1045

1045 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1045 MXLV
Ab urbe condita	1798
Armenian calendar	494 ԹՎ ՆՂԴ
Assyrian calendar	5795
Balinese saka calendar	966–967
Bengali calendar	451–452
Berber calendar	1995
English Regnal year	N/A
Buddhist calendar	1589
Burmese calendar	407
Byzantine calendar	6553–6554
Chinese calendar	甲申年 (Wood  Monkey) 3742 or 3535     — to — 乙酉年 (Wood  Rooster) 3743 or 3536
Coptic calendar	761–762
Discordian calendar	2211
Ethiopian calendar	1037–1038
Hebrew calendar	4805–4806
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1101–1102
- Shaka Samvat	966–967
- Kali Yuga	4145–4146
Holocene calendar	11045
Igbo calendar	45–46
Iranian calendar	423–424
Islamic calendar	436–437
Japanese calendar	Kantoku 2 (寛徳２年)
Javanese calendar	948–949
Julian calendar	1045 MXLV
Korean calendar	3378
Minguo calendar	867 before ROC 民前867年
Nanakshahi calendar	−423
Seleucid era	1356/1357 AG
Thai solar calendar	1587–1588
Tibetan calendar	ཤིང་ཕོ་སྤྲེ་ལོ་ (male Wood-Monkey) 1171 or 790 or 18     — to — ཤིང་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་ (female Wood-Bird) 1172 or 791 or 19

Year 1045 ( MXLV ) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

Events

• January 20 – Pope Sylvester III becomes the 146th pope, succeeding Benedict IX, who abdicated during the previous year. ^[1]
• January 23 – Edward the Confessor, King of England, marries Edith of Wessex (daughter of Earl Godwin) and she is crowned queen consort at Winchester. ^[2] This year also in England, Edward begins construction of Westminster Abbey. ^[3]
• February – Pope Sylvester III is deposed (election deemed invalid); Pope Benedict IX is elected once more, becoming the 147th pope. ^[1]
• February 5 – Emperor Go-Reizei ascends the throne of Japan. ^[4]
• May 5 – Pope Gregory VI becomes the 148th pope, following the resignation of Pope Benedict IX in exchange for money. There are growing allegations that simony is taking place during Gregory VI's reign. ^[5]
• Movable type printing is invented by Bi Sheng in China. ^[6]
• The Qingli Reforms, put forth by the Chinese statesman Fan Zhongyan in 1043, ^[7] are halted by their conservative ministerial peers, but will later influence reform efforts under Wang Anshi. ^[8]
• The Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia is surrendered to the Eastern Roman Empire, ending the Kingdom.
• Harald Hardrada returns to Scandinavia through Sigtuna in Sweden, after escaping from the Byzantine Empire with a fortune. ^[9]

Births

• Huang Tingjian, famous Chinese calligrapher, painter and poet (d. 1105) ^[10]
• Approximate date
  • Margaret, queen consort of Scotland (d. 1093) ^[11]
  • Robert of Arbrissel (d. 1116), Bretonic preacher and founder of Fontevraud Abbey ^[12]
  • Stephen, Count of Blois (d. 1102) ^[13]

Deaths

• February 7 – Emperor Go-Suzaku of Japan (b. 1009) ^[14]
• May 27 – Bruno of Würzburg, imperial chancellor of Italy (b. c. 1005) ^[15]
• June 27 – Hemma of Gurk, Austrian religious founder and countess (b. 980) ^[16]
• Radbot, Count of Habsburg (b. 985) ^[17]
• Approximate date – Maria Skleraina, Byzantine Imperial political adviser

References

1. "Sylvester III – pope or antipope". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
2. "Edward the Confessor". BBC – History. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
3. "Westminster Abbey". westendatwar.org.uk. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
4. Adolphson, Mikael S. (2000). The Gates of Power: Monks, Courtiers, and Warriors in Premodern Japan. University of Hawaii Press. p. 77. ISBN   9780824823344.
5. "Gregory VI – pope". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
6. "No. 894: Inventing Printing". uh.edu. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
7. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Smith, Paul Jakov (2016). State Power in China, 900-1325. University of Washington Press. p. 192. ISBN   9780295998480.
8. Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Smith, Paul Jakov (2016). State Power in China, 900-1325. University of Washington Press. p. 172. ISBN   9780295998480.
9. Tjønn, Halvor (2010). Harald Hardråde. Sagakongene (in Norwegian). Saga Bok/Spartacus. ISBN 978-82-430-0558-7, pp. 83.
10. Fu, Shen (2003). "Huang Tingjian". Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t039229. ISBN   9781884446054 . Retrieved May 30, 2018.
11. "5 forgotten queens and princesses of Scotland". scotsman.com. April 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
12. Müller, Annalena (2021). From the Cloister to the State: Fontevraud and the Making of Bourbon France, 1642-1100. Routledge. p. 39. ISBN   9781000436297 . Retrieved March 6, 2023.
13. Westfahl, Gary (2015). A Day in a Working Life: 300 Trades and Professions through History [3 volumes]: 300 Trades and Professions through History. ABC-CLIO. p. 597. ISBN   9781610694032.
14. "Gosuzaku, Emperor of Japan, 1009-1045". id.loc.gov. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
15. "Bruno Saint, Bishop of Würzburg approximately 1005-1045". Worldcat. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
16. "Hemma of Gurk, Saint approximately 980-approximately 1045". Worldcat. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
17. Leeson, R. (2014). Hayek: A Collaborative Biography: Part II, Austria, America and the Rise of Hitler, 1899-1933. Springer. p. 1. ISBN   9781137325099.