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Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 15 October 1963. [1] They were the first elections since the 1961 May Coup, and the first during the Third Republic. The result was a narrow victory for the acting incumbent and leader of the governing military Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, Park Chung Hee, who received 47% of the vote, securing a transition to civilian rule under his Democratic Republican Party. Voter turnout was 85%. [2] [3]
General Park Chung Hee, who had led the military government of South Korea since his coup in 1961, agreed to return the power to civil politicians on 8 April 1963, at the same time as announcing he would run for the presidency of the new civilian government. This was after he announced his plans to extend the military rule for another four years, to which United States reacted by threatening to cease all economic aid.
The military formed the Democratic Republican Party in February, and Park Chung Hee, who had officially retired from military service the day before, accepted DRP nomination for president in October.
On 3 September, members of the military that were critical of Park's dictatorial behaviour split and formed the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), nominating former Chief of Staff of the Army and former interim prime minister Song Yo-chan for president. Members of the party were oppressed by the government for doing this. Song later withdrew and endorsed Yun Po-sun.
Civilian politicians were deeply divided into multiple parties rather than unifying against Park. On 14 May, Former President Yun Po-sun and his followers founded the Civil Rule Party (CRP), which nominated Yun as its presidential candidate. Also claiming to represent the civilian politicians was the New Politics Party (NPP), which nominated former Prime Minister Heo Jeong as its candidate.
When it became clear that Park would win easily if both candidates ran, Yun suggested that the civilians unite under one party, which the NPP agreed to. The People's Party (PP) was officially founded in September, uniting the CRP, NPP and Democratic Friendship Party of former Prime Minister Lee Beom-seok. However, after failing to reach an agreement on whether to nominate Yun or Heo for president, on 13 September, the Civil Rule Party split from the PP and officially re-nominated Yun for president. The factions of Heo and Lee, which remained in the PP, nominated Heo.
On 2 October, Heo withdrew his bid for presidency and endorsed Yun, hoping to help defeat Park. [4] [5]
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Park Chung Hee | Democratic Republican Party | 4,702,640 | 46.65 | |
| Yun Po-sun | Civil Rule Party | 4,546,614 | 45.10 | |
| Oh Chaeo-yong | Independent | 408,664 | 4.05 | |
| Byeon Yeong-tae | Righteous Citizens Party | 224,443 | 2.23 | |
| Ching I-sok | New Development Party | 198,837 | 1.97 | |
| Total | 10,081,198 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 10,081,198 | 91.35 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 954,977 | 8.65 | ||
| Total votes | 11,036,175 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 12,985,051 | 84.99 | ||
| Source: Nohlen et al. | ||||
| Province or city | Park Chung Hee | Yun Po-sun | Oh Jae-young | Byun Young-tae | Jang I-seok | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
| Seoul | 371,627 | (30.1%) | 802,052 | (65.1%) | 20,634 | (1.6%) | 26,728 | (2.2%) | 10,537 | (0.9%) | 1,231,578 |  |
| Gyeonggi | 384,764 | (33.1%) | 661,984 | (56.9%) | 54,770 | (4.7%) | 34,775 | (3.0%) | 27,554 | (2.4%) | 1,163,847 |  |
| Gangwon | 296,711 | (40.0%) | 368,092 | (49.1%) | 35,568 | (4.7%) | 24,924 | (3.3%) | 24,528 | (3.3%) | 749,823 |  |
| Chungnam | 405,077 | (40.8%) | 490,663 | (49.4%) | 47,364 | (4.8%) | 26,639 | (2.7%) | 23,359 | (2.4%) | 993,102 |  |
| Chungbuk | 202,789 | (39.8%) | 249,397 | (48.9%) | 26,911 | (5.3%) | 15,699 | (3.1%) | 14,971 | (2.9%) | 509,767 |  |
| Jeonnam | 765,712 | (57.2%) | 480,800 | (35.9%) | 51,714 | (3.9%) | 17,312 | (1.3%) | 22,604 | (1.7%) | 1,338,142 |  |
| Jeonbuk | 408,556 | (49.4%) | 343,171 | (41.5%) | 27,906 | (3.4%) | 18,617 | (2.3%) | 18,223 | (2.2%) | 826,473 |  |
| Busan | 242,779 | (48.2%) | 239,038 | (47.5%) | 11,214 | (2.2%) | 7,106 | (1.4%) | 3,419 | (0.7%) | 503,601 |  |
| Gyeongnam | 706,079 | (61.7%) | 341,971 | (29.9%) | 60,645 | (5.3%) | 19,323 | (1.7%) | 26,014 | (2.3%) | 1,144,032 |  |
| Gyeongbuk | 837,124 | (55.6%) | 543,392 | (36.1%) | 58,079 | (3.9%) | 31,113 | (2.1%) | 34,622 | (2.3%) | 1,504,330 |  |
| Jeju | 81,422 | (70.0%) | 26,009 | (22.3%) | 3,859 | (3.3%) | 2,207 | (1.9%) | 3,006 | (2.6%) | 116,503 |  |
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Choi Kyu-hah was a South Korean politician who served as the fourth president of South Korea from 1979 to 1980.
