1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election

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1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election
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26 March 1952 1957  

All 330 seats in the Bihar Legislative Assembly
166 seats needed for a majority
 Majority partyMinority party
  Shri Krishna Singh 2016 stamp of India.jpg
Leader Shri Krishna Sinha
Party INC Jharkhand Party
Seats won23932
Popular vote39,51,1457,65,272
Percentage41.38%8.01%

Elected Chief Minister

Shri Krishna Sinha
INC

Elections were held in March 1952 for the Bihar Legislative Assembly. There were 276 constituencies with 50 of them being two-member constituencies. The Indian National Congress (INC) stormed into power. Shri Krishna Singh became the first elected Chief Minister of Bihar and Dr. Anugrah Narayan Sinha became the first Deputy Chief Minister cum Finance Minister of the state. [1]

Contents

Seat won by parties

   Congress (239 seats) (72.42%)
   CNSPJP (11 seats) (3.33%)
   LSS (7 seats) (2.12%)
  Independent (14 seats) (4.24%)
  Others (4 seats) (1.24%)

Parties

National parties

  1. Bharatiya Jana Sangh
  2. Communist Party of India
  3. Forward Bloc (Marxist Group)
  4. Forward Bloc (Ruikar)
  5. Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha
  6. Indian National Congress
  7. Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party
  8. Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad
  9. Revolutionary Socialist Party
  10. Scheduled Caste Federation
  11. Socialist Party

State parties

  1. Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
  2. Jharkhand Party
  3. Lok Sewak Sangh
  4. All India United Kisan Sabha

Registered (unrecognised) parties

  1. All India Ganatantra Parishad

Results

Summary of results of the 1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election [1]
India Bihar Legislative Assembly 1952.svg
Political partyFlagSeats
Contested
Won % of
Seats
VotesVote %
Indian National Congress Flag of Indian National Congress.png 32223972.4239,51,14541.38
Socialist Party 266236.9717,29,75018.11
Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party 9810.302,68,4162.81
Jharkhand Party 53329.707,65,2728.01
Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party 38113.333,01,6913.16
Forward Bloc (Marxist Group) 3410.301,07,3861.12
Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad 2910.3060,3600.63
Lok Sewak Sangh 1272.121,48,9211.56
All India Ganatantra Parishad 110.3014,2370.15
Independent 638144.2418,77,23619.66
Total seats330Voters2,41,65,389Turnout95,48,835 (39.51%)

Party wise votes polled

   Jharkhand Party (8.01%)
   Socialist Party (18.11%)
   CNSPJP (3.16%)
   Lok Sewak Sangh (1.56%)
  Independent (19.66%)
  Others (8.12%)

