2024 South Korean legislative election

2024 South Korean legislative election

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All 300 seats in the National Assembly 151 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	66.97% (0.77pp; Const. votes) 66.99% (0.78pp; PR votes)
Majority party Minority party Third party   Leader Lee Jae-myung Han Dong-hoon Cho Kuk Party Democratic People Power [a] Rebuilding Korea Alliance Democratic Alliance [b] — — Last election 180 seats [c] 103 seats [d] Did not exist Seats won 173 [e] 108 12 Seat change 7 5 New Constituency vote 15,075,279 13,179,769 –  % and swing 51.57% (1.66 pp) 45.08% (3.62 pp) – Regional vote 7,567,459 10,395,264 6,874,278  % and swing 26.70% (6.66pp) 36.67% (2.83pp) 24.25% (New)
Results of the election.
Speaker before election Kim Jin-pyo Democratic Elected Speaker Woo Won-shik Democratic

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 10 April 2024. All 300 members of the National Assembly were elected, 254 from first-past-the-post constituencies and 46 from proportional party lists. ^{[1] [2]} The two largest parties, the liberal Democratic Party and the conservative People Power Party, once again set up satellite parties to take advantage of the electoral system.

The election served as a "mid-term evaluation" for the administration of President Yoon Suk-yeol as it approached its third year. Additionally, there was significant interest in whether the ruling party could surpass the constraints of the ruling coalition, which did not secure a majority in the previous general election, and gain the necessary momentum to govern effectively during the remainder of its term. ^[3]

The election saw opposition parties, primarily the Democratic Party, retain their majority in the National Assembly. ^[4] The new legislators would have their first meeting on 30 May. ^[5]

Background

Redistricting

On 28 February 2024, the ruling and opposition parties reached a consensus to redraw the electoral districts. ^[6] Subsequently, the National Assembly's plenary session passed an amendment to the Public Offices Election Act, resulting in the reformation of the electoral districts. In comparison to the 21st National Assembly elections, there was an increase of one constituency, bringing the total to 254, while the seats for proportional representation decreased by one, totaling 46. ^[7]

Electoral system

See also: Elections in South Korea and Legislative elections in South Korea

The National Assembly's 300 seats were elected by the parallel voting: ^{[8] [9]}

• 254 constituency seats are elected via first-past-the-post voting
• 46 seats are elected by proportional representation using largest remainder method.

The minimum voting age is set at 18.

Campaign

The election was held amid several political and socioeconomic issues in South Korea such as corruption, with President Yoon Suk-yeol of the People Power Party facing criticism over the handling of issues involving his wife and a former minister, and party leaders such as the Democratic Party's Lee Jae-myung and Rebuilding Korea Party's Cho Kuk facing trials for bribery and forgery respectively, ^[10] as well as rising inflation and the ongoing doctors' strike. ^[11] One major talking point was an incident on 18 March when President Yoon visited a grocery store in Seoul to check consumer prices and describing the 875-won ($0.65) price of a green onion he found as reasonable, only for it to emerge that the onions were being sold at a discount and that the true price of onions was three to four times higher. The incident led to opposition candidates bringing out green onions at campaign rallies and the hashtag #greenonions875won becoming a trending topic on social media throughout the election. In response, the National Election Commission banned voters from bringing green onions to polling stations, citing concerns over "election interference". This was in turn, widely ridiculed and led to an increase in demand for green onion-themed merchandise. ^[12]

On 27 October 2023 the Justice Party and Green Party announced their intention to form an electoral alliance and invited other left-wing parties to participate. ^[13] This move was heavily criticized by Justice Party deputies Jang Hye-young and Ryu Ho-jeong, as well as former Justice Party Youth Committee Chair Kim Chang-in; all three believe that the Justice Party should form electoral alliances not by ideology, but with any "third zone" party opposed to the Democratic and People Power parties. ^[14]

On 2 January 2024 Lee Jae-myung was stabbed in an assassination attempt while visiting the construction site of an airport in Gadeokdo, Busan. ^[15] He was later criticised for using a sexually derogative term to describe People Power Party politician Na Kyung-won during a criticism of her pro-Japanese views. ^[16]

On 15 January 2024 the Green Party and Justice Party announced a left-wing election coalition called the "Green-Justice Party." ^[17] On the same day, Basic Income Party leader Yong Hye-in announced a pro-Democrat electoral coalition to counter the People Power Party. ^[18]

Throughout the campaign the People Power Party argued that President Yoon's government has been unable to push its reform agenda forward since taking office in 2022 due to an uncooperative National Assembly controlled by the opposition, while the Democratic Party described Yoon's administration as "incompetent", accusing it of causing a socioeconomic downturn and mishandling several controversial issues. The Rebuilding Korea Party campaigned for an early end to Yoon's presidency, ^[19] with Cho Kuk pledging to turn Yoon into "first a lame duck, then a dead duck". ^[20]

Political parties

See also: List of political parties in South Korea

Parties		Leader	Ideology	Seats		Status
				Last election	Before election
	Democratic Party	Lee Jae-myung	Liberalism	178 / 300 [f]	156 / 300 [g]	Opposition
				3 / 300 [h]
	People Power Party	Han Dong-hoon	Conservatism	103 / 300 [i]	114 / 300 [j]	Government
				3 / 300 [k]
				1 / 300 [l]
	Green–Justice Party	Kim Jun-woo	Progressivism	6 / 300	6 / 300	Opposition
	New Future Party	Lee Nak-yon	Centrist reformism	Did not exist	5 / 300
	New Reform Party	Lee Jun-seok	Conservatism [21]	Did not exist	4 / 300
	Progressive Party	Yoon Hee-suk	Left-wing nationalism	0 / 300	1 / 300
	Liberal Unification Party	Chang Kyung-dong	Anti-communism	0 / 300	1 / 300	Government
	Rebuilding Korea Party	Cho Kuk	Liberalism	Did not exist	1 / 300	Opposition

Candidates

Electoral symbol		Parties		Candidates
Constituency	Proportional			Constituency (254)	Proportional (46)
1	—		Democratic Party	245 / 254	—
2	—		People Power Party	254 / 254	—
—	3		Democratic Alliance of Korea	—	30 / 46
—	4		People Future Party	—	35 / 46
5			Green–Justice Party	17 / 254	14 / 46
6			New Future Party	28 / 254	11 / 46
7			New Reform Party	43 / 254	10 / 46
7 or 8	8		Liberal Unification Party	10 / 254	18 / 46
7 or 8	—		Progressive Party	21 / 254	—
—	9		Rebuilding Korea Party	—	25 / 46

Lawmakers not standing for re-election

By 14 February 2024, a total of 16 current members of the National Assembly had announced their intention not to stand for re-election.

