthKoreaDNSLeak". GitHub. TL;DR Project. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
  8. Williams, Martyn (13 September 2017). "North Korean cultural websites". North Korea Tech . Retrieved 21 September 2017.
  9. Williams, Martyn (30 December 2020). "North Korean stamps website appears". North Korea Tech .
  10. Williams, Martyn (9 August 2018). "Kim Chaek University of Technology launches Internet web site". North Korea Tech . Retrieved 11 September 2018.
  11. Williams, Martyn (27 September 2018). "Manmusang website appears on the Internet". North Korea Tech . Retrieved 27 September 2018.
  12. Williams, Martyn (13 September 2017). "North Korean government and NGO websites". North Korea Tech . Retrieved 21 September 2017.
  13. Williams, Martyn (14 September 2017). "The Pyongyang Times has a new address". North Korea Tech . Retrieved 16 September 2017.
  14. Williams, Martyn (19 July 2017). "North Korea's tourism agency is online". North Korea Tech . Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  15. Kyungmin Ko; Seungkwon Jang; Heejin Lee (2008). ".kp North Korea". Digital Review of Asia Pacific 2007/2008. IDRC. p. 246. ISBN   978-0-7619-3674-9.
  16. Chen, Cheng; Ko, Kyungmin; Lee, Ji-Yong (18 November 2010). "North Korea's Internet strategy and its political implications". The Pacific Review. 23 (5): 649–670. doi:10.1080/09512748.2010.522249. ISSN   0951-2748. S2CID   155030925.