Elected members

ConstituencyReserved for
(ST/None)
MemberParty
Maner NoneRameshwar Prasad Shastri Indian National Congress
Danapur NoneJagatnarain Lal Indian National Congress
Patna City West Cum NaubatpurNoneMungeri Lal Indian National Congress
Badri Nath Verma Indian National Congress
Patna City EastNoneNawabzada Syed Mohammad Mehdi Indian National Congress
Fatuha NoneDeo Saran Sinha Indian National Congress
Punpun Cum (Masaurhi)NoneSaraswati Chaudhari Indian National Congress
Ram Khelawan Sinha Indian National Congress
ChandiNoneDhanraj Sharma Indian National Congress
EkangarsaraiNoneTayagi Lal Singh Indian National Congress
Islampur-cum-slraoNoneSheo Saran Prasad Sharma Indian National Congress
Mahabir Prasad Indian National Congress
Mokama NoneJagdish Narain Sinha Indian National Congress
Barh NoneRana Sheolakh Pati Sinha Indian National Congress
AshthawanNoneTajuddin Indian National Congress
Bihar NorthNoneGirwardhari Singh Indian National Congress
Bihar SouthNoneMd. Aquil Syed Indian National Congress
Bakhtiarpur NoneSundri Devi Indian National Congress
BihtaNoneManorma Devi Indian National Congress
Paliganj None Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav Indian National Congress
Pakribarawan Cum WarsaliganjNoneChetu Ram Indian National Congress
Manzoor Ahmad Indian National Congress
Nawada Cum HasuaNoneShakti Kumar Indian National Congress
Ram Kishun Singh Indian National Congress
Rajauli Cum WazirganjNoneRadha Krishna Pd. Sinha Indian National Congress
Mahabir Chaudhry Indian National Congress
Atri None Rameshwar Prasad Yadav Independent
Gaya TownNoneKesho Prasad Indian National Congress
Sherghati Cum Imamganj NoneDeodhari Chamar Indian National Congress
Jaglal Mahato Indian National Congress
Bodh Gaya Cum ParaivaNoneJugeshwar Prasad Khalish Indian National Congress
Rameshwar Manjhi Indian National Congress
Arwal NoneGudani Singh Socialist Party of India
Kurtha NoneRamacharan Singh Socialist Party of India
Jahanabad NoneSheobhajan Singh Socialist Party of India
Ghosi None Ram Chandra Yadav Independent
Makhdumpur None Rameshwar Yadav Independent
TekariNoneMithileshwar Prasad Sinha Indian National Congress
DaudnagarNoneRam Naresh Singh Socialist Party of India
GohNoneMundrika Singh Socialist Party of India
RafiganjNoneS.m. Latifur Rahman Indian National Congress
AurangabadNonePriyabrat Narain Sinha Indian National Congress
ObraNonePadarath Singh Socialist Party of India
Nabi NagarNoneAnugrah Narayan Singh Indian National Congress
BarharaNoneRambilas Sinha Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad
Arrah MuffasilNoneAmbika Singh Indian National Congress
Arrah TownNoneRang Bahadur Prasad Indian National Congress
SaharNoneDeo Naryan Singh Indian National Congress
ChainpurNoneGupta Nath Singh Indian National Congress
Bhabua Cum MohaniaNoneRam Nagina Singh Indian National Congress
Dularchand Ram Indian National Congress
Sasaram Cum RohtasNoneGovind Chamar Indian National Congress
Jagannath Singh Indian National Congress
DehriNone Basawon Singh Socialist Party of India
RamgarhNoneRam Chandra Rai Indian National Congress
ItarhiNoneRaja Ram Arya Indian National Congress
BuxarNoneLakshmi Kant Tiwary Indian National Congress
DumraonNoneHarihar Prasad Singh Indian National Congress
BarhampurNoneLallan Singh Indian National Congress
SahpurNoneRamanand Tiwari Socialist Party of India
Jagdishpur None Sumitra Devi Indian National Congress
BikramganjNoneHemraj Yadav Indian National Congress
NokhaNoneRaghunath Prasad Sah Indian National Congress
DinaraNoneRamanand Upadhya Indian National Congress
Tarari Cum PiroNoneDevidayal Ram Socialist Party of India
Radha Mohan Rai Socialist Party of India
KuchaikotNoneShiva Kumar Pathak Indian National Congress
GopalganjNoneKamla Rai Indian National Congress
