1971 South Korean presidential election

Last updated

1971 South Korean presidential election
Flag of South Korea (1949-1984).svg
  1967 27 April 1971 1972  
  Park Chung-hee 1963's.png Kim Dae-jung billboard, 1971.jpg
Nominee Park Chung-hee Kim Dae-jung
Party Democratic Republican New Democratic
Popular vote6,342,8285,395,900
Percentage53.20%45.26%

1971 South Korean elections result map.png
Leading candidate by province

President before election

Park Chung-hee
Democratic Republican

Elected President

Park Chung-hee
Democratic Republican

Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 27 April 1971. [1] The result was a victory for incumbent president Park Chung-hee, who won 53.2% of the vote. Voter turnout was 79.8%. [2] Within a year of his re-election, Park declared martial law and introduced the Yushin Constitution, which vested him with sweeping and near-dictatorial powers.

Contents

These would be the last contested presidential elections in South Korea until 1981, and the last direct presidential elections until 1987.

Nominations

Democratic Republican Party

The DRP Convention was held on 17 March 1971, at which incumbent president Park Chung-hee became the presidential nominee. [3] Under the constitution, Park would have normally been ineligible to run in 1971, as presidents were limited to two consecutive terms. However, shortly after his re-election in 1967, the DRP-dominated legislature passed a constitutional amendment allowing the incumbent president to run for three consecutive terms.

New Democratic Party

By tradition, the most senior members of the party leadership were supposed to run for president. It was assumed that either former Korea University president Yu Jin-oh, the sitting party chair Yu Jin-san, or former president Yun Po-sun would be chosen for the party's candidate. However, the norm was broken by lawmaker Kim Young-sam, who was only in his early forties, when he declared his bid for the New Democratic nomination for president on 8 November 1969. He was followed by Kim Dae-jung and Lee Cheol-seung, both prominent politicians in their forties. The party leadership tried to discourage the three candidates at first, but later conceded that it was now time for the new generation to take over. Lee Cheol-seung withdrew his bid and endorsed Kim Dae-jung after the party leadership, including Chairman Yu Jin-san, announced they would be backing Kim Young-sam.

At the convention held on 29 September 1970, the establishment-endorsed Kim Young-sam surprisingly lost to the minority faction's Kim Dae-jung, who became the party's candidate. [4]

CandidateFirst roundSecond round
Delegates%Delegates%
Kim Dae-jung 38243.1645851.81
Kim Young-sam 42147.5741046.38
Invalid/blank votes829.27161.81
Total885100884100

Results

CandidatePartyVotes%
Park Chung-hee Democratic Republican Party 6,342,82853.20
Kim Dae-jung New Democratic Party 5,395,90045.26
Jin Bok-ki People's Party 122,9141.03
Park Ki-chul National Party 43,7530.37
Lee Jong-yunLiberal Democratic Party17,8230.15
Total11,923,218100.00
Valid votes11,923,21896.02
Invalid/blank votes494,6063.98
Total votes12,417,824100.00
Registered voters/turnout15,552,23679.85
Source: Nohlen et al.

By province

Province or cityPark Chung HeeKim Dae-jungJin Bok-kiPark Ki-chulLee Jong-yunTotal
Votes %Votes %Votes %Votes %Votes %
Seoul 805,772(40.0%)1,198,018(59.4%)6,881(0.3%)4,811(0.2%)1,426(0.1%)2,016,098
1971 South Korean presidential election
Gyeonggi 687,985(48.9%)696,582(49.5%)13,770(1.0%)6,547(0.5%)2,995(0.2%)1,407,879
1971 South Korean presidential election
Gangweon 502,722(60.0%)325,556(38.8%)7,326(0.9%)2,985(0.4%)1,390(0.2%)839,979
1971 South Korean presidential election
Chungnam 556,632(53.5%)461,978(44.4%)14,411(1.4%)5,285(0.5%)2,322(0.2%)1,040,628
1971 South Korean presidential election
Chungbuk 312,744(57.3%)222,106(40.7%)6,989(1.3%)2,662(0.5%)1,154(0.2%)545,655
1971 South Korean presidential election
Jeonnam 479,737(34.4%)874,974(62.8%)31,986(2.3%)4,362(0.3%)2,122(0.2%)1,393,181
1971 South Korean presidential election
Jeonbuk 308,850(35.5%)535,519(61.5%)21,162(2.4%)3,167(0.4%)1,646(0.2%)870,344
1971 South Korean presidential election
Busan 385,999(55.7%)302,452(43.6%)1,974(0.3%)2,518(0.4%)583(0.1%)693,526
1971 South Korean presidential election
Gyeongnam 891,119(73.4%)310,595(25.6%)6,793(0.6%)4,580(0.4%)1,634(0.1%)1,214,721
1971 South Korean presidential election
Gyeongbuk 1,333,051(75.6%)411,116(23.3%)9,838(0.6%)6,438(0.4%)2,374(0.1%)1,762,817
1971 South Korean presidential election
Jeju 78,217(56.9%)57,004(41.4%)1,784(1.3%)398(0.3%)177(0.1%)137,580
1971 South Korean presidential election

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kim Jong-pil</span> South Korean intelligence officer and politician

Kim Jong-pil, also known colloquially as JP, was a South Korean politician and the founder/first director of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency. He served as Prime Minister twice, from 1971 to 1975 during the presidency of Park Chung-hee (1961–1979) and from 1998 to 2000 during the presidency of Kim Dae-jung (1998–2003). He was a nine term National Assembly member.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1997 South Korean presidential election</span>

Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 18 December 1997. The result was a victory for opposition candidate Kim Dae-jung, who won with 40.3 percent of the vote. When he took office in 1998, it marked the first time in Korean history that the ruling party peacefully transferred power to the opposition party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Korea women's national volleyball team</span>

The South Korea women's national volleyball team represents South Korea in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches. It was one of the leading squads in the world in the 1970s, 1990s and 2010s, having won the bronze medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and placing fourth at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany, the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain and the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1987 South Korean presidential election</span>

Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 16 December 1987. They marked the establishment of the Sixth Republic, as well as the end of the authoritarian rule that had prevailed in the country for all but one year since its founding in 1948. They were the first direct presidential elections since 1971. For the previous 15 years, presidents had been indirectly elected by the National Conference for Unification, an electoral college dominated by the governing party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1992 South Korean presidential election</span>

Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 18 December 1992, the second democratic presidential elections since the end of military rule in 1987. Voter turnout was 81.9%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1981 South Korean presidential election</span>

Two-stage presidential elections were held in South Korea in February 1981. An electoral college was elected on 11 February, which in turn elected the president on 25 February. They were the last indirect presidential elections controlled by the government of Chun Doo-hwan under the new 1980 constitution. Chun was re-elected with 90% of the electoral college vote.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1963 South Korean presidential election</span>

Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 15 October 1963. They were the first elections since the 1961 May Coup, and the first during the Third Republic. The result was a narrow victory for the acting incumbent and leader of the governing military Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, Park Chung Hee, who won 46.6% of the vote, securing a transition to civilian rule under his Democratic Republican Party. Voter turnout was 85.0%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012 South Korean presidential election</span>

Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 19 December 2012. They were the sixth presidential elections since democratization and the establishment of the Sixth Republic, and were held under a first-past-the-post system, in which there was a single round of voting and the candidate receiving the highest number of votes was elected. Under the South Korean constitution, a president is restricted to a single five-year term in office. The term of the then incumbent president Lee Myung-bak ended on 24 February 2013. According to the Korea Times, 30.7 million people voted with turnout at 75.8%. Park Geun-hye of the Saenuri party was elected the first female South Korean president with 51.6% of the vote opposed to 48.0% for her opponent Moon Jae-in. Park's share of the vote was the highest won by any candidate since the beginning of free and fair direct elections in 1987 and the first such election in which any candidate won a majority. Moreover, as of the 2022 election, this is the latest South Korean presidential election in which the winning candidate won an absolute majority of the vote.

<i>Korean Peninsula</i> (TV series) 2012 South Korean television series

Korean Peninsula is a 2012 South Korean television series starring Hwang Jung-min and Kim Jung-eun. It aired on newly launched cable channel TV Chosun from February 6 to April 3, 2012 on Mondays and Tuesdays at 20:50 for 18 episodes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kim Young-sam</span> President of South Korea from 1993 to 1998

Kim Young-sam was a South Korean politician and activist who served as the seventh president of South Korea from 1993 to 1998.

<i>Dream of the Emperor</i> 2012 – 2013 South Korean television series

Dream of the Emperor is a South Korean television series that aired on KBS1 from September 8, 2012 to June 9, 2013 on Saturdays and Sundays at 21:40 for 70 episodes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Democratic Party (South Korea)</span> Former South Korean political party

The New Democratic Party was a South Korean opposition party that existed from 1967 to 1980, when it was forcibly dissolved by the ninth amendment of the constitution promulgated by Chun Doo-hwan the same year. It was the main opposition party during the Park Chung-hee dictatorial regime, and especially since 1972, when the Yushin constitution was put into effect.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahn Hee-jung</span> South Korean politician

Ahn Hee-jung, also known as An Hee-jung, is a former South Korean politician. He served as the 36th and 37th Governor of South Chungcheong Province. He stepped down from his role as governor and announced his retirement from public life after acknowledging accusations that he sexually assaulted his aide Kim Ji-eun on multiple occasions. In February 2019, he was sentenced to a three and a half year prison term for sexual assault.

The People Party was a centrist political party in South Korea established on 2 February 2016 by Ahn Cheol-soo. The party had a strong support base in the Honam region. The party dissolved on 13 February 2018. A later party of the same name was also founded by Ahn and was active from 2020 to 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reunification Democratic Party</span> Political party in South Korea

The Reunification Democratic Party was a political party of South Korea from 1987 to 1990. The party was established in April 1987 by Kim Dae-jung and Kim Young-sam, splitting from the New Korean Democratic Party. The party faced another split later that year with Kim Dae-jung and his followers organizing Peace Democratic Party. The party later merged with conservative Democratic Justice Party and New Democratic Republican Party in January 1990. The party members who opposed the merger formed the Democratic Party. The party had strong support in the Southeastern region of the country, including the South Gyeongsang Province and the city of Busan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lee Ki-taek</span> South Korean politician

Lee Ki-taek was a South Korean politician and parliamentarian.

The 2021 South Korean by-elections were held in South Korea on 7 April 2021. The National Election Commission announced on 2 March 2021, that the by-elections would be held for 21 public offices or electoral districts, including 2 Metropolitan mayors, 2 Municipal mayors, 8 Metropolitan Council constituencies, and 9 Municipal Council constituencies. Candidate registration ran from 18 to 19 March, and the list of candidates was confirmed on 26 March.

References

  1. Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume II, p420 ISBN   0-19-924959-8
  2. Nohlen et al., p465
  3. "의왕시사". dws124.dongwonweb.co.kr. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
  4. "대권 경선사/DJ가 YS에 대역전승/70년 신민당". 중앙일보 (in Korean). 1992-05-10. Retrieved 2018-04-22.