Number of lawmakers' retirements by party affiliation

Party		Lawmakers retiring
		Elected [m]	Current
	Democratic	13	10
	People Power	4	2
	Independent	0	3
	New Future	0	1
Total		16

Members of Parliament not standing for re-election

MP	Seat	First elected	Party		Date Announced
Woo Sang-ho	Seodaemun A	2004		Democratic	13 December 2020 [22]
Oh Yeong-hwan	Gyeonggi Uijeongbu A	2020		New Future	10 April 2023 [23]
Ha Young-je	Sacheon–Namhae–Hadong	2020		Independent	24 May 2023 [24]
Kim Nam-kuk	Ansan Danwon B	2020		Independent	22 August 2023 [25]
Park Byeong-seug	Seo A	2000		Democratic	6 November 2023 [26]
Kang Min-jung	Proportional	2020		Democratic	15 November 2023 [27]
Chang Je-won	Sasang	2008		People Power Party	12 December 2023 [28]
Lee Tahney	Yongin D	2020		Democratic	13 December 2023 [29]
Hong Sung-kook	Sejong A	2020		Democratic	13 December 2023 [30]
Kim Jin-pyo	Suwon E	2004		Independent (Incumbent Speaker)	4 January 2024 [31]
Kim Woong	Songpa A	2020		People Power Party	8 January 2024 [32]
Kim Min-ki	Yongin B	2012		Democratic	19 January 2024 [33]
Lim Jong-seong	Gwangju B	2016		Democratic
Kim Hong-gul	Proportional	2020		Democratic	22 January 2024 [34]
Choi Jong-yoon	Hanam	2020		Democratic	22 January 2024 [35]
In Jae-keun	Dobong A	2012		Democratic	14 February 2024 [35]
Lee Won-wook	Hwaseong B	2012		Democratic

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2024 South Korean legislative election

7 day moving average curve of the polling for the constituency vote with a 7-day average bar chart.

7 day moving average curve of the polling for the proportional vote with a 7-day average bar chart.

Conduct

Early voting opened on 5 April and lasted until 7 April. Among those who cast their votes early were People Power Party leader Han Dong-hoon, who voted in Seoul, and Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung, who voted in Daejeon. ^[36] At least 13.8 million voters participated in early voting, ^[12] equivalent to about 31% of the electorate. ^[37]

On election day, voting in 14,259 polling stations opened at 06:00 and closed at 18:00. ^{[37] [19]} Overall turnout was estimated at 67%, an increase of 0.8% from 2020, and the highest recorded for a legislative election in South Korea since 1992. ^[38]

Results

See also: List of members of the National Assembly (South Korea), 2024–2028

Exit polls indicated that the Democratic Party and its partner, the Democratic Alliance of Korea, would win between 168 and 197 seats in the National Assembly, while the People Power Party and its partner, the People Future Party, were expected to win between 85 and 111 seats. The Rebuilding Korea Party, which only contested proportional representation seats, was projected to win 15 seats. Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung was projected to keep his seat in Gyeyang B of Incheon against People Power Party candidate and former land minister Won Hee-ryong, winning 56.1% and 42.8% of the vote respectively. ^[39] The Justice Party failed to win seats for the first time since its foundation in 2012.

Among the elected candidates in proportional representation seats was Park Choong-kwon (representing the People Future Party), a North Korean defector who previously worked in the North Korean nuclear weapons programme before fleeing to the South in 2009. ^[40]

The election also saw the highest number of invalid votes cast for proportional representation seats since its introduction in 2004, with the National Electoral Commission tallying 1,309,931 such ballots, equivalent to 4.4% of votes cast. ^[41]

Party or alliance				Proportional			Constituency			Total seats
				Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats
	People Power Party / People Future Party			10,395,264	36.67	18	13,179,769	45.08	90	108
	Democratic Alliance		Democratic Party	7,567,459	26.70	8	14,758,083	50.48	161	169
			Progressive Party			2	302,925	1.04	1	3
			New Progressive Alliance [n]			2	14,271	0.05	0	2
			Independents			2				2
		Total				14	15,075,279	51.57	162	176
	Rebuilding Korea Party			6,874,278	24.25	12				12
	New Reform Party			1,025,775	3.62	2	195,147	0.67	1	3
	Liberal Unification Party			642,433	2.27	0	18,700	0.06	0	0
	Green–Justice Party			609,313	2.15	0	107,029	0.37	0	0
	New Future Party			483,827	1.71	0	200,502	0.69	1	1
	Pine Tree Party			124,369	0.44	0	18,939	0.06	0	0
	Grand National Party  [ ko ]			72,925	0.26	0				0
	National Revolutionary Party			67,420	0.24	0				0
	Saenuri Party			57,210	0.20	0				0
	Freedom and Democracy Party  [ ko ]			39,977	0.14	0	1,245	0.00	0	0
	Christian Party  [ ko ]			36,117	0.13	0	218	0.00	0	0
	Grand National Unity Party			30,323	0.11	0				0
	Our Republican Party			29,895	0.11	0	12,814	0.04	0	0
	Great Korea Party  [ ko ]			29,481	0.10	0				0
	Women's Party			28,942	0.10	0				0
	Hashtag People's Policy Party  [ ko ]			26,906	0.09	0				0
	Labor Party			25,937	0.09	0	7,465	0.03	0	0
	Financial Reform Party  [ ko ]			20,548	0.07	0				0
	Senior Welfare Party  [ ko ]			15,178	0.05	0				0
	Republican Party  [ ko ]			14,912	0.05	0				0
	Hongik Party  [ ko ]			13,326	0.05	0				0
	Korea Farmers and Fishermen's Party  [ ko ]			13,035	0.05	0	2,804	0.01	0	0
	Korea People's Party  [ ko ]			11,947	0.04	0	85	0.00	0	0
	Mirae Party			11,505	0.04	0				0
	New National Participation Party			10,242	0.04	0				0
	To Tomorrow, to the Future  [ ko ]			9,417	0.03	0	1,333	0.00	0	0
	Republic of Korea Party  [ ko ]			8,527	0.03	0				0
	Unification Korea Party  [ ko ]			8,518	0.03	0				0
	Let's Go Korea  [ ko ]			7,820	0.03	0				0
	Popular Democratic Party  [ ko ]			7,663	0.03	0				0
	Gihuminsaeng Party			6,615	0.02	0	778	0.00	0	0
	Party for the Abolition of Special Privileges  [ ko ]			4,707	0.02	0	54	0.00	0	0
	Korean Wave Union Party  [ ko ]			3,894	0.01	0				0
	Korea Business Party  [ ko ]			3,783	0.01	0				0
	K Political Innovation Union Party  [ ko ]			3,451	0.01	0				0
	New Korean Peninsula Party  [ ko ]			1,580	0.01	0				0
	Korean National Party  [ ko ]						1,917	0.01	0	0
	People's Democracy Party						290	0.00	0	0
	Independents						409,761	1.40	0	0
Total				28,344,519	100.00	46	29,234,129	100.00	254	300
Valid votes				28,344,519	95.58		29,234,129	98.63
Invalid/blank votes				1,309,931	4.42		406,790	1.37
Total votes				29,654,450	100.00		29,640,919	100.00
Registered voters/turnout				44,280,011	66.97		44,245,552	66.99
Source: KBS, Daum, NEC

