1850 in literature

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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1850.

Events

Balzac caricatured in the year of his death by Nadar

• January – The collected works of Edgar Allan Poe (died 1849) begin posthumous publication, co-edited by Rufus Wilmot Griswold. Later in the year, Griswold adds a memoir to the third volume, denigrating Poe's reputation, based partly on forged evidence. ^[1]
• January–April – The Germ , a periodical of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood edited by William Michael Rossetti, is published (four issues, the last two retitled Art and Poetry). ^[2]
• March – The weekly Household Words , "conducted by Charles Dickens," begins publication in London.
• March 14 – Honoré de Balzac marries Ewelina Hańska at Berdyczów. ^[3] The marriage ends with his death only five months later.
• March 16 – Nathaniel Hawthorne's historical novel The Scarlet Letter is published by William Ticknor and James T. Fields in Boston, Massachusetts, where it is set. It sells 2,500 copies in ten days. A second edition appears by the end of the month.
• May 1 – The earliest surviving mention of the composition of Moby-Dick appears in a letter Herman Melville writes to Richard Henry Dana Jr.
• May (late) – Alfred Tennyson's poem In Memoriam A.H.H. , commemorating the death of his friend and fellow poet Arthur Hallam in 1833, is published by Edward Moxon in London. The writer's anonymity is broken on June 1 by The Publishers' Circular. ^{[4] [5]}
• June 13 – Alfred Tennyson marries his childhood friend Emily Sellwood at Shiplake. ^[4]
• July – William Wordsworth's The Prelude; or, Growth of a Poet's Mind: An Autobiographical Poem , on which he has worked since 1798, is first published about three months after his death by Edward Moxon in London in 14 books, with the title supplied by the poet's widow, Mary. ^[6]
• August 5 – Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville meet for the first time, together with Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. and publisher James T. Fields, on a picnic expedition to Monument Mountain (Berkshire County, Massachusetts). ^[7]
• September 26 – The first play by Henrik Ibsen to be performed, The Burial Mound (Kjæmpehøjen), opens at the Christiania Theatre under the pseudonym Brynjolf Bjarme. His first written play, Catiline , completed this year, will not be performed until 1881.
• November
  • A new edition of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Poems is published by Chapman & Hall in London, including in volume 2 her Sonnets from the Portuguese , written during her courtship by Robert Browning in about 1845–1846. The most famous will be No. 43 ("How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.") ^[5]
  • Salford Museum and Art Gallery opens as "The Royal Museum & Public Library", as England's first unconditionally free public library. ^[8]
• November 1 – Charles Dickens's novel David Copperfield – The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery (Which He Never Meant to Publish on Any Account) – concludes serial publication and on November 14 appears complete in book form from Bradbury and Evans in London.
• November 19 – Alfred Tennyson is named Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom in succession to William Wordsworth, but only after Samuel Rogers has declined the offer because of his age ^[9] and Tennyson is assured that birthday odes will not be required of him. ^[4]
• unknown date – Ivan Turgenev completes the writing of his play A Month in the Country («Месяц в деревне», Mesiats v derevne) as The Student in Paris, but it is rejected by the Saint Petersburg censor and will not be published until 1855 or performed until 1872.

New books

Fiction

• Wilkie Collins – Antonina, or The Fall of Rome
• Charles Dickens – David Copperfield (complete in book form)
• Alexandre Dumas, fils – Tristan le Roux
• Alexandre Dumas, père – The Black Tulip (La Tulipe Noire)
• Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Scarlet Letter
• Caroline Lee Hentz
  • Linda
  • Rena, the Snowbird
• Jón Thoroddsen – Piltur og Stúlka (Boy and Girl, the first novel in Icelandic) ^[10]
• Herman Melville – White-Jacket ^[11]
• Alexei Pisemsky – The Simpleton («Тюфя′к», Tyufyak)
• James Malcolm Rymer and Thomas Peckett Prest (probable authors) – The String of Pearls (complete in book form; the first literary appearance of Sweeney Todd)
• Frank Smedley – Frank Fairleigh
• William Makepeace Thackeray – Pendennis (complete in book form) ^[12]
• Ivan Turgenev – The Diary of a Superfluous Man («Дневник лишнего человека», Dnevnik lishnevo cheloveka) ^[13]
• Jemima von Tautphoeus – The Initials
• Susan Warner (as Elizabeth Wetherell) – The Wide, Wide World

