1362 Griqua

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1362 Griqua
Discovery [1]
Discovered by C. Jackson
Discovery site Johannesburg Obs.
Discovery date31 July 1935
Designations
(1362) Griqua
Named after
 Griqua people [2]
(South African tribe)
1935 QG1 ·1931 BN
main-belt  ·(outer) [3] [4]
Griqua [5]  · background [6]
ACO [7]
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 87.03 yr (31,788 d)
Aphelion 4.4123 AU
Perihelion 2.0213 AU
3.2168 AU
Eccentricity 0.3716
5.77 yr (2,107 d)
16.650°
0° 10m 14.88s / day
Inclination 24.223°
121.34°
261.82°
TJupiter 2.9490
Physical characteristics
25.60±3.72  km [8]
26.936±0.363 km [9] [10]
28.36±0.40 km [11]
29.90±1.5 km [12]
29.9±3.0 km [13]
30±3 km [14]
31.0 km(radiometric) [6]
6.891±0.0297  h [15]
6.9±0.1 h [16]
6.907±0.003 h [17]
7 h(poor) [18]
0.055(radiometric) [6]
0.0667±0.007 [12]
0.07±0.01 [14] [13]
0.075±0.002 [11]
0.082±0.013 [9] [10]
0.091±0.042 [8]
Tholen = C P [3] [4]
B (S3OS2) [7] [19]
U–B = 0.360 [3]
B–V = 0.720 [3]
11.18 [3] [4] [8] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]
11.18±0.10 [20]
11.561±0.003(S) [15]

    1362 Griqua, provisional designation 1935 QG1 is a dark, Jupiter-resonant background asteroid on an eccentric, cometary-like orbit and the namesake of the Griqua group, located in the Hecuba gap in the outermost region of the asteroid belt. [5] The carbonaceous asteroid measures approximately 28 kilometers (17 miles) in diameter and has a rotation period of 6.9 hours. [4] It was discovered on 31 July 1935, by South-African astronomer Cyril Jackson at Union Observatory in Johannesburg. [1] The asteroid was named after the Griqua people in South Africa and Namibia. [2]

    Contents

    Orbit and classification

    Griqua is an asteroid in a cometary orbit (ACO), with no observable coma but with a Tisserand's parameter of 2.95, [3] below the threshold of 3.0 defined for main-belt asteroids. ACO's may be extinct comets. [7] It is the namesake and largest member of the small dynamical Griqua group (known as the "Griquas"), a marginally unstable group of asteroids observed in the Hecuba gap, a resonant zone with the gas giant Jupiter (2/1J). [5] Griqua itself is background asteroids and does not belong to any known asteroid family. [6]

    This asteroid orbits the Sun in the outermost asteroid belt at a distance of 2.0–4.4  AU once every 5 years and 9 months (2,107 days; semi-major axis of 3.22 AU). Its orbit has a high eccentricity of 0.37 and an inclination of 24° with respect to the ecliptic. [3]

    The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as 1931 BN at Lowell Observatory in January 1931, more than 4 years prior to its official discovery observation at Johannesburg. [1]

    Groups in the Hecuba gap

    The marginally unstable Griqua group includes 3688 Navajo, 4177 Kohman and 11665 Dirichlet, while the stable 2:1 resonant group are the "Zhongguos", named after 3789 Zhongguo. The transition between these two groups, however, is not clear. The unnamed, third group in the Hecuba gap are strongly unstable. Their largest members are the asteroids 1921 Pala, 1922 Zulu and 5201 Ferraz-Mello, as well as 5370 Taranis, 8373 Stephengould, and 9767 Midsomer Norton. [5] : 422, 423 

    Physical characteristics

    In the Tholen classification, Griqua's spectral type is ambiguous, closest to a common C-type asteroid and somewhat similar to an primitive P-type asteroid (CP). [3] [4] The asteroid has also been characterized as a "brighter" B-type asteroid in both the Tholen- and SMASS-like taxonomy of the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2). [7] [19]

    Rotation period

    In November 2000, a rotational lightcurve of Griqua was obtained from photometric observations by Colin Bembrick at the Mount Tarana Observatory in Australia. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 6.907 hours with a brightness variation of 0.25 magnitude ( U=3 ). [17] In 2009, follow-up observations by Jean and Milan Strajnic ( 511 ), Alain Klotz and Raoul Behrend as well as observations in the S-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California gave a concurring period of 6.891 and 6.9 hours with an amplitude of 0.23 and 0.24 magnitude, respectively ( U=2/2 ). [15] [16] The result supersedes a measurement of 7 hours made in the 1970s ( U=1 ). [18]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Griqua measures between 25.60 and 30 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.0667 and 0.091. [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0667 with a diameter of 29.90 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.18, [4] while fragmentary radiometric observations in the 1970s determined a diameter of 31.0 kilometer and a derived albedo of 0.055 (TRIAD). [6] [lower-alpha 1]