By city/province

Seat tally and results by city/province

Constituency results by city/provinces

Region	PPP	DPK	NRP	NFP	Total seats
Seoul	11	37	0	0	48
Busan	17	1	0	0	18
Daegu	12	0	0	0	12
Incheon	2	12	0	0	14
Gwangju	0	8	0	0	8
Daejeon	0	7	0	0	7
Ulsan	4	2 [o]	0	0	6
Sejong	0	1	0	1	2
Gyeonggi	6	53	1	0	60
Gangwon	6	2	0	0	8
North Chungcheong	3	5	0	0	8
South Chungcheong	3	8	0	0	11
North Jeolla	0	10	0	0	10
South Jeolla	0	10	0	0	10
North Gyeongsang	13	0	0	0	13
South Gyeongsang	13	3	0	0	16
Jeju	0	3	0	0	3
Total	90	162	1	1	254

Party list vote results by city/provinces

Region	PPP	DPK	RKP	NRP	LUP	GJP	NFP	Other
Seoul	36.9	26.2	22.9	4.4	2.4	2.7	2.1	2.4
Busan	45.9	20.8	22.5	3.2	2.3	1.6	1.3	2.5
Daegu	60.2	13.7	11.8	4.7	3.0	1.9	1.2	3.5
Incheon	34.9	30.0	22.7	3.3	2.5	2.3	1.8	2.6
Gwangju	5.8	36.3	47.7	2.3	0.7	1.5	2.9	2.9
Daejeon	35.5	27.7	24.0	3.8	2.7	1.9	2.1	2.3
Ulsan	41.8	24.2	22.2	3.2	1.8	2.0	1.4	3.4
Sejong	29.9	25.1	30.9	4.7	1.8	2.1	3.4	2.2
Gyeonggi	33.9	29.1	24.3	4.1	2.4	2.2	1.7	2.3
Gangwon	43.6	24.9	20.1	3.1	2.3	2.0	1.3	2.9
North Chungcheong	39.1	27.5	21.9	3.1	2.2	2.1	1.4	2.8
South Chungcheong	39.0	28.3	21.1	2.9	2.5	2.0	1.4	2.8
North Jeolla	8.5	37.6	45.5	2.0	1.1	1.5	1.6	2.3
South Jeolla	6.6	39.9	44.0	2.0	0.9	1.4	2.3	3.0
North Gyeongsang	60.2	14.7	11.7	3.2	3.1	1.9	1.1	4.0
South Gyeongsang	46.2	21.5	20.5	3.0	2.0	2.2	1.2	3.3
Jeju	31.4	28.3	27.9	3.0	1.3	4.1	1.5	2.5
Overall total	36.7	26.7	24.3	3.6	2.3	2.1	1.7	2.7
Seat allocation	18	14	12	2	0	0	0	0

