1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election

Last updated
1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
Flag of India.svg
26 March 1952 1957  

All 330 seats in the Bihar Legislative Assembly
166 seats needed for a majority
 Majority partyMinority party
  Shri Krishna Singh 2016 stamp of India.jpg No image available.svg
Leader Shri Krishna Sinha
Party INC JKP
Seats won23932
Popular vote39,51,1457,65,272
Percentage41.38%8.01%

Elected Chief Minister

Shri Krishna Sinha
INC

Elections were held in March 1952 for the Bihar Legislative Assembly. There were 276 constituencies with 50 of them being two-member constituencies. The Indian National Congress (INC) stormed into power. Shri Krishna Singh became the first elected Chief Minister of Bihar and Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha became the first Deputy Chief Minister cum Finance Minister of the state. [1]

Contents

Seat won by parties
  1. Congress (239 seats) (72.4%)
  2. Jharkhand Party (32 seats) (9.69%)
  3. Socialist Party (23 seats) (6.96%)
  4. CNSPJP (11 seats) (3.33%)
  5. LSS (7 seats) (2.12%)
  6. Independent (14 seats) (4.24%)
  7. Others (4 seats) (1.24%)

Parties

National parties

  1. Bharatiya Jana Sangh
  2. Communist Party of India
  3. Forward Bloc (Marxist Group)
  4. Forward Bloc (Ruikar)
  5. Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha
  6. Indian National Congress
  7. Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party
  8. Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad
  9. Revolutionary Socialist Party
  10. Scheduled Caste Federation
  11. Socialist Party

State parties

  1. Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
  2. Jharkhand Party
  3. Lok Sewak Sangh
  4. All India United Kisan Sabha

Registered (unrecognised) parties

  1. All India Ganatantra Parishad

Results

Summary of results of the 1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election [1]
India Bihar Legislative Assembly 1952.svg
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested
Won% of
Seats
VotesVote %
Indian National Congress Flag of Indian National Congress.png 32223972.4239,51,14541.38
Socialist Party 266236.9717,29,75018.11
Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 9810.302,68,4162.81
Jharkhand Party 53329.707,65,2728.01
Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party 38113.333,01,6913.16
Forward Bloc (Marxist Group) 3410.301,07,3861.12
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad 2910.3060,3600.63
Lok Sewak Sangh 1272.121,48,9211.56
All India Ganatantra Parishad 110.3014,2370.15
Independent 638144.2418,77,23619.66
Total seats330Voters2,41,65,389Turnout95,48,835 (39.51%)
Party wise votes polled
  1. Indian National Congress (41.4%)
  2. Jharkhand Party (8.01%)
  3. Socialist Party (18.1%)
  4. CNSPJP (3.16%)
  5. Lok Sewak Sangh (1.56%)
  6. Independent (19.7%)
  7. Others (8.12%)