BarauliNoneAbdul Gafar Mian Indian National Congress
BaikunthpurNoneShivabachan Trivedi Indian National Congress
Katea Cum BhoreNoneNand Kishore Narayan Indian National Congress
Chandrika Ram Indian National Congress
MirganjNoneJanardan Sinha Indian National Congress
BarhariaNoneSaghirul Haque Indian National Congress
Siwan NoneRam Baswan Ram Indian National Congress
Shankar Nath Indian National Congress
MairwaNoneGadadhar Prasad Indian National Congress
Darauli NoneRamayan Shukla Indian National Congress
Raghunathpur None Ram Nandan Yadav Indian National Congress
ManjhiNoneGirish Tiwary Indian National Congress
MaharajganjNoneMahamaya Pd. Sinha Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party
EkmaNoneLaksmi Narain Singh Indian National Congress
Basantpur WestNoneKrishna Kant Singh Indian National Congress
Basantpur EastNoneHari Kishore Prasad Indian National Congress
Masarakh NorthNoneBaij Nath Singh Indian National Congress
Masarakh SouthNoneSukh Deo Narayan Mahath Indian National Congress
MarhauraNoneRam Swarup Devi Indian National Congress
BaniyapurNoneBishwa Nath Mishra Indian National Congress
Chapra TownNoneMurli Manohar Pd. Indian National Congress
Chapra Muffasil Cum GarakhaNoneJaglal Choudhary Indian National Congress
Prabhu Nath Singh Indian National Congress
Parsa None Daroga Prasad Rai Indian National Congress
DighwaraNoneRam Binod Singh Indian National Congress
Sonepur NoneJagadish Sharma Indian National Congress
Bagaha Cum Ram NagarNoneJagarnath Prasad Srivastava Indian National Congress
Kedar Pandey Indian National Congress
Shikarpur Cum LauriaNoneRaghuni Baitha Indian National Congress
Biswa Nath Sinha Indian National Congress
SiktaNoneFaizul Rahman Indian National Congress
DhanahaNoneSudama Mishra Indian National Congress
BettiahNonePrajapati Mishra Indian National Congress
NautanNoneParbati Devi Indian National Congress
SugauliNoneJai Narain Prasad Indian National Congress
HarsidhiNoneHaribansh Sahai Indian National Congress
Motihari Cum PipraNoneYamuna Ram Indian National Congress
Ganesh Prasad Sah Indian National Congress
RaxaulNoneRadha Pandey Indian National Congress
AdapurNoneRam Sunder Tiwari Indian National Congress
GhorasahanNoneRam Ayodhya Prasad Socialist Party of India
DhakaNoneMashood Moulvi Indian National Congress
PatabiNoneGadadhar Sinha Indian National Congress
MadhubaniNoneBraj Behari Sharma Indian National Congress
GovindganjNoneSheodhari Pandey Indian National Congress
KesariaNoneParvawati Gupta Indian National Congress
MajorganjNoneRam Dulari Indian National Congress
Sheohar Cum BelsandNoneChulhai Dusadh Indian National Congress
Thakur Girjanandan Singh Indian National Congress
Sitamarhi SouthNoneRam Sewak Saran Independent
Sitamarhi WestNone Kuldip Narayan Yadav Indian National Congress
SitamarhiNoneDamodar Jha Socialist Party of India
RuinsaidpurNoneViveka Nand Gir Independent
Pupri SouthNoneShyam Nandan Das Mahant Indian National Congress
Pupri NorthNoneDoctor Habib Indian National Congress
Sonbarsa FrontierNoneTildhari Prasad Mahato Independent
Sursand None Ram Charitra Rai Yadav Independent
SahibganjNoneBrajnandan Prasad Singh Indian National Congress
BarurajNoneRam Chandra Prasad Sahi Indian National Congress
KantiNoneJamuna Prasad Tripathy Indian National Congress
KurhaniNoneKapil Deo Narayan Singh Indian National Congress
MahuaNonePhudeni Prasad Sp Indian National Congress
Paru NorthNoneNawal Kishore Prasad Singh Indian National Congress
Paru SouthNoneHarihar Saran Dutta Indian National Congress
LalganjNoneChandramani Lal Choudhary Indian National Congress
Laliteshwar Prasad Sahi Indian National Congress
HajipurNoneSaryug Prasad Indian National Congress
RaghopurNoneHaribansh Narain Singh Indian National Congress
MinapurNoneJanak Singh Indian National Congress