By constituency

Province/city	Constituency	Result		Incumbent		Winner		Lead (%)
Seoul	Jongno		Democratic gain from People Power		Choi Jae-hyung		Kwak Sang-eon	6.8
	Jung–Seongdong A		Democratic hold		Hong Ihk-pyo		Jeon Hyun-hee	5.2
	Jung–Seongdong B		Democratic hold		Park Sung-joon			2.3
	Yongsan		People Power hold		Kwon Young-se			4.8
	Gwangjin A		Democratic gain from Independent		Jeon Hye-sook		Lee Jeong-heon	5.0
	Gwangjin B		Democratic hold		Ko Min-jung			3.9
	Dongdaemun A		Democratic hold		Ahn Gyu-back			8.4
	Dongdaemun B		Democratic hold		Jang Kyung-tae			9.2
	Jungnang A		Democratic hold		Seo Young-kyo			23.8
	Jungnang B		Democratic hold		Park Hong-keun			15.4
	Seongbuk A		Democratic hold		Kim Young-bae			16.6
	Seongbuk B		Democratic hold		Ki Dong-min		Kim Nam-geun	13.6
	Gangbuk A		Democratic hold		Chun Joon-ho			14.4
	Gangbuk B		Democratic hold		Park Yong-jin		Han Min-su	11.4
	Dobong A		People Power gain from Democratic		In Jae-keun		Kim Jae-seop	1.1
	Dobong B		Democratic hold		Oh Gi-hyung			5.6
	Nowon A		Democratic hold		Koh Yong-jin		Woo Won-shik	18.0
	Nowon B		Democratic hold		Woo Won-shik		Kim Sung-hwan	19.2
	Eunpyeong A		Democratic hold		Park Joo-min			21.6
	Eunpyeong B		Democratic hold		Kang Byung-won		Kim Woo-young	17.4
	Seodaemun A		Democratic hold		Woo Sang-ho		Kim Dong-a	7.3
	Seodaemun B		Democratic hold		Kim Yeong-ho			15.2
	Mapo A		People Power gain from Democratic		Noh Woong-rae		Cho Jung-hun	0.6
	Mapo B		Democratic hold		Jung Chung-rae			13.6
	Yangcheon A		Democratic hold		Hwang Hee			1.6
	Yangcheon B		Democratic hold		Lee Yong-seon			15.0
	Gangseo A		Democratic hold		Kang Sun-woo			19.8
	Gangseo B		Democratic hold		Jin Seong-jun			9.7
	Gangseo C		Democratic hold		Han Jeoung-ae			18.2
	Guro A		Democratic hold		Lee In-young			11.4
	Guro B		Democratic hold		Youn Kun-young			19.8
	Geumcheon		Democratic hold		Choi Ki-sang			18.0
	Yeongdeungpo A		Democratic gain from People Power		Kim Young-joo		Chae Hyeon-il	12.8
	Yeongdeungpo B		Democratic hold		Kim Min-seok			1.2
	Dongjak A		Democratic hold		Kim Byung-kee			5.5
	Dongjak B		People Power gain from Independent		Lee Su-jin		Na Kyung-won	8.0
	Gwanak A		Democratic hold		Yoo Ki-hong		Park Min-gyu	14.2
	Gwanak B		Democratic hold		Jeong Tae-ho			19.2
	Seocho A		People Power hold		Cho Eun-hee			36.8
	Seocho B		People Power hold		Park Sung-joong		Shin Dong-uk	15.0
	Gangnam A		People Power hold		Thae Yong-ho		Seo Myeong-ok	28.4
	Gangnam B		People Power hold		Park Jin		Pak Soo-min	17.2
	Gangnam C		People Power hold		Yu Kyung-jun		Ko Dong-jin	33.5
	Songpa A		People Power hold		Kim Woong		Park Jeong-hun	7.1
	Songpa B		People Power hold		Bae Hyun-jin			14.4
	Songpa C		Democratic hold		Nam In-soon			2.0
	Gangdong A		Democratic hold		Jin Sun-mee			2.2
	Gangdong B		Democratic hold		Lee Hae-sik			8.8
Busan	Jung–Yeongdo		People Power gain from Liberal Unification		Hwangbo Seung-hee		Cho Seung-hwan	11.3
	Seo–Dong		People Power hold		Ahn Byung-gil		Kwak Gyu-thaek	16.0
	Busanjin A		People Power hold		Suh Byung-soo		Chong Seong-guk	5.6
	Busanjin B		People Power hold		Lee Hun-seung			9.6
	Dongnae		People Power hold		Kim Hee-gon		Seo Ji-young	11.1
	Nam		People Power gain	New constituency			Park Soo-young	8.8
	Buk A		Democratic gain	New constituency			Chun Jae-soo	5.6
	Buk B		People Power gain	New constituency			Park Seong-hun	5.2
	Haeundae A		People Power hold		Ha Tae-keung		Joo Jin-u	9.1
	Haeundae B		People Power hold		Kim Mee-ae			16.6
	Saha A		People Power gain from Democratic		Choi In-ho		Lee Sang-gwon	0.8
	Saha B		People Power hold		Cho Kyoung-tae			13.2
	Geumjeong		People Power hold		Paik Jong-hun			13.2
	Gangseo		People Power gain	New constituency			Kim Do-eup	11.2
	Yeonje		People Power hold		Lee Joo-hwan		Kim Hee-jeong	8.8
	Suyeong		People Power hold		Chun Bong-min		Chong Yeon-uk	9.8
	Sasang		People Power hold		Chang Je-won		Kim Dae-shik	5.2
	Gijang		People Power hold		Chung Dong-man			4.6
Daegu	Jung–Nam		People Power hold		Im Byeong-heon		Kim Ki-ung	31.7
	Dong–Gunwi A		People Power gain	New constituency			Choi Eun-seok	49.0
	Dong–Gunwi B		People Power gain	New constituency			Kang Dae-sik	56.6
	Seo		People Power hold		Kim Sang-hoon			44.0
	Buk A		People Power hold		Yang Geum-hee		Woo Jae-jun	44.1
	Buk B		People Power hold		Kim Seung-soo			42.4
	Suseong A		People Power hold		Joo Ho-young			35.3
	Suseong B		People Power hold		Lee In-seon			57.2
	Dalseo A		People Power hold		Hong Seok-joon		Yoo Young-ha	42.8
	Dalseo B		People Power hold		Yoon Jae-ok			45.0
	Dalseo C		People Power hold		Kim Yong-pan		Kwon Young-jin	50.3
	Dalseong		People Power hold		Choo Kyung-ho			50.6
Incheon	Jung–Ganghwa–Ongjin		People Power hold		Bae Jun-yeong			11.1
	Dong–Michuhol A		Democratic hold		Heo Jong-sik			7.4
	Dong–Michuhol B		People Power hold		Yoon Sang-hyun			0.9
	Yeonsu A		Democratic hold		Park Chan-dae			6.3
	Yeonsu B		Democratic hold		Chung Il-yung			3.0
	Namdong A		Democratic hold		Maeng Sung-kyu			16.7
	Namdong B		Democratic gain from Independent		Youn Kwan-suk		Lee Hun-gi	9.0
	Bupyeong A		Democratic gain from Independent		Lee Seong-man		No Jong-myeon	10.4
	Bupyeong B		Democratic gain from New Future		Hong Young-pyo		Park Seon-won	12.6
	Gyeyang A		Democratic hold		Yoo Dong-soo			16.6
	Gyeyang B		Democratic hold		Lee Jae-myung			8.6