Elected members

ConstituencyReserved for
(ST/None)
MemberParty
Maner NoneRameshwar Prasad Shastri Indian National Congress
Danapur None Jagat Narain Lal Indian National Congress
Patna City West Cum NaubatpurNoneMungeri Lal Indian National Congress
Badri Nath Verma Indian National Congress
Patna City EastNoneNawabzada Syed Mohammad Mehdi Indian National Congress
Fatuha NoneDeo Saran Sinha Indian National Congress
Punpun-cum-MasaurhiNoneSaraswati Chaudhari Indian National Congress
Ram Khelawan Sinha Indian National Congress
ChandiNoneDhanraj Sharma Indian National Congress
EkangarsaraiNoneTayagi Lal Singh Indian National Congress
Islam-cum-SilaoNoneSheo Saran Prasad Sharma Indian National Congress
Mahabir Prasad Indian National Congress
Mokama NoneJagdish Narain Sinha Indian National Congress
Barh NoneRana Sheolakh Pati Sinha Indian National Congress
Ashthawan NoneTajuddin Indian National Congress
Bihar NorthNoneGirwardhari Singh Indian National Congress
Bihar SouthNoneMd. Aquil Syed Indian National Congress
Bakhtiarpur NoneSundri Devi Indian National Congress
BihtaNoneManorma Devi Indian National Congress
Paliganj None Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav Indian National Congress
Pakribarawan-cum-WarsaliganjNoneChetu Ram Indian National Congress
Manzoor Ahmad Indian National Congress
Nawada-cum-HasuaNoneShakti Kumar Indian National Congress
Ram Kishun Singh Indian National Congress
Rajauli-cum-WazirganjNoneRadha Krishna Pd. Sinha Indian National Congress
Mahabir Chaudhry Indian National Congress
Atri None Rameshwar Prasad Yadav Independent
Gaya Town NoneKesho Prasad Indian National Congress
Sherghati-cum-ImamganjNoneDeodhari Chamar Indian National Congress
Jaglal Mahato Indian National Congress
Bodh Gaya-cum-ParaivaNoneJugeshwar Prasad Khalish Indian National Congress
Rameshwar Manjhi Indian National Congress
Arwal NoneGudani Singh Socialist Party of India
Kurtha NoneRamacharan Singh Socialist Party of India
Jahanabad NoneSheobhajan Singh Socialist Party of India
Ghosi None Ram Chandra Yadav Independent
Makhdumpur None Rameshwar Yadav Independent
Tikari NoneMithileshwar Prasad Sinha Indian National Congress
DaudnagarNoneRam Naresh Singh Socialist Party of India
Goh NoneMundrika Singh Socialist Party of India
Rafiganj NoneS. M. Latifur Rahman Indian National Congress
Aurangabad NonePriyabrat Narain Sinha Indian National Congress
Obra NonePadarath Singh Socialist Party of India
Nabinagar None Anugrah Narayan Sinha Indian National Congress
Barhara NoneRambilas Sinha Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad
Arrah MuffasilNone Ambika Sharan Singh Indian National Congress
Arrah Town NoneRang Bahadur Prasad Indian National Congress
SaharNoneDeo Naryan Singh Indian National Congress
Chainpur NoneGupta Nath Singh Indian National Congress
Bhabua-cum-MohaniaNoneRam Nagina Singh Indian National Congress
Dularchand Ram Indian National Congress
Sasaram-cum-RohtasNoneGovind Chamar Indian National Congress
Jagannath Singh Indian National Congress
Dehri None Basawon Singh Socialist Party of India
Ramgarh NoneRam Chandra Rai Indian National Congress
ItarhiNoneRaja Ram Arya Indian National Congress
Buxar NoneLakshmi Kant Tiwary Indian National Congress
Dumraon NoneHarihar Prasad Singh Indian National Congress
Brahampur NoneLallan Singh Indian National Congress
Shahpur None Ramanand Tiwary Socialist Party of India
Jagdishpur None Sumitra Devi Indian National Congress
BikramganjNoneHemraj Yadav Indian National Congress
Nokha NoneRaghunath Prasad Sah Indian National Congress
Dinara NoneRamanand Upadhya Indian National Congress
Tarari-cum-PiroNoneDevidayal Ram Socialist Party of India