Drama

• Vasile Alecsandri – Chirița în Iași
• Christian Friedrich Hebbel – Herodes and Mariamne
• Paul Heyse – Francesca von Rimini
• Henrik Ibsen – The Burial Mound (Kjæmpehøjen) ^[14]
• Alexander Ostrovsky – It's a Family Affair-We'll Settle It Ourselves («Свои люди», Svoi lyudi - sotchtemsya, originally Bankrut) ^[15]
• Ivan Turgenev – A Month in the Country (written)

Poetry

• Elizabeth Barrett Browning – Sonnets from the Portuguese ^[16]
• Robert Browning – Christmas-Eve and Easter-Day
• Alfred Tennyson – In Memoriam A.H.H. ^[17]
• William Wordsworth – The Prelude

Non-fiction

• Ivar Aasen – Dictionary of the Norwegian Dialects (Ordbog over det Norske Folkesprog)
• Mary Anne Atwood – A Suggestive Inquiry into the Hermetic Mystery
• Frédéric Bastiat – The Law (La Loi)
• Thomas Carlyle – Latter-Day Pamphlets
• Ralph Waldo Emerson – Representative Men
• Friedrich Engels – The Peasant War in Germany (Der deutsche Bauernkrieg)
• Alexander Herzen – From Another Shore («С того берега», S togo berega)
• Washington Irving – Mahomet and His Successors
• Julia Kavanagh – Women in France during the Eighteenth Century
• Søren Kierkegaard (as Anti-Climacus) – Practice in Christianity (Indøvelse i Christendom)

Births

Rose Hartwick Thorpe

• January 14 – Pierre Loti, French novelist (died 1923) ^[18]
• January 15 – Mihai Eminescu, Romanian poet, novelist and journalist (died 1889) ^[19]
• January 24 – Mary Noailles Murfree, American novelist (died 1922) ^[20]
• January 27 – John Collier, British writer and painter (died 1934) ^[21]
• February 1 – Emma Churchman Hewitt, American author and journalist (died 1921)
• February 6 – Elizabeth Williams Champney, American author (died 1922) ^[22]
• February 8 – Kate Chopin, American writer (died 1904) ^[23]
• February 24 – Mary De Morgan, English children's writer and suffragist (died 1907)
• February 27 –Laura E. Richards, American author (died 1943)
• March 26 – Edward Bellamy, American Utopian novelist and socialist (died 1898) ^[24]
• April 11 – Rosetta Luce Gilchrist, American physician, author (died 1921)
• April 12 – Agnes Catherine Maitland, English academic, novelist and cookery writer (died 1906) ^[25]
• April 13 – Bernhard Alexander (Alexander Márkus), Hungarian philosopher and polymath (died 1927)
• April 16 – Auguste Groner, Austrian detective fiction writer (died 1929)
• April 30
  • Mrs. Alex. McVeigh Miller, American novelist (died 1937) ^[26]
  • Ieronim Yasinsky, Russian novelist, poet, critic and essayist (died 1931)
• June 18
  • Cyrus H. K. Curtis, American publisher (died 1933) ^[27]
  • Alice Moore McComas, American author, editor, lecturer and reformer (died 1919) ^[28]
• June 27 – Lafcadio Hearn (Koizumi Yakumo), Greek-born Irish American scholar and writer on Japan (died 1904)
• July 2 – Dumitru C. Moruzi, Russian-born Romanian political figure and social novelist (died 1914)
• July 9 (June 27 O.S.) – Ivan Vazov, Bulgarian poet, novelist and playwright (died 1921)
• July 18 – Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet and author (died 1939)
• July 25 – Lydia J. Newcomb Comings, American author, educator, lecturer (died 1946)
• August 5 – Guy de Maupassant, French novelist and short story writer (died 1893) ^[29]
• August 10 – Ella M. S. Marble, American physician (died 1929)
• August 30 – Marcelo H. del Pilar, Filipino writer, journalist and reformist leader (died 1896) ^[30]
• September 2 – Eugene Field, American poet and essayist (died 1895)
• September 6 – Marion Howard Brazier, American journalist (died 1935)
• October 26 – Grigore Tocilescu, Romanian historian, archaeologist, epigrapher and folkorist, author of many books on ancient Dacia (died 1909)
• November 5 – Ella Wheeler Wilcox, American writer and poet (died 1919)
• November 13 – Robert Louis Stevenson, Scottish novelist, poet and travel writer (died 1894) ^[31]
• December 23 – Louise Reed Stowell, American scientist, author (died 1932) ^[32]
• Unknown date – Annie Armitt, English novelist and poet (died 1933)