Kim Jong-pil, also known colloquially as JP, was a South Korean politician and the founder/first director of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency. He served as prime minister twice, from 1971 to 1975 during the presidency of Park Chung Hee (1961–1979) and from 1998 to 2000 during the presidency of Kim Dae-jung (1998–2003). He was a nine-term National Assembly member.
Yun Po-sun was a South Korean politician and activist who served as the second president of South Korea from 1960 to 1962. He was the only president of the short-lived Second Republic of Korea, and served as little more than a figurehead due to its nature as a parliamentary system.
The Supreme Council for National Reconstruction (Korean: 국가재건최고회의) was the ruling military junta of South Korea from May 1961 to December 1963.
The Second Republic of Korea was the government of South Korea from April 1960 to May 1961.
The Third Republic of Korea was the government of South Korea from December 1963 to November 1972. The Third Republic was founded on the dissolution of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction that overthrew the Second Republic and established a military government in May 1961. Park Chung Hee, the Chairman of the Supreme Council, was elected President of South Korea in the 1963 presidential election.
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The Fifth Republic of Korea was the government of South Korea from February 1981 to February 1988.
Chang Myon was a South Korean statesman, educator, diplomat, journalist and social activist as well as a Roman Catholic youth activist. He was the only prime minister of the parliamentary Second Republic. In addition, during the First Republic he was the fourth and last vice president of South Korea. His art name was Unseok (운석). His English name was John Chang Myon.
Yun Chi-Young was a Korean independence activist, journalist, and politician, diplomat of South Korea. He was the first Interior Minister (1948), 2nd Republic of Korea Ambassador to France from 1950 to 1951, 1st, 2nd and 3rd National Assembly of South Korea and 13th Mayor of Seoul from 1963 to 1966. His art name is Dongsan (Korean: 동산).
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The May 16 military coup d'état was a military coup d'état in South Korea in 1961, organized and carried out by Park Chung Hee and his allies who formed the Military Revolutionary Committee, nominally led by Army Chief of Staff Chang Do-yong after the latter's acquiescence on the day of the coup. The coup rendered powerless the democratically elected government of Prime Minister Chang Myon and President Yun Posun, and ended the Second Republic, installing a reformist military Supreme Council for National Reconstruction effectively led by Park, who took over as chairman after Chang's arrest in July.
Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 3 May 1967. The result was a victory for Park Chung Hee, who received 51% of the vote. Voter turnout was 84%.
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The Democratic Party was a political party in South Korea. The party was the first truly organized liberal opposition against Syngman Rhee's conservative Liberal Party, and is considered as the predecessor to the lineage of the South Korean liberal parties.
The Civil Rule Party, sometimes referred to as the Civil Rights Party, was a political party in South Korea. The party was the successor to the Democratic Party, supported by former President Yun Posun, and future Presidents Kim Dae-jung and Kim Young-sam. On May 11, 1965, it merged with the Democratic Party to become the People's Party.
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