Radha Mohan Rai Socialist Party of India
Kuchaikot NoneShiva Kumar Pathak Indian National Congress
Gopalganj NoneKamla Rai Indian National Congress
Barauli None Abdul Ghafoor Mian Indian National Congress
Baikunthpur NoneShivabachan Trivedi Indian National Congress
Katea-cum-BhoreNoneNand Kishore Narayan Indian National Congress
Chandrika Ram Indian National Congress
Mirganj NoneJanardan Sinha Indian National Congress
Barharia NoneSaghirul Haque Indian National Congress
Siwan NoneRam Baswan Ram Indian National Congress
Shankar Nath Indian National Congress
Mairwa NoneGadadhar Prasad Indian National Congress
Darauli NoneRamayan Shukla Indian National Congress
Raghunathpur None Ram Nandan Yadav Indian National Congress
Manjhi NoneGirish Tiwary Indian National Congress
Maharajganj NoneMahamaya Pd. Sinha Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party
Ekma NoneLaksmi Narain Singh Indian National Congress
Basantpur WestNoneKrishna Kant Singh Indian National Congress
Basantpur EastNoneHari Kishore Prasad Indian National Congress
Masarakh NorthNoneBaij Nath Singh Indian National Congress
Masarakh SouthNoneSukh Deo Narayan Mahath Indian National Congress
Marhaura NoneRam Swarup Devi Indian National Congress
Baniapur NoneBishwa Nath Mishra Indian National Congress
Chapra TownNoneMurli Manohar Pd. Indian National Congress
Chapra Muffasil-cum-GarakhaNoneJaglal Choudhary Indian National Congress
Prabhu Nath Singh Indian National Congress
Parsa None Daroga Prasad Rai Indian National Congress
DighwaraNoneRam Binod Singh Indian National Congress
Sonepur NoneJagadish Sharma Indian National Congress
Bagaha-cum-Ram NagarNoneJagarnath Prasad Srivastava Indian National Congress
Kedar Pandey Indian National Congress
Shikarpur-cum-LauriaNoneRaghuni Baitha Indian National Congress
Biswa Nath Sinha Indian National Congress
Sikta NoneFaizul Rahman Indian National Congress
Dhanaha NoneSudama Mishra Indian National Congress
Bettiah NonePrajapati Mishra Indian National Congress
Nautan NoneParbati Devi Indian National Congress
Sugauli NoneJai Narain Prasad Indian National Congress
Harsidhi NoneHaribansh Sahai Indian National Congress
Motihari-cum-PipraNoneYamuna Ram Indian National Congress
Ganesh Prasad Sah Indian National Congress
Raxaul NoneRadha Pandey Indian National Congress
Adapur NoneRam Sunder Tiwari Indian National Congress
Ghorasahan NoneRam Ayodhya Prasad Socialist Party of India
Dhaka NoneMashood Moulvi Indian National Congress
PatabiNoneGadadhar Sinha Indian National Congress
Madhubani NoneBraj Behari Sharma Indian National Congress
Govindganj NoneSheodhari Pandey Indian National Congress
Kesaria NoneParvawati Gupta Indian National Congress
Majorganj NoneRam Dulari Indian National Congress
Sheohar-cum-BelsandNoneChulhai Dusadh Indian National Congress
Thakur Girjanandan Singh Indian National Congress
Sitamarhi SouthNoneRam Sewak Saran Independent
Sitamarhi WestNone Kuldip Narayan Yadav Indian National Congress
Sitamarhi NoneDamodar Jha Socialist Party of India
RuinsaidpurNoneViveka Nand Gir Independent
Pupri SouthNoneShyam Nandan Das Mahant Indian National Congress
Pupri NorthNoneDoctor Habib Indian National Congress
Sonbarsha FrontierNoneTildhari Prasad Mahato Independent
Sursand None Ram Charitra Rai Yadav Independent
Sahebganj NoneBrajnandan Prasad Singh Indian National Congress
Baruraj NoneRam Chandra Prasad Sahi Indian National Congress
Kanti NoneJamuna Prasad Tripathy Indian National Congress
Kurhani NoneKapil Deo Narayan Singh Indian National Congress
Mahua NonePhudeni Prasad Sp Indian National Congress
Paru NorthNoneNawal Kishore Prasad Singh Indian National Congress
Paru SouthNoneHarihar Saran Dutta Indian National Congress