    Naming

    This minor planet is named after the Afrikaans-speaking Griqua people, a mixed tribe of Bushman and Khoikhoi descent in Griqualand in South Africa and Namibia. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 ( H 24 ). [2]

    Notes

    1. ↑ The TRIAD radiometric diameters and albedos (Tucson Revised Index of Asteroid Data). The radiometric observations used for the Tucson Revised Index of Asteroid Data (TRIAD) compilation consist of broadband radiometry at 10 microns (the N band) and 20 microns (the Q band). Observations from 1972 through 1978 have been used. The results are compiled in Morrison and Zellner (1979). References to the observation papers for each entry are given in the associated references file. The observations have been interpreted with the standard model described in Morrison and Lebofsky (1979), using the computer code of Jones and Morrison (1974). Further details of the analysis are described in Morrison and Lebofsky (1979).

    Related Research Articles

    1373 Cincinnati, provisional designation 1935 QN, is an asteroid in a comet-like orbit from the Cybele region, located at the outermost rim of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. It was the only asteroid discovery made by famous American astronomer Edwin Hubble, while observing distant galaxies at Mount Wilson Observatory in California on 30 August 1935. The rather spherical X-type asteroid has a rotation period of 5.3 hours. It was named for the Cincinnati Observatory.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">166 Rhodope</span> Main-belt asteroid

    Rhodope is a dark background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 55 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 15 August 1876, by German–American astronomer Christian Peters at the Litchfield Observatory in Clinton, New York, United States. The asteroid was named after Queen Rhodope from Greek mythology.

    Lina, provisional designation 1901 FZ, is a dark Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 60 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 January 1901, by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The carbonaceous asteroid was named for the housemaid of the discoverer's family.

    Athalia, provisional designation 1903 ME, is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 40 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 20 September 1903, by German astronomer Max Wolf at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the ancient Judahite queen Athaliah.

    2026 Cottrell, provisional designation 1955 FF, is a dark asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter.

    3204 Lindgren, provisional designation 1978 RH, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 1 September 1978, by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula. The B-type asteroid has a rotation period of 5.6 hours. It was named after Swedish writer Astrid Lindgren.

    1151 Ithaka, provisional designation 1929 RK, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 14 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in 1929, and later named for the Greek island of Ithaca.

    1154 Astronomia, provisional designation 1927 CB, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 60 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory on 8 February 1927. The asteroid was named for the natural science of astronomy.

    1213 Algeria is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 32 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Guy Reiss at Algiers Observatory in 1931, it was named after the North African country of Algeria.

    2033 Basilea, provisional designation 1973 CA, is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 6 February 1973, by astronomer Paul Wild at the Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland. The asteroid was named for the Swiss city of Basel.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1693 Hertzsprung</span>

    1693 Hertzsprung is a dark and elongated background asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 39 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 5 May 1935, by Dutch astronomer Hendrik van Gent at the Leiden Southern Station, annex to the Johannesburg Observatory in South Africa.

    2173 Maresjev, provisional designation 1974 QG1, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 28 kilometers (17 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 22 August 1974, by Soviet–Ukrainian astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravleva at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula. It was named for Soviet war veteran Alexey Maresyev. The assumed C-type asteroid has a tentative rotation period of 11.6 hours.

    3688 Navajo, provisional designation 1981 FD, is a Griqua asteroid and a 2:1 Jupiter librator on an eccentric, cometary-like orbit from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 March 1981, by American astronomer Edward Bowell at the Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona. The dark P-type asteroid was named for the Native American Navajo people.

    1405 Sibelius, provisional designation 1936 RE, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 12 September 1936, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. The asteroid was named after composer Jean Sibelius.

    2169 Taiwan, provisional designation 1964 VP1, is a carbonaceous Astridian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 17 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 November 1964, by astronomers at the Purple Mountain Observatory near Nanking, China. It was named for Taiwan.

    3823 Yorii, provisional designation 1988 EC1, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 11 kilometers in diameter.

    1340 Yvette, provisional designation 1934 YA, is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 29 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 27 December 1934, by astronomer Louis Boyer at the Algiers Observatory, who named it after his niece, Yvette.

    1922 Zulu, provisional designation 1949 HC, is a carbonaceous asteroid in a strongly unstable resonance with Jupiter, located in the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, and approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 25 April 1949, by South African astronomer Ernest Johnson at Union Observatory in Johannesburg, and named for the South African Zulu people.

    1724 Vladimir, provisional designation 1932 DC, is a rare-type asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 28 February 1932, by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle, Belgium. The asteroid was later named by astronomer Milorad Protić after his grandson, Vladimir.

    31249 Renéefleming (provisional designation 1998 DF14) is a dark Zhongguo asteroid from the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers (4 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 27 February 1998, by astronomers with the ODAS survey conducted at the CERGA Observatory near Caussols, France. The presumed C-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 3.34 hours. It was named for American soprano Renée Fleming.

    References

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