1769 in Great Britain

Events from the year 1769 in Great Britain . This year sees several key events in the Industrial Revolution.

Incumbents

• Monarch – George III
• Prime Minister – Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton (Whig) ^[1]

Events

• 21 January – first of the Letters of Junius, criticising the government, appears in the Public Advertiser . ^[2]
• February–April – John Wilkes is expelled from Parliament three times in the Middlesex election affair.
• 23 March – Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, the Prime Minister, and his wife, Anne, are divorced; on 24 June the Duke remarries.
• 8 April – the Theatre Royal, York, reopens under this title having been granted a Royal Patent. ^[3] (The manager, Tate Wilkinson, also obtains a patent for his theatre in Hull.)
• 13 April – first voyage of James Cook: James Cook arrives in Tahiti on the ship HM Bark Endeavour, preparing to observe the transit of the planet Venus, which takes place on 3 June. ^[4] After the voyage, the data is found to be inaccurate in determining the distance between the Sun and Earth.
• 25 April–27 May – first Royal Academy summer exhibition held.
• 29 April – James Watt is granted a British patent for "A method of lessening the consumption of steam in steam engines" – the separate condenser, ^[5] a key improvement (first devised by Watt in 1765) which stimulates the Industrial Revolution. ^[2]
• 3 & 29 May – Eclipse runs his first races, giving rise to the phrase "Eclipse first and the rest nowhere."
• 13 June – Josiah Wedgwood opens his Etruria Works for the manufacture of pottery.
• 28 June – The Morning Chronicle newspaper begins publication in London.
• 3 July – Richard Arkwright patents a spinning frame able to weave fabric mechanically. ^[6]
• 5–7 September – actor-manager David Garrick stages a Shakespeare Jubilee festival in Stratford-upon-Avon, disrupted by rain and with no performances of Shakespeare's works. ^[7]
• 7 October – James Cook reaches New Zealand. ^[2]
• 19 November – Blackfriars Bridge across the River Thames in London opens to traffic. ^[8]

Undated

• Gordon's London dry gin first produced. ^[9]
• Elizabeth Raffald's cookery book The Experienced English Housekeeper , published in Manchester, contains a recipe for "Bride Cake" covered in marzipan and royal icing that is recognisable as a modern wedding cake ^[10] and the earliest printed recipe for crumpet.
• Work on Syon House, Middlesex, to the design of Robert Adam, ceases. ^[11]
• Approximate date – Britannia metal is first produced, in Sheffield. ^[12]

Publications

• Authorized King James Version of the Bible in the Oxford standard text edited by Benjamin Blayney.
• Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage first published as The New Peerage. ^[6]
• William Robertson's The History of the Reign of Charles V. ^[13]

Births

• 1 January – Jane Marcet, science writer (died 1858)
• 6 January – Lord Charles Townshend, Member of Parliament (died 1796)
• 2 March – Walter Fawkes, writer and Member of Parliament (died 1825)
• 4 March – Ellen Sharples, painter (died 1849)
• 23 March – William Smith, geologist and cartographer (died 1839)
• 3 April – Josiah Wedgwood II, Member of Parliament (died 1843)
• 5 April – Sir Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet, naval officer (died 1839)
• 13 April – Thomas Lawrence, painter (died 1830)
• 14 April – William Rae, Member of Parliament (died 1842)
• 1 May – Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, general and Prime Minister (died 1852)
• 2 May – John Malcolm, soldier, statesman and historian (died 1833)
• 21 May – John Hookham Frere, diplomat and author (died 1846)
• 18 June – Viscount Castlereagh, statesman, diplomat and soldier (suicide 1822)
• 14 August – Richard Barry, 7th Earl of Barrymore, noble (died 1793)
• 10 September – Charles Bullen, admiral (died 1853)
• 19 September – George Raper, naval officer and illustrator (died 1797)
• 28 September – John Jackson, boxer (died 1845)
• 6 October – Isaac Brock, general and administrator (died 1812)
• 23 October – James Ward, painter and engraver (died 1859)
• 7 November – William Sturges Bourne, politician (died 1845)
• 12 November – Amelia Opie, author (died 1853)
• 13 December – James Scarlett Abinger, judge (died 1844)
• 23 December
  • William Henry Clinton, general (died 1846)
  • Martin Archer Shee, portrait painter (died 1850)
• date unknown
  • Maria Bland, singer (died 1838)
  • James Dadford, English canal engineer (year of death unknown)
  • Charles Ewart, Scottish soldier (died 1846)
  • Francis Gore, officer and colonial administrator (died 1852)
  • Robert Hetrick, Scottish poet (died 1849)

Deaths

• 25 February – Henry Flitcroft, architect (born 1697)
• 2 August – Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea, politician (born 1689)
• 19 August – Matthew Brettingham, architect (born 1699)
• 29 August – Edmond Hoyle, game expert (born 1672)

See also

• 1769 in Wales

References

1. "History of Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of Grafton - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
2. Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 224–225. ISBN   0-7126-5616-2.
3. "Theatre Royal – Tate Wilkinson as Manager". York Guides. Archived from the original on 2012-02-26. Retrieved 2011-02-25.
4. "Cook's Journal: Daily Entries, 13 April 1769". Archived from the original on 20 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-10.
5. Patent 913; specification accepted January 5.
6. Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p.  325. ISBN   0-304-35730-8.
7. Pierce, Patricia (2004). The Great Shakespeare Fraud: the Strange, True Story of William-Henry Ireland . Stroud: Sutton Publishing. ISBN   0-7509-3393-3.
8. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN   0-14-102715-0.
9. "Gordon's Gin" . Retrieved 2010-11-15.
10. Wilson, Carol (2005). "Wedding Cake: A Slice of History". Gastronomica: The Journal of Food and Culture. 5 (2): 69–72. doi:10.1525/gfc.2005.5.2.69. JSTOR   10.1525/gfc.2005.5.2.69.
11. Field, D. M. The World's Greatest Architecture Past & Present. p. 207.
12. The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Micropædia (15th ed.). 2002.
13. Birley, Robert (1962). Sunk without Trace: some forgotten masterpieces reconsidered . London: Rupert Hart-Davis.