Katra NorthNoneMathura Prasad Singh Indian National Congress
Katra SouthNoneNiteshwar Prasad Sinha Indian National Congress
Muzaffarpur TownNoneBindeshwari Prasad Verma Indian National Congress
Muzaffarpur Cum SakraNoneShio Nandan Ram Indian National Congress
Mahesh Prasad Sinha Indian National Congress
PateypurNoneNathuni Lal Mahato Socialist Party of India
MahanarNoneDip Narain Singh Indian National Congress
JaleNoneAbdul Sami Nadavi Indian National Congress
Mohiuddin Nagar NoneRamrup Prasad Rai Indian National Congress
TajpurNone Karpoori Thakur Socialist Party of India
WarisnagarNoneDhanpati Paswan Socialist Party of India
Bashishtha Narain Singh Socialist Party of India
SamastipurNoneYadunandan Sahai Indian National Congress
Sunder Mahato Indian National Congress
Dalsingsarai EastNone Sahdeo Mahato Indian National Congress
Dalsingsarai WestNoneDevaki Nandan Jha Indian National Congress
RoseraNoneBaleshwar Ram Inc Indian National Congress
DarbhangaNoneSayeedul Haque Indian National Congress
Darbhanga NorthNoneHirdaya Narayan Choudhary Indian National Congress
Durbhanga SouthNoneRadha Kant Choudhary Indian National Congress
Babuay Lal Mahato Indian National Congress
Benipatti WestNoneShafi Indian National Congress
Benipatti EastNone Subodh Narayan Yadav Independent
BiraulNoneDeva Chandra Mishra Indian National Congress
Bahera SouthNoneKrishna Devi Indian National Congress
Bahera NorthNoneJai Narayan Vineet Jha Indian National Congress
Bahera North EastNoneNarendra Nath Das Indian National Congress
SinghiaNoneGajendra Narain Singh Indian National Congress
MadhaipurNoneJanki Nandan Singh Indian National Congress
HarlakhiNoneJanak Kishore Devi Indian National Congress
JainagarNoneMahabal Kumar Indian National Congress
KhajauliNoneAhmad Sakoor Indian National Congress
IadaniaNone Deo Narayan Yadav Indian National Congress
MadhubaniNoneRam Krishna Mahato Independent
Hari Nath Misra Indian National Congress
JhanjharpurNoneKapileshwar Shastri Indian National Congress
Laukaha None Yogeshwar Ghosh Yadav Indian National Congress
PhulparasNoneKashinath Mishra Indian National Congress
KharagpurNoneShri Krishna Sinha Indian National Congress
TarapurNoneRai Basukinath Indian National Congress
Jamalpur TownNoneJogendra Mahato Indian National Congress
Monghyr TownNoneNirapad Mukherjee Indian National Congress
Suraj Garha Cum LakhisaraiNoneRajeshwar Prasad Singh Indian National Congress
Bhagwat Prasad Indian National Congress
JhajhaNoneChandrashekhar Singh Indian National Congress
Lakchmipur Cum JamuiNoneGuru Chamar Inc Indian National Congress
BarbighaNoneKrishna Mohan Pearey Singh Indian National Congress
Sheikhpura Cum SikandaraNoneShah Mustaque Saheb Indian National Congress
Raghunandan Prasad Indian National Congress
BariyarpurNoneRamnarayan Choudhary Socialist Party of India
BachhwaraNoneMithan Choudhary Indian National Congress
TegharaNoneRam Charitra Sinha Indian National Congress
Begusarai NorthNoneMd. Ilyas Indian National Congress
Begusarai SouthNoneSaryoo Prasad Singh Indian National Congress
BakhariNoneShivbrat Narain Sinha Indian National Congress
BaliaNoneBrahma Deo Narain Sinha Indian National Congress
KhagariaNoneDwarika Prasad Indian National Congress
Bakhtiarpur Cum ChauthamNoneMishri Mushar Indian National Congress
Jiyalal Mandal Indian National Congress
GogriNoneSuraj Narain Singh Socialist Party of India
ParbattaNoneKumar Tribeni Kumar Socialist Party of India
NirmaliNoneKamta Prasad Gupta Indian National Congress
PratapganjNoneKublal Mahato Indian National Congress
SupaulNoneLahton Choudhary Indian National Congress
Tribeniganj Cum MadhipuraNoneBholi Shardar Indian National Congress
Bindeshwari Prasad Mandal Indian National Congress
DharharaNoneRamesh Jha Socialist Party of India