Deaths

• January 20 – Adam Oehlenschläger, Danish poet and dramatist (born 1779) ^[33]
• April 7 – William Lisle Bowles, English poet and critic (born 1762)
• April 23 – William Wordsworth, English poet (born 1770) ^[34]
• May 24 – Jane Porter, Scottish novelist and dramatist (born 1776)
• May 31 – Giuseppe Giusti, Italian poet (born 1809)
• July 6 – Alexander Jamieson, Scottish textbook writer, schoolmaster and rhetorician (born 1782) ^[35]
• July 14 – August Neander, German theologian (born 1789) ^[36]
• July 19 – Margaret Fuller, American journalist and critic (presumed drowned, born 1810) ^[37]
• August 18 – Honoré de Balzac, French novelist (heart condition, born 1799) ^[38]
• August 22 – Nikolaus Lenau (Nikolaus Franz Niembsch Edler von Strehlenau), Austrian poet (insanity, born 1802)
• November 4 – Gustav Schwab, German writer and publisher (born 1792)
• November 10 – Lumley Skeffington, English playwright and fop (born 1771)
• December 4 – Robert Gilfillan, Scottish poet (born 1798) ^[39]
• December 24 – Frédéric Bastiat, French political philosopher (tuberculosis; born 1801) ^[40]
• December 29 – William Hamilton Maxwell, Scots-Irish novelist (born 1792) ^[41]

Awards

• Chancellor's Gold Medal – Julian Fane, "Monody on the death of Adelaide, the Queen Dowager" ^[42]
• Newdigate Prize – Frederick William Faber, "The Knights of St John" ^[43]