	Seo A		Democratic hold		Kim Kyo-heung			17.2
	Seo B		Democratic hold		Shin Dong-kun		Lee Yong-u	13.0
	Seo C		Democratic gain	New constituency			Mo Kyeong-jong	18.0
Gwangju	Dong–Nam A		Democratic hold		Yoon Young-deok		Chung Jin-uk	77.4
	Dong–Nam B		Democratic hold		Lee Byeong-hoon		Ahn Do-geol	54.1
	Seo A		Democratic hold		Song Kap-seok		Cho In-cheol	51.0
	Seo B		Democratic gain from New Reform		Yang Hyang-ja		Yang Bu-nam	56.7
	Buk A		Democratic hold		Cho Oh-seop		Jeong Jun-ho	75.0
	Buk B		Democratic hold		Lee Hyung-seok		Jun Jin-sook	55.8
	Gwangsan A		Democratic hold		Lee Yong-bin		Park Kyoon-taek	74.7
	Gwangsan B		Democratic hold		Min Hyung-bae			62.3
Daejeon	Dong		Democratic hold		Jang Cheol-min			8.3
	Jung		Democratic gain from Rebuilding Korea		Hwang Un-ha		Park Yong-gab	4.2
	Seo A		Democratic hold		Park Byeong-seug		Jang Jong-tae	11.4
	Seo B		Democratic hold		Park Beom-kye			11.7
	Yuseong A		Democratic hold		Cho Seung-rae			16.0
	Yuseong B		Democratic gain from People Power		Lee Sang-min		Hwang Jung-a	22.6
	Daedeok		Democratic gain from New Future		Park Young-soon		Park Jeong-hyeon	7.9
Ulsan	Jung		People Power hold		Park Seong-min			12.9
	Nam A		People Power hold		Lee Chae-ik		Kim Sang-wook	11.2
	Nam B		People Power hold		Kim Gi-hyeon			12.4
	Dong		Democratic gain from People Power		Kwon Myeong-ho		Kim Tae-seon	0.7
	Buk		Progressive gain from Independent		Lee Sang-heon		Yoon Jong-o	12.2
	Ulju		People Power hold		Seo Beom-soo			7.0
Sejong	Sejong A		New Future gain from Democratic		Hong Seong-guk		Kim Jong-min	13.8
	Sejong B		Democratic hold		Kang Jun-hyeon			18.7
Gyeonggi Province	Suwon A		Democratic hold		Kim Seung-won			13.3
	Suwon B		Democratic hold		Baek Hye-ryun			23.4
	Suwon C		Democratic hold		Kim Young-joon		Kim Young-jin	10.8
	Suwon D		Democratic hold		Park Kwang-on		Kim Jun-hyuck	1.8
	Suwon E		Democratic hold		Kim Jin-pyo		Yeom Tae-yeong	18.0
	Sujeong, Seongnam		Democratic hold		Kim Tae-nyeon			16.8
	Jungwon, Seongnam		Democratic hold		Yoon Young-chan		Lee Soo-jin	20.2
	Bundang A, Seongnam		People Power hold		Ahn Cheol-soo			6.6
	Bundang B, Seongnam		People Power gain from Democratic		Kim Byeong-uk		Kim Eun-hye	2.2
	Uijeongbu A		Democratic gain from New Future		Oh Young-hwan		Park Jee-hye	11.5
	Uijeongbu B		Democratic hold		Kim Min-cheol		Lee Jae-kang	10.6
	Manan, Anyang		Democratic hold		Kang Deuk-ku			13.8
	Dongan A, Anyang		Democratic hold		Min Byeong-deok			14.6
	Dongan B, Anyang		Democratic hold		Lee Jae-jung			7.8
	Bucheon A		Democratic hold		Kim Gyeong-hyeop		Seo Young-seok	22.2
	Bucheon B		Democratic gain from New Future		Sul Hoon		Kim Gi-pyo	18.0
	Bucheon C		Democratic hold		Kim Sang-hee		Lee Geon-tae	16.4
	Gwangmyeong A		Democratic hold		Lim O-kyeong			17.4
	Gwangmyeong B		Democratic hold		Yang Gi-dae		Kim Nam-hee	19.2
	Pyeongtaek A		Democratic hold		Hong Gi-won			14.8
	Pyeongtaek B		Democratic gain from People Power		Yoo Ui-dong		Lee Byeong-jin	8.4
	Pyeongtaek C		Democratic gain	New constituency			Kim Hyun-jung	9.3
	Dongducheon–Yangju–Yeoncheon A		People Power gain	New constituency			Jeong Seong-ho	20.6
	Dongducheon–Yangju–Yeoncheon B		Democratic gain	New constituency			Kim Seong-won	7.4
	Ansan A		Democratic gain	New constituency			Yang Moon-seok	11.2
	Ansan B		Democratic gain	New constituency			Kim Hyun	18.2
	Ansan C		Democratic gain	New constituency			Park Hae-cheol	11.1
	Goyang A		Democratic gain from Green-Justice		Sim Sang-jung		Kim Sung-hoi	10.0
	Goyang B		Democratic hold		Han Jun-ho			23.9
	Goyang C		Democratic hold		Hong Jung-min		Lee Ki-heon	8.2
	Goyang D		Democratic hold		Lee Yong-woo		Kim Young-hwan	9.8
	Uiwang–Gwacheon		Democratic hold		Lee So-young			8.8
	Guri		Democratic hold		Yun Ho-jung			10.7
	Namyangju A		Democratic gain from New Reform		Cho Eung-cheon		Choi Min-hee	15.4
	Namyangju B		Democratic hold		Kim Han-jeong		Kim Byeong-ju	16.1
	Namyangju C		Democratic hold		Kim Yong-min			12.4
	Osan		Democratic hold		An Min-seok		Cha Ji-ho	18.0
	Siheung A		Democratic hold		Moon Jeong-bok			22.5
	Siheung B		Democratic hold		Cho Jeong-sik			16.9
	Gunpo		Democratic hold		Lee Hak-young			13.8
	Hanam A		Democratic gain	New constituency			Choo Mi-ae	1.2
	Hanam B		Democratic gain	New constituency			Kim Yong-man	7.9
	Yongin A		Democratic gain	Vacant			Lee Sang-sik	6.4
	Yongin B		Democratic hold		Kim Min-gi		Son Myoung-soo	14.0
	Yongin C		Democratic hold		Jung Choun-sook		Boo Seung-chan	0.6
	Yongin D		Democratic hold		Lee Tahney		Lee Un-ju	4.2
	Paju A		Democratic hold		Yoon Hu-deok			26.8
	Paju B		Democratic hold		Park Jeong			9.6
	Icheon		People Power hold		Song Seok-jun			2.6
	Anseong		Democratic gain from People Power		Kim Hak-young		Yoon Jong-kun	3.3
	Gimpo A		Democratic hold		Kim Ju-young			8.6
	Gimpo B		Democratic hold		Park Sang-hyuk			11.0
	Hwaseong A		Democratic hold		Song Ok-ju			11.8
	Hwaseong B		New Reform hold		Lee Won-uk		Lee Jun-seok	2.7
	Hwaseong C		Democratic hold		Kwon Chil-seung			24.4
	Hwaseong D		Democratic gain	New constituency			Jeon Yong-gi	21.6
	Gwangju A		Democratic hold		So Byeong-hoon			12.6
	Gwangju B		Democratic gain	Vacant			An Tae-jun	10.2
	Pocheon–Gapyeong		People Power hold		Choi Chun-sik		Kim Yong-tae	2.1
	Yeoju–Yangpyeong		People Power gain	Vacant			Kim Seon-kyo	7.2
Gangwon Province	Chuncheon–Cheorwon–Hwacheon–Yanggu A		Democratic hold		Heo Young			8.9