Sawarbazar Cum SonbarsaNoneJageshwar Hazara Indian National Congress
Upendra Narain Singh Indian National Congress
MurliganjNoneShibnandan Prasad Mandal Indian National Congress
Kishanganj None Kamleshwari Prasad Yadav Indian National Congress
Alamnagar None Tanuk Lal Yadav Socialist Party of India
Naugachia Cum BihpurNoneKumar Raghunandan Prasad Indian National Congress
ColgongNoneRamjanam Mahton Indian National Congress
Bhagalpur TownNoneSatendra Narain Agrawal Indian National Congress
Bhagalpur MuffasilNoneSyed Maqbool Ahmad Indian National Congress
SultanganjNoneRash Bihari Lal Indian National Congress
Dhuraia Cum AmarpurNonePashupati Singh Indian National Congress
Bhola Nath Das Indian National Congress
BankaNoneRaghwendra Narain Singh Indian National Congress
Belhar Cum KatoriaNonePiroo Manjhi Indian National Congress
Shital Prasad Bhagat Indian National Congress
PirpantiNoneSiaram Singh Indian National Congress
Narpatganj Cum DharharaNoneDumar Lal Baitha Indian National Congress
Ram Narain Mandal Indian National Congress
Demdaha Cum KorhaNoneLakshmi Narain Sudhansu Indian National Congress
Bhola Paswan Indian National Congress
RupauliNoneMohit Lal Pandit Socialist Party of India
ThakurganjNoneAnath Kanta Basu Indian National Congress
IslampurNoneChowdhary Mohamad Afaque Indian National Congress
KishanganjNoneRautmal Agrawal Indian National Congress
BahadurganjNoneAhsan Mohammad Indian National Congress
KarandigahiNoneMohinuddin Mokhtar Indian National Congress
KadweNoneJiwats Himansu Sharma Indian National Congress
ForbesganjNoneBokai Mandal Indian National Congress
PalasiNonePunyanand Jha Indian National Congress
ArariaNoneZiaur Rahman Hazi Independent
AmaurNoneMohammad Tahir Indian National Congress
BaisiSTAbdul Ahad Mohammad Noor Indian National Congress
PurneaNoneKamal Deo Narain Sinha Indian National Congress
Katihar Cum BarariNoneSukhdeo Narain Singh Indian National Congress
Babulal Manjhi Indian National Congress
AzamnagarNoneParbati Devi Indian National Congress
Rajmahal DaminNoneJetha Kisku Jharkhand Party
Pakaur DaminSTRam Charan Kisku Jharkhand Party
Godda DaminSTBabulal Tuddu Jharkhand Party
MahagamaNoneSagar Mohan Pathak Indian National Congress
GoddaNoneBudhinath Kairav Jha Indian National Congress
Paraiyahat Cum JarmundihNoneChunka Hembrom Jharkhand Party
Jagdish Narain Mandal Indian National Congress
RamgarhSTSuapi Murmu Jharkhand Party
DumkaSTDevi Soren Jharkhand Party
JamtaraNoneSatrughan Besra Jharkhand Party
MasaliaSTMadan Besra Jharkhand Party
SikariparsSTWilliam Hembrom Jharkhand Party
MaheshpurSTJittu Kisku Jharkhand Party
PakaurNoneJotirmoyee Devi Indian National Congress
RajmahalSTMd. Burhanuddin Khan Indian National Congress
DeogharNoneBhubneshwar PandeyForward Bloc
Madhupur Cum SarathNoneJanaki Prasad Singh Indian National Congress
Gokul Mahara Jharkhand Party
NarainpurNoneKrishna Gopal Das Independent
Jamui Cum GawanNoneSadanand Prasad Indian National Congress
Kisan Ram Das Indian National Congress
KodarmaNoneAwadh Bihari Dikshit Indian National Congress
DhanwarNonePunit Rai Indian National Congress
Giridh Cum DumriNoneKrishnaballabh Sahai Indian National Congress
Lakshman Manjhi Indian National Congress
BagodarNoneKamakhya Narayan Singh Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
PatarbarNoneKamakhya Narain Singh Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
GomiaNoneKamakhya Narain Singh Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
Ramgarh Cum Hazari BaghNoneBigan Ram Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
Basant Narain Singh Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
BarhiNoneRameshwar Prasad Mahato Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
ChauparanNoneGauri Charan Singh Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