References

1. Edgar Allan Poe (16 September 2013). Edgar Allan Poe: Essential Tales & Poems. Top Five Books LLC. p. 551. ISBN   978-1-938938-10-8.
2. Isobel Armstrong (11 September 2002). Victorian Poetry: Poetry, Poets and Politics. Routledge. p. 504. ISBN   978-1-134-97066-7.
3. Pritchett, V. S. (1973). Balzac . New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc. pp.  261–262. ISBN   0-394-48357-X.
4. Pinion, F. B. (1990). "1850". A Tennyson Chronology . Basingstoke: Macmillan. ISBN   0-333-46020-0.
5. Cox, Michael, ed. (2004). The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature . Oxford University Press. ISBN   0-19-860634-6.
6. Pinion, F. B. (1988). A Wordsworth Chronology. Basingstoke: Macmillan. ISBN   0-333-38860-7.
7. Sutherland, John; Fender, Stephen (2011). "5 August". Love, Sex, Death & Words: Surprising Tales from a Year in Literature. London: Icon. pp. 294–5. ISBN   978-184831-247-0.
8. Founded under the Museums Act 1845. "1st In Salford". visitsalford.info. Archived from the original on 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
9. Oxford DNB theme: Poets laureate.
10. Islandica. Cornell University Library. 1948. p. 42.
11. Herman Melville (17 July 2017). White-Jacket by Herman Melville - Delphi Classics (Illustrated). Delphi Classics. p. 8. ISBN   978-1-78877-487-1.
12. "Pendennis". Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved 12 June 2014.
13. Chances, Ellen (2001). "Ch. 10: The Superfluous Man in Russian Literature". In Cornwell, Neil (ed.). The Routledge Companion to Russian Literature. New York: Routledge. p.  111. ISBN   978-0-415-23366-8.
14. Norman Rhodes (1995). Ibsen and the Greeks : the classical Greek dimension in selected works of Henrik Ibsen as mediated by German and Scandinavian culture. Bucknell University Press. p. 70. ISBN   9780838752982.
15. Merriam-Webster, Inc; Encyclopaedia Britannica Publishers, Inc. Staff (1995). Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature. Merriam-Webster. p. 844. ISBN   978-0-87779-042-6.
16. Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1900). The Complete Poetical Works of Mrs. Browning. Houghton Mifflin. p. xvi.
17. James Rolfe, William, ed. (1898). The Complete Poetical Works of Tennyson. Cambridge, Mass.: The Riverside Press. p. 162.
18. Clive Wake (1974). The Novels of Pierre Loti. Mouton. p. 15. ISBN   978-90-279-2660-9.
19. Ion Creangă; Mihai Eminescu (1991). Selected Works of Ion Creangǎ and Mihai Eminescu. East European Monographs. p. ix. ISBN   978-973-21-0270-1.
20. Robert Etc Bain (1987). Fifty Southern Writers Before 1900: A Bio-bibliographical Sourcebook. Greenwood Press. p. 337. ISBN   978-0-313-24518-3.
21. Walter Yust (1954). Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 18.
22. Herringshaw's American Blue-book of Biography: Prominent Americans of ... An Accurate Biographical Record of Prominent Citizens in All Walks of Life ... American Publishers' Association. 1915. p. 243.
23. Emily Toth; Per Seyersted (22 October 1998). Kate Chopin's Private Papers. Indiana University Press. p. 1. ISBN   0-253-11593-0.
24. Howard Quint, The Forging of American Socialism: Origins of the Modern Movement: The Impact of Socialism on American Thought and Action, 1886–1901. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1953; p. 74.
25. Jones, Enid Huws. "Maitland, Agnes Catherine (1849–1906)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34836.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
26. The West Virginia Encyclopedia. West Virginia Humanities Council. 2006. p. 478. ISBN   9780977849802.
27. Feld, Rose C. (1922). "Cyrus H. K. Curtis, The Man: Musician, Editor, Publisher and Capitalist". The New York Times (22 October 1922). Retrieved 7 April 2013.
28. Leonard, John W. (1914). "McComas, Alice Moore". Woman's Who's who of America: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporary Women of the United States and Canada, 1914-1915 (Public domain ed.). American commonwealth Company. p.  512.
29. Alain-Claude Gicquel, Maupassant, tel un météore, Le Castor Astral, 1993, p. 12
30. Nieva, Gregorio (1916). The Philippine Review (Revista Filipina). Vol. 5. Manila: Gregorio Nieva. p. 198. OCLC   24397107.
31. Sir Graham Balfour (17 July 2017). The Life of Robert Louis Stevenson by Sir Graham Balfour - Delphi Classics (Illustrated). Delphi Classics. p. 44. ISBN   978-1-78656-800-7.
32. Marquis, Albert Nelson (1915). Who's who in New England: A Biographical Dictionary of Leading Living Men and Women of the States of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut (Public domain ed.). A.N. Marquis & Company.
33. Radio Liberty Research Bulletin. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 1985. p. 7.
34. Helen Darbishire (1964). Wordsworth. Longmans, Green & Company. p. 6.
35. Sylvanus Urban (1820). The Gentleman's Magazine: Historical Chronicle. p. 369. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
36. Hugh Chisholm; James Louis Garvin (1926). The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature & General Information. 13th Ed., Being Volumes One to Twenty-eight of the Latest Standard Edition with the Three New Volumes Covering Recent Years and the Index Volume. Encyclopædia Britannica Company, Limited. p. 321.
37. Deiss, Joseph Jay (1969): The Roman Years of Margaret Fuller (NY: Thomas Y. Crowell Co.), p. 313.
38. Pritchett, V. S. (1973). Balzac. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc. ISBN   0-394-48357-X Page 263
39. David Baptie (1972). Musical Scotland. Georg Olms Verlag. p. 64. ISBN   978-3-487-40254-3.
40. "Frederic Bastiat". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2 July 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
41. Bernard Burke; Arthur Charles Fox-Davies (1 January 1912). A genealogical and heraldic history of the landed gentry of Ireland. Dalcassian Publishing Company. p. 183.
42. The Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature, vol 1., p. 287. Accessed 13 January 2014
43.  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Faber, Frederick William". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 111–112.