	Chuncheon–Cheorwon–Hwacheon–Yanggu B		People Power hold		Han Gi-ho			12.4
	Wonju A		People Power hold		Park Jeong-ha			1.4
	Wonju B		Democratic hold		Song Ki-hun			8.2
	Gangneung		People Power hold		Kwon Seong-dong			10.9
	Donghae–Taebaek–Samcheok–Jeongseon		People Power hold		Lee Cheol-gyu			24.7
	Sokcho–Goseong–Yangyang–Inje		People Power hold		Lee Yang-soo			11.7
	Hongcheon–Hoengseong–Yeongwol–Pyeongchang		People Power hold		Yoo Sang-beom			15.4
North Chungcheong Province	Sangdang, Cheongju		Democratic gain from People Power		Chung Woo-taik		Lee Kang-il	5.3
	Seowon, Cheongju		Democratic hold		Lee Jang-seop		Lee Goang-hee	5.0
	Heungdeok, Cheongju		Democratic hold		Doh Jong-hwan		Lee Yeon-hee	7.2
	Cheongwon, Cheongju		Democratic hold		Byeon Jae-il		Song Jae-bong	6.6
	Chungju		People Power hold		Lee Jong-bae			2.2
	Jecheon–Danyang		People Power hold		Eom Tae-young			8.0
	Boeun–Okcheon–Yeongdong–Goesan		People Power hold		Park Duk-hyum			5.8
	Jeungpyeong–Jincheon–Eumseong		Democratic hold		Lim Ho-seon			8.0
South Chungcheong Province	Cheonan A		Democratic hold		Moon Jin-seok			3.5
	Cheonan B		Democratic gain from Independent		Park Wan-ju		Lee Jae-kwan	13.3
	Cheonan C		Democratic hold		Lee Jeong-mun			13.6
	Gongju–Buyeo–Cheongyang		Democratic gain from People Power		Chung Jin-suk		Park Soo-hyun	2.3
	Boryeong–Seocheon		People Power hold		Jang Dong-hyeok			4.1
	Asan A		Democratic gain from People Power		Lee Myeong-su		Bok Ki-wang	9.7
	Asan B		Democratic hold		Kang Hun-sik			20.8
	Seosan–Taean		People Power hold		Seong Il-jong			3.1
	Nonsan–Gyeryong–Geumsan		Democratic gain from New Future		Kim Jong-min		Hwang Myong-sun	3.7
	Dangjin		Democratic hold		Eo Gi-gu			3.6
	Hongseong–Yesan		People Power hold		Hong Mun-pyo		Kang Seung-kyu	9.7
North Jeolla Province	Jeonju A		Democratic hold		Kim Yoon-deok			65.6
	Jeonju B		Democratic gain from Progressive		Kang Sung-hee		Lee Seong-yoon	45.8
	Jeonju C		Democratic hold		Kim Seong-ju		Chung Dong-young	69.8
	Gunsan-Gimje–Buan A		Democratic gain	New constituency			Shin Young-dae	73.4
	Gunsan-Gimje–Buan B		Democratic gain	New constituency			Lee Won-taek	77.0
	Iksan A		Democratic hold		Kim Su-heung		Lee Choon-suak	67.0
	Iksan B		Democratic hold		Han Byeong-do			75.9
	Jeongeup–Gochang		Democratic hold		Yoon Jun-byeong			76.4
	Namwon–Jangsu–Imsil–Sunchang		Democratic gain	New constituency			Park Hee-seung	72.1
	Wanju–Jinan–Muju		Democratic gain	New constituency			Ahn Ho-young	68.4
South Jeolla Province	Mokpo		Democratic hold		Kim Won-i			57.7
	Yeosu A		Democratic hold		Jo Cheol-hyeon			77.8
	Yeosu B		Democratic hold		Kim Hoi-jae		Cho Gye-won	45.6
	Suncheon–Gwangyang–Gokseong–Gurye A		Democratic hold		So Byeong-cheol		Kim Moon-soo	46.3
	Suncheon–Gwangyang–Gokseong–Gurye B		Democratic hold		Seo Dong-yong		Kwon Hyang-yeop	46.4
	Naju–Hwasun		Democratic hold		Shin Jeong-hun			51.9
	Damyang–Hampyeong–Yeonggwang–Jangseong		Democratic hold		Lee Gae-ho			20.6
	Goheung–Boseong–Jangheung–Gangjin		Democratic hold		Kim Seung-nam		Mun Geum-ju	81.4
	Haenam–Wando–Jindo		Democratic hold		Yun Jae-kap		Park Jie-won	84.7
	Yeongam–Muan–Sinan		Democratic hold		Seo Sam-seok			48.7
North Gyeongsang Province	Buk, Pohang		People Power hold		Kim Jeong-jae			33.4
	Nam, Pohang-Ulleung		People Power hold		Kim Byeong-uk		Lee Sang-hwi	40.0
	Gyeongju		People Power hold		Kim Seok-ki			41.5
	Gimcheon		People Power hold		Song Eon-seok			42.6
	Andong–Yecheon		People Power hold		Kim Hyeong-dong			38.6
	Gumi A		People Power hold		Gu Ja-geun			45.2
	Gumi B		People Power hold		Kim Young-sik		Kang Myeon-ku	31.9
	Yeongju–Yeongyang–Bonghwa		People Power gain	New constituency			Lim Jong-deuk	47.4
	Yeongcheon–Cheongdo		People Power hold		Lee Man-hee			43.4
	Sangju–Mungyeong		People Power hold		Lim Lee-ja			58.8
	Gyeongsan		People Power hold		Yoon Du-hyeon		Cho Ji-yeon	1.1
	Uiseong–Cheongsong–Yeongdeok–Uljin		People Power gain	New constituency			Park Hyeong-soo	66.6
	Goryeong–Seongju–Chilgok		People Power hold		Jeong Hee-yong			54.7
South Gyeongsang Province	Uichang, Changwon		People Power hold		Kim Yeong-seon		Kim Jong-yang	14.6
	Seongsan, Changwon		Democratic gain from People Power		Kang Ki-youn		Heo Seong-moo	0.7
	Masanhappo, Changwon		People Power hold		Choi Hyeong-du			28.0
	Masanhoewon, Changwon		People Power hold		Yoon Han-hong			19.6
	Jinhae, Changwon		People Power hold		Lee Dal-gon		Lee Jong-uk	0.4
	Jinju A		People Power hold		Park Dae-chul			16.6
	Jinju B		People Power hold		Kang Min-gook			25.9
	Tongyeong–Goseong		People Power hold		Jeong Jeom-sik			23.0
	Sacheon–Namhae–Hadong		People Power gain from Independent		Ha Young-je		Seo Cheon-ho	23.3
	Gimhae A		Democratic hold		Min Hong-cheol			5.0
	Gimhae B		Democratic hold		Kim Jeong-ho			12.4
	Miryang–Uiryeong–Haman–Changnyeong		People Power hold		Cho Hae-jin		Park Sang-woong	33.7
	Geoje		People Power hold		Seo Il-jun			4.5
	Yangsan A		People Power hold		Yoon Young-seok			8.8
	Yangsan B		People Power gain from Democratic		Kim Doo-kwan		Kim Tae-ho	2.1
	Sancheong–Hamyang–Geochang–Hapcheon		People Power hold		Kim Tae-ho		Shin Sung-beom	42.0
Jeju Province	Jeju A		Democratic hold		Song Jae-ho		Moon Dae-rim	25.8
	Jeju B		Democratic hold		Kim Han-gyu			32.6
	Seogwipo		Democratic hold		Wi Seong-gon			8.0
Source: Yonhap News Agency