Lalganj NoneChandramani Lal Choudhary Indian National Congress
Laliteshwar Prasad Sahi Indian National Congress
Hajipur NoneSaryug Prasad Indian National Congress
Raghopur NoneHaribansh Narain Singh Indian National Congress
Minapur NoneJanak Singh Indian National Congress
Katra NorthNoneMathura Prasad Singh Indian National Congress
Katra SouthNoneNiteshwar Prasad Sinha Indian National Congress
Muzaffarpur TownNoneBindeshwari Prasad Verma Indian National Congress
Muzaffarpur-cum-SakraNoneShio Nandan Ram Indian National Congress
Mahesh Prasad Sinha Indian National Congress
Patepur NoneNathuni Lal Mahato Socialist Party of India
Mahnar None Deep Narayan Singh Indian National Congress
Jale NoneAbdul Sami Nadavi Indian National Congress
Mohiuddinnagar NoneRamrup Prasad Rai Indian National Congress
TajpurNone Karpoori Thakur Socialist Party of India
Warisnagar NoneDhanpati Paswan Socialist Party of India
Bashishtha Narain Singh Socialist Party of India
Samastipur NoneYadunandan Sahai Indian National Congress
Sunder Mahato Indian National Congress
Dalsingsarai EastNone Sahdeo Mahato Indian National Congress
Dalsingsarai WestNoneDevaki Nandan Jha Indian National Congress
Rosera NoneBaleshwar Ram Inc Indian National Congress
Darbhanga NoneSayeedul Haque Indian National Congress
Darbhanga NorthNoneHirdaya Narayan Choudhary Indian National Congress
Durbhanga SouthNoneRadha Kant Choudhary Indian National Congress
Babuay Lal Mahato Indian National Congress
Benipatti WestNoneShafi Indian National Congress
Benipatti EastNone Subodh Narayan Yadav Independent
BiraulNoneDeva Chandra Mishra Indian National Congress
Bahera SouthNoneKrishna Devi Indian National Congress
Bahera NorthNoneJai Narayan Vineet Jha Indian National Congress
Bahera North EastNoneNarendra Nath Das Indian National Congress
Singhia NoneGajendra Narain Singh Indian National Congress
MadhaipurNoneJanki Nandan Singh Indian National Congress
Harlakhi NoneJanak Kishore Devi Indian National Congress
JainagarNoneMahabal Kumar Indian National Congress
Khajauli NoneAhmad Sakoor Indian National Congress
IadaniaNone Deo Narayan Yadav Indian National Congress
Madhubani NoneRam Krishna Mahato Independent
Hari Nath Misra Indian National Congress
Jhanjharpur NoneKapileshwar Shastri Indian National Congress
Laukaha None Yogeshwar Ghosh Yadav Indian National Congress
Phulparas NoneKashinath Mishra Indian National Congress
Kharagpur NoneShri Krishna Sinha Indian National Congress
Tarapur NoneBasukinath Rai Indian National Congress
Jamalpur Town NoneJogendra Mahato Indian National Congress
Monghyr Town NoneNirapad Mukherjee Indian National Congress
Suraj Garha-cum-LakhisaraiNoneRajeshwar Prasad Singh Indian National Congress
Bhagwat Prasad Indian National Congress
Jhajha NoneChandrashekhar Singh Indian National Congress
Lakchmipur-cum-JamuiNoneGuru Chamar Inc Indian National Congress
Barbigha NoneKrishna Mohan Pearey Singh Indian National Congress
Sheikhpura-cum-SikandaraNoneShah Mustaque Saheb Indian National Congress
Raghunandan Prasad Indian National Congress
BariyarpurNoneRamnarayan Choudhary Socialist Party of India
Bachhwara NoneMithan Choudhary Indian National Congress
Teghra NoneRam Charitra Sinha Indian National Congress
Begusarai NorthNoneMd. Ilyas Indian National Congress
Begusarai SouthNoneSaryoo Prasad Singh Indian National Congress
Bakhri NoneShivbrat Narain Sinha Indian National Congress
Ballia NoneBrahma Deo Narain Sinha Indian National Congress
Khagaria NoneDwarika Prasad Indian National Congress
Bakhtiarpur-cum-ChauthamNoneMishri Mushar Indian National Congress
Jiyalal Mandal Indian National Congress
GogriNoneSuraj Narain Singh Socialist Party of India