BarkagaonNoneKamakhya Narain Singh Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
ChatraNoneSukhlal Singh Indian National Congress
MandarSTSoma Bhagat Indian National Congress
SilliNoneBhola Nath Bhagat Indian National Congress
RanchiNonePaul Dayal Jhp Indian National Congress
SonahatuNoneJagannath Mahto Kurmi Jharkhand Party
TamarSTNaiyaran Munda Jharkhand Party
BeroSTHarman Lakra Jharkhand Party
GumlaSTShukra Uraon Jharkhand Party
BasiaNoneJunas Soren Jharkhand Party
KhuntiSTLucas Munda Jharkhand Party
KolebraSTS.k. Bose Jharkhand Party
SimdegaSTAlfred Uraon Jharkhand Party
ChainpurSTDeocharan Manjhi Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
SisaiSTBaliya Bhagat Jharkhand Party
LohardataNoneIgnas Kujur Jharkhand Party
Hussainbad Cum GarhwahNoneRaj Kishore Sinha Indian National Congress
Deochanda Ram Pasi Indian National Congress
Nagar UntariNoneRajeshwari Saroj Das Indian National Congress
DaltonganjNoneAmiya Kumar Gosh Indian National Congress
Lesliganj Cum ChhatarpurNoneJitoo Ram Indian National Congress
Bhuneshwar Choubey Indian National Congress
Lateher Cum ManatuNoneGirijanandan Singh Indian National Congress
Bhagirathi Singh Indian National Congress
TopchanchiNonePurnendu Narain Singh Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
KatrasNoneManorma Sinha Independent
Tundi Cum NirsaNoneRam Narayan Sharma Indian National Congress
Tika Ram Manjhi Indian National Congress
DhanbadNonePurushotam Chouhan Indian National Congress
BaliapurNoneKali Prasad Singh Chota Nagpur Santhal Parganas Janata Party
Kashipur Cum RaghunathpurNoneBudhan Manjhi Indian National Congress
Annada Prasad Chakrabarty Independent
Para Cum ChasNoneSarat Mochi Indian National Congress
Deoshankari Prasad Singh Independent
JhaldaNoneDebendra Nath Mahata Indian National Congress
BagmundiNoneSirish Chandra Banerjee Lok Sewak Sangh
Purulia Cum HuraNoneDimo Charmahar Lok Sewak Sangh
Samarendra Nath Ojha Lok Sewak Sangh
Manbazar Cum PatamdaNoneNitai Singh Sardar Lok Sewak Sangh
Satya Kinkar Mahata Lok Sewak Sangh
Barabazar Cum ChandilNoneBhimchandra Mahato Lok Sewak Sangh
Atul Chandra Singh Bhuiya Lok Sewak Sangh
ManoharpurSTSubha Nath Deogam Jharkhand Party
ChakradharpurSTSukhdeo Manjhi Jharkhand Party
KolhanSTSidhu Hembrom Jharkhand Party
JamdaSTAukuro Ho Jharkhand Party
ManjariSTSurendra Nath Birua Jharkhand Party
KharsawanSTUjindra Lal Ho Jharkhand Party
SraikellaNoneMihir Kavi Ganatantra Parishad
JamshedpurNoneSheo Chandrika Prasad Indian National Congress
Jugsalai Cum PotkaNoneKailash Prasad Jharkhand Party
Haripada Singh Jharkhand Party
Ghatsila Cum BaharagoraNoneGhani Ram Santhal Jharkhand Party
Mukunda Ram Tenty Jharkhand Party

State Reorganization

Bihar was reduced slightly by the transfer of minor territories to West Bengal in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. [2] Hence the constituencies were reduced from 330 in 1951 to 318 in 1957 elections.

See also

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Tarkishore Prasad is an Indian politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party who served as the 5th Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar from 16 November to 9 August 2022.He held the portfolios of Finance & Commercial Taxes along with Urban Development and Housing. He has been elected the BJP's leader in the Bihar assembly. He is currently elected as a Member of the Bihar Legislative Assembly from Katihar constituency in 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election.

References

  1. 1 2 "Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Bihar" (PDF). Election Commission of India. Retrieved 2014-10-14.
  2. "Reorganisation of States, 1955" (PDF). The Economic Weekly. October 15, 1955. Retrieved July 25, 2015.