By proportional representation list

Party		Candidates	Elected	Elected candidates
	People Future Party [42]	35	18	Park Chung-kwon Choi Soo-jin Jin Jong-oh Kang Sun-young Kim Geon Kim So-hee Ihn Yo-han Kim Min-jeon Kim Ui-sang Han Ji-ah Yoo Yong-won Cho Bae-sook Kim Jang-gyum Kim Yea-ji Ahn Sang-hoon Lee Dal-hee Park Jun-tae
	Democratic Alliance [43]	30	14	Seo Mi-hwa (Independent) Wi Sung-rak (Democratic Party) Baek Seung-a (Democratic Party) Lim Gwang-hyeon (Democratic Party) Jeong Hye-kyung (Progressive Party) Yong Hye-in (New Progressive Alliance) Oh Se-hee (Democratic Party) Park Hong-bae (Democratic Party) Kang You-jung (Democratic Party) Han Chang-min (New Progressive Alliance) Jeon Jong-deok (Progressive Party) Kim Yoon (Independent) Lim Mi-ae (Democratic Party) Jeong Eul-ho (Democratic Party)
	Rebuilding Korea Party [42]	25	12	Park Eun-jeong Cho Kuk Lee Hai-min Shin Jang-sik Kim Seon-min Kim Jun-hyeong Kim Jae-won Hwang Un-ha Jung Choon-saeng Cha Kyu-geun Kang Gyeong-sook Seo Wang-jin
	New Reform Party [42]	10	2	Lee Joo-young Cheon Ha-ram
	Liberal Unification Party [42]	20	0
	Green–Justice Party [42]	14	0
	New Future Party [42]	11	0
	Pine Tree Party [44]	8	0
	Grand National Party [44]	8	0
	National Revolutionary Party [44]	10	0
	Saenuri Party [44]	1	0
	Freedom and Democracy Party [44]	7	0
	Christian Party [44]	2	0
	Grand National Unity Party [44]	2	0
	Our Republican Party [44]	8	0
	Great Korea Party [44]	7	0
	Women's Party [44]	1	0
	Hashtag People's Policy Party [44]	1	0
	Labor Party [44]	2	0
	Financial Reform Party [44]	1	0
	Senior Welfare Party [44]	5	0
	Republican Party [44]	1	0
	Hongik Party [44]	2	0
	Korea Farmers and Fishermen's Party [44]	2	0
	Korea People's Party [44]	4	0
	To Tomorrow, to the Future [44]	7	0
	Republic of Korea Party [44]	2	0
	Unification Korea Party [44]	2	0
	Let's Go Korea [44]	2	0
	Popular Democratic Party [44]	5	0
	Gihuminsaeng Party [44]	1	0
	Party for the Abolition of Special Privileges [44]	2	0
	Korean Wave Union Party [44]	3	0
	Korea Business Party [44]	4	0
	K Political Innovation Union Party [44]	4	0
	New Korean Peninsula Party [44]	2	0

Voter turnout by region

Voter turnout by province (accumulate) ^[45]

Region	Electorate	Early Vote				Overall
		5 April		6 April		10 April
		Voter	%	Voter	%	Voter	%
Seoul	8,310,021	1,315,890	15.83	2,711,316	32.63	5,758,313	69.3
Busan	2,884,261	427,839	14.83	852,871	29.57	1,947,669	67.5
Daegu	2,051,656	251,503	12.26	525,222	25.60	1,312,872	64.0
Incheon	2,582,765	374,537	14.50	776,408	30.06	1,686,974	65.3
Gwangju	1,199,920	239,483	19.96	455,962	38.00	818,372	68.2
Daejeon	1,236,801	181,300	14.66	374,206	30.26	819,636	66.3
Ulsan	934,661	138,305	14.80	281,659	30.13	625,088	66.9
Sejong	301,297	51,184	16.99	110,888	36.80	211,405	70.2
Gyeonggi	11,595,385	1,627,194	14.03	3,425,648	29.54	7,732,236	66.7
Gangwon	1,331,959	235,574	17.69	434,704	32.64	887,434	66.6
North Chungcheong	1,372,679	215,419	15.69	420,624	30.64	895,768	65.2
South Chungcheong	1,825,472	286,637	15.70	552,098	30.24	1,185,939	65.0
North Jeolla	1,517,738	324,150	21.36	583,724	38.46	1,022,602	67.4
South Jeolla	1,565,232	370,442	23.67	644,774	41.19	1,080,202	69.0
North Gyeongsang	2,224,011	361,141	16.24	683,836	30.75	1,447,739	65.1
South Gyeongsang	2,779,542	424,367	15.27	853,610	30.71	1,877,784	67.6
Jeju	566,611	85,545	15.10	161,493	28.50	352,541	62.2
Overall total	44,280,011	6,910,510	15.61	13,849,043	31.28	29,662,313	67.0