Parbatta NoneKumar Tribeni Kumar Socialist Party of India
Nirmali NoneKamta Prasad Gupta Indian National Congress
PratapganjNoneKublal Mahato Indian National Congress
Supaul NoneLahton Choudhary Indian National Congress
Tribeniganj-cum-MadhipuraNoneBholi Shardar Indian National Congress
Bindeshwari Prasad Mandal Indian National Congress
DharharaNoneRamesh Jha Socialist Party of India
Sawarbazar-cum-SonbarsaNoneJageshwar Hazara Indian National Congress
Upendra Narain Singh Indian National Congress
MurliganjNoneShibnandan Prasad Mandal Indian National Congress
Kishanganj None Kamleshwari Prasad Yadav Indian National Congress
Alamnagar None Tanuk Lal Yadav Socialist Party of India
Naugachia-cum-BihpurNoneKumar Raghunandan Prasad Indian National Congress
Kahalgaon NoneRamjanam Mahton Indian National Congress
Bhagalpur TownNoneSatendra Narain Agrawal Indian National Congress
Bhagalpur MuffasilNoneSyed Maqbool Ahmad Indian National Congress
Sultanganj NoneRash Bihari Lal Indian National Congress
Dhuraia-cum-AmarpurNonePashupati Singh Indian National Congress
Bhola Nath Das Indian National Congress
Banka NoneRaghwendra Narain Singh Indian National Congress
Belhar-cum-KatoriaNonePiroo Manjhi Indian National Congress
Shital Prasad Bhagat Indian National Congress
Pirpanti NoneSiaram Singh Indian National Congress
Narpatganj-cum-DharharaNoneDumar Lal Baitha Indian National Congress
Ram Narain Mandal Indian National Congress
Demdaha-cum-KorhaNoneLakshmi Narain Sudhansu Indian National Congress
Bhola Paswan Indian National Congress
Rupauli NoneMohit Lal Pandit Socialist Party of India
Thakurganj NoneAnath Kanta Basu Indian National Congress
Islampur NoneChowdhary Mohamad Afaque Indian National Congress
Kishanganj NoneRautmal Agrawal Indian National Congress
Bahadurganj NoneAhsan Mohammad Indian National Congress
Karandighi NoneMohinuddin Mokhtar Indian National Congress
Kadwa NoneJiwats Himansu Sharma Indian National Congress
Forbesganj NoneBokai Mandal Indian National Congress
PalasiNonePunyanand Jha Indian National Congress
Araria NoneZiaur Rahman Hazi Independent
Amour None Mohammad Tahir Indian National Congress
Baisi STAbdul Ahad Mohammad Noor Indian National Congress
Purnia NoneKamal Deo Narain Sinha Indian National Congress
Katihar-cum-BarariNoneSukhdeo Narain Singh Indian National Congress
Babulal Manjhi Indian National Congress
AzamnagarNoneParbati Devi Indian National Congress
Rajmahal DaminNoneJetha Kisku Jharkhand Party
Pakaur DaminSTRam Charan Kisku Jharkhand Party
Godda DaminSTBabulal Tuddu Jharkhand Party
Mahagama NoneSagar Mohan Pathak Indian National Congress
Godda NoneBudhinath Kairav Jha Indian National Congress
Poreyahat-cum-JarmundiNoneChunka Hembrom Jharkhand Party
Jagdish Narain Mandal Indian National Congress
RamgarhSTSuapi Murmu Jharkhand Party
Dumka STDevi Soren Jharkhand Party
Jamtara NoneSatrughan Besra Jharkhand Party
MasaliaSTMadan Besra Jharkhand Party
Sikaripara STWilliam Hembrom Jharkhand Party
Maheshpur STJittu Kisku Jharkhand Party
Pakur NoneJotirmoyee Devi Indian National Congress
Rajmahal STMd. Burhanuddin Khan Indian National Congress
Deoghar NoneBhubneshwar PandeyForward Bloc
Madhupur-cum-SarathNoneJanaki Prasad Singh Indian National Congress
Gokul Mahara Jharkhand Party
NarainpurNoneKrishna Gopal Das Independent
Jamui-cum-GawanNoneSadanand Prasad Indian National Congress
Kisan Ram Das Indian National Congress
Kodarma NoneAwadh Bihari Dikshit Indian National Congress
Dhanwar NonePunit Rai Indian National Congress
Giridh-cum-DumriNoneKrishnaballabh Sahai Indian National Congress
Lakshman Manjhi Indian National Congress
Bagodar None Kamakhya Narain Singh Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