Incumbents who lost re-election

Members of Parliament who lost re-election

MP	Seat	First elected	Party		New MP	New party
Kim Hack-yong	Anseong	2008 [p]		People Power	Yoon Jong-kun		Democratic
Sul Hoon [q]	Bucheon B	1996 [r]		New Future	Kim Gi-pyo		Democratic
Kim Byung-wook	Bundang B	2016		Democratic	Kim Eun-hye		People Power
Hong Young-pyo [q]	Bupyeong B	2009 by-election		New Future	Park Seon-won		Democratic
Kang Gi-yun	Changwon Seongsan	2012 [s]		People Power	Heo Seong-moo		Democratic
Park Young-soon [q]	Daedeok	2020		New Future	Park Jeong-hyeon		Democratic
Kwon Myung-ho	Dong, Ulsan	2020		People Power	Kim Tae-sun		Democratic
Chung Jin-suk	Gongju–Buyeo–Cheongyang	2000 [t]		People Power	Park Soo-hyun		Democratic
Sim Sang-jeong	Goyang A	2004 [u]		Justice	Kim Sung-hoi		Democratic
Thae Yong-ho	Guro A [v]	2020		People Power	Lee In-young [w]		Democratic
Lee Won-uk [q]	Hwaseong D	2012		New Reform Party	Jeon Yong-gi		Democratic
Kang Sung-hee	Jeonju B	2023 by-election		Progressive	Lee Sung-yoon		Democratic
Choi Jae-hyung	Jongno	2022 (March) by-election		People Power	Kwak Sang-eon		Democratic
Park Jae-ho	Nam District, Busan	2016		Democratic	Park Soo-young		People Power
Cho Eung-chun [q]	Namyangju A	2016		New Reform Party	Choi Min-hee		Democratic
Hwangbo Seung-hee [x]	Proportional Representation [y]	2020		Liberal Unification Party	Not applicable
Choi In-ho	Saha A	2016		Democratic	Lee Sang-gwon		People Power
Kim Doo-kwan	Yangsan B	2016 [z]		Democratic	Kim Tae-ho		People Power
Kim Young-joo	Yeongdeungpo A	2004 [aa]		People Power	Chae Hyeon-il		Democratic
Yang Hyang-ja [q]	Yongin A	2020		New Reform Party	Lee Sang-sik		Democratic
Lee Sang-min	Yuseong B	2004		People Power	Hwang Jung-a		Democratic

Reactions

Following the release of exit polls, Han Dong-hoon expressed disappointment over the People Power Party's losses in the election. ^[46] Cho Kuk called the results of the Rebuilding Korea Party's campaign the "victory of the people" and said it showed the people can "no longer put up with the regression" of the Yoon administration. Cho also called on President Yoon to "apologize for the numerous misdeeds and corruption", and pledged to introduce a special investigation bill against Han Dong-hoon once the new session of the National Assembly is formed. ^[47] Lee Jae-myung expressed thanks for the Democratic Party's showing, calling it "a great victory for our people", and said the party will "humbly watch the people's choices to the end". ^{[48] [49]}

On 11 April Prime Minister Han Duck-soo, presidential chief of staff Lee Kwan-sup, ^[50] and other senior presidential advisers, with the exception of those in charge of security issues, offered their resignations to Yoon, who pledged to "humbly uphold" the election result and focus on improving the economy and reforming state affairs. In a separate statement, Han Dong-hoon also resigned as head of the People Power Party and took responsibility for its defeat in the election. ^[51] That same day, Green-Justice leader Sim Sang-jung announced her retirement from politics. Sim, who ran twice for president in 2017 and 2021, was a four-term lawmaker under various minor left-wing parties. In her announcement, Sim assumed responsibility for the party losing all six seats and falling below the 3% required for proportional representation. ^[52]

In his first public remarks since the election on 16 April, President Yoon reiterated his acceptance of the election result and pledged to "communicate more with a humbler and more flexible attitude, and be the first to listen carefully to the public sentiment." ^[53]

Analysis

According to Shin Yul, a professor of political science at Myongji University, the election results would likely lead to "extreme confrontation", stating that it "won't be easy for people to see bipartisan cooperation". ^[54]

Overall, the opposition bloc (including the Rebuilding Korea Party and New Future, which are both led by former members of the Democratic Party and are considerably anti-Yoon) ^[55] did not receive enough seats to threaten the impeachment of Yoon, which would have required a two-thirds majority, or 200 seats. They won a combined total of 189 against the government alliance and New Reform (who are more moderately conservative and big tent) total of 111. Nevertheless, the election result, and overwhelming majority in favor of the governmental opposition, was enough to effectively block any government plans going into the future. The Diplomat described Yoon Suk-yeol as a "lame duck" for his remaining three years in office. ^[56] Chae Jin-won of Humanitas College at Kyung Hee University stated that "If Yoon can't find a way to work with the opposition, there is a likelihood of impeachment, which some factions in the ruling party may comply with for the sake of their own political futures." ^[57]

See also

• List of members of the National Assembly (South Korea), 2024–2028
• 2024 North Korean parliamentary election

Notes

1. with People Future contesting PR seats
2. For the proportional seats
3. Known as Democratic/Platform Party
4. Known as United Future/Future Korea Party
5. Including the Basic Income Party in seat totals, which only won seats through the Democratic Alliance proportional list. The Progressive Party won a separate FPTP district, and ran against the DPK in certain provinces.
6. 163 – Democratic Party; 15 – Platform Party
7. 142 – Democratic Party; 14 – Democratic Alliance
8. Open Democratic Party
9. 84 – United Future Party; 19 – Future Korea Party
10. 101 – People Power Party; 13 – People Future Party
11. People Party
12. Transition Korea
13. Party affiliation of retiring MPs at the time of the 2020 legislative election.
14. Alliance of the Basic Income Party, the Social Democratic Party and the Open Democratic Party
15. Including one seat for the Progressive Party.
16. Kim lost his seat in 2020 but was re-elected through a by-election in March 2022
17. Originally elected as a member of the Democratic Party
18. Sul was initially elected in Dobong B from 1996 to 2004. He did not stand for election in 2004 or 2008, but did stand in 2012 in Bucheon Wonmi B. This seat was renamed Bucheon B in 2016.
19. Kang was first elected in 2012, but lost his seat in 2016 and was re-elected in 2020
20. Chung moved to proportional representation in 2008, resigning in 2010 to become the Senior Political Secretary to the President, and then lost in Seoul's Jung Distrist in 2012. He was re-elected in this district in 2016 and 2020
21. Sim was initially elected under proportional representation in 2004, losing her seat in 2008. She was elected to this seat in 2012 and re-elected in 2016 and 2020.
22. Thae had represented Gangnam A as an incumbent, but ran for re-election in Guro A.
23. Lee was the incumbent in Guro A.
24. Originally elected as a member of the People Power Party
25. Originally elected as constituency member for Jung-Yeongdo
26. Kim was first elected at Gimpo A District in 2016 but was re-elected in 2020 at Yangsan B District
27. Kim was originally elected as a proportional member in 2004. She ran for Yeondeungpo A in 2008, being defeated, before being elected in the same district in 2012 and re-elected in 2016 and 2020.

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