PatarbarNone Kamakhya Narain Singh Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
Gomia None Kamakhya Narain Singh Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
Ramgarh-cum-HazaribaghNoneBigan Ram Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
Basant Narain Singh Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
Barhi NoneRameshwar Prasad Mahato Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
ChauparanNoneGauri Charan Singh Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
Barkagaon NoneKamakhya Narain Singh Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
Chatra NoneSukhlal Singh Indian National Congress
Mandar STSoma Bhagat Indian National Congress
Silli NoneBhola Nath Bhagat Indian National Congress
Ranchi NonePaul Dayal Indian National Congress
SonahatuNoneJagannath Mahto Kurmi Jharkhand Party
Tamar STNaiyaran Munda Jharkhand Party
BeroSTHarman Lakra Jharkhand Party
Gumla STShukra Uraon Jharkhand Party
BasiaNoneJunas Soren Jharkhand Party
Khunti STLucas Munda Jharkhand Party
Kolebira STS. K. Bage Jharkhand Party
Simdega STAlfred Uraon Jharkhand Party
ChainpurSTDeocharan Manjhi Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
Sisai STBaliya Bhagat Jharkhand Party
Lohardaga NoneIgnas Kujur Jharkhand Party
Hussainbad-cum-GarhwaNoneRaj Kishore Sinha Indian National Congress
Deochanda Ram Pasi Indian National Congress
Nagar UntariNoneRajeshwari Saroj Das Indian National Congress
Daltonganj NoneAmiya Kumar Gosh Indian National Congress
Leslieganj-cum-ChhatarpurNoneJitoo Ram Indian National Congress
Bhuneshwar Choubey Indian National Congress
Lateher-cum-ManatuNoneGirijanandan Singh Indian National Congress
Bhagirathi Singh Indian National Congress
TopchanchiNonePurnendu Narain Singh Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
KatrasNoneManorma Sinha Independent
Tundi-cum-NirsaNoneRam Narayan Sharma Indian National Congress
Tika Ram Manjhi Indian National Congress
Dhanbad NonePurushotam Chouhan Indian National Congress
BaliapurNoneKali Prasad Singh Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
Kashipur-cum-RaghunathpurNoneBudhan Manjhi Indian National Congress
Annada Prasad Chakrabarty Independent
Para-cum-ChasNoneSarat Mochi Indian National Congress
Deoshankari Prasad Singh Independent
Jhalda NoneDebendra Nath Mahata Indian National Congress
Baghmundi NoneSirish Chandra Banerjee Lok Sewak Sangh
Purulia-cum-HuraNoneDimo Charmahar Lok Sewak Sangh
Samarendra Nath Ojha Lok Sewak Sangh
Manbazar-cum-PatamdaNoneNitai Singh Sardar Lok Sewak Sangh
Satya Kinkar Mahata Lok Sewak Sangh
Barabazar-cum-ChandilNoneBhimchandra Mahato Lok Sewak Sangh
Atul Chandra Singh Bhuiya Lok Sewak Sangh
Manoharpur STSubha Nath Deogam Jharkhand Party
Chakradharpur STSukhdeo Manjhi Jharkhand Party
KolhanSTSidhu Hembrom Jharkhand Party
JamdaSTAukuro Ho Jharkhand Party
ManjariSTSurendra Nath Birua Jharkhand Party
Kharsawan STUjindra Lal Ho Jharkhand Party
Seraikella NoneMihir Kavi Ganatantra Parishad
Jamshedpur NoneSheo Chandrika Prasad Indian National Congress
Jugsalai-cum-PotkaNoneKailash Prasad Jharkhand Party
Haripada Singh Jharkhand Party
Ghatsila-cum-BaharagoraNoneGhani Ram Santhal Jharkhand Party
Mukunda Ram Tenty Jharkhand Party

State Reorganization

Bihar was reduced slightly by the transfer of minor territories to West Bengal in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. [2] Hence the constituencies were reduced from 330 in 1951 to 318 in 1957 elections.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Bihar" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  2. "Reorganisation of States, 1955" (PDF). The Economic Weekly. October 15, 1955. Retrieved July 25, 2015.