1981 South Korean legislative election

Last updated

1981 South Korean legislative election
Flag of South Korea (1949-1984).svg
  1978 25 March 1981 1985  

All 276 seats in the National Assembly
139 seats needed for a majority
Turnout77.74% (Increase2.svg 0.66pp)
PartyLeader%Seats+/–
Democratic Justice Chun Doo-hwan 35.64151New
Democratic Korea Yu Chi-song 21.5781New
National Kim Jong-cheol  [ ko ]13.2525New
Civil Rights Kim Eui-taek 6.722New
New Politics Kim Gapp-soo 4.182New
Democratic Socialist Ko Jeong-hoon 3.242New
Democratic Farmer's 1.411New
Peaceful People 0.891New
Independents 10.7011−11
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Republic of Korea legislative election 1981 districts result.png
Results by constituency
Speaker beforeSpeaker after
Dissolution of parliament Jung Rae Hyuk
Democratic Justice

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 25 March 1981. [1]

Contents

The result was a victory for the Democratic Justice Party, which won 151 of the 276 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was 77.7%.

The election was held under the influence of Coup d'état of 1979 and 1980. Major opposition political figures like Kim Young-sam were barred from running. Kim Dae-jung was arrested on May 17, 1980, and was sentenced to death on a of "inciting rebellion". Even the Democratic Republican Party of the late president Park Chung-hee was forcibly dissolved, and major figures like Kim Jong-pil was barred from running.

The election, while ostensibly a multi-party election, is widely considered to have been a fraudulent one, with supposed "opposition" politicians being heavily vetted by the Agency for National Security Planning and the South Korean Army Security Command.

Electoral system

The new electoral system for the National Assembly abolished the president's power to appoint one-third of the chamber's members. Of the 276 seats, 184 were elected in two-member constituencies via single non-transferable vote, while the remainder were allocated via proportional representation at the national level among parties that won five or more seats in constituencies. Two-thirds of those seats would be awarded to the top party (which was then eliminated from further consideration for national seats), with the remainder allocated based on vote share.

Results

2
2
81
1
1
25
151
2
11
PartyVotes%Seats
FPTPPRTotal+/–
Democratic Justice Party 5,776,62435.649061151New
Democratic Korea Party 3,495,82921.57572481New
Korean National Party 2,147,29313.2518725New
Civil Rights Party  [ ko ]1,088,8476.72202New
New Politics Party  [ ko ]676,9214.18202New
Democratic Socialist Party  [ ko ]524,3613.24202New
Democratic Farmer's Party  [ ko ]227,7151.41101New
Peaceful People Party  [ ko ]144,0000.89101New
Socialist Party122,7780.76000New
Korea Christian Democratic Party103,8930.64000New
Unification National Group Party87,9770.54000New
Won-il Democratic Founding Party76,8630.47000New
Independents1,734,22410.7011011–11
Total16,207,325100.0018492276+45
Valid votes16,207,32598.84
Invalid/blank votes190,5201.16
Total votes16,397,845100.00
Registered voters/turnout21,094,46877.74
Source: Nohlen et al.

By city/province

RegionTotal
seats
Seats won
DJP DKP KNP CRP NPPDSPDFPPPPInd.
Seoul 2814111001001
Busan 12650100000
Gyeonggi 2412101010000
Gangwon 12642000000
North Chungcheong 8413000001
South Chungcheong 16852000001
North Jeolla 14760000000
South Jeolla 221091010010
North Gyeongsang 261315000003
South Gyeongsang 201053101103
Jeju 2000000002
Constituency total1849057182221111
PR list9261247000000
Total27615181252221111

Related Research Articles

In Taiwan, parliamentary elections are held every four years to elect the 113 members of the Legislative Yuan, the unicameral legislature of Taiwan. The current electoral system was introduced in 2008. The constitutional amendments of 2005 extended term length from three to four years, reduced seat count from 225 to 113, and abolished the National Assembly, originally another governmental organ equivalent to a chamber of parliament.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2004 South Korean legislative election</span>

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on April 15, 2004. In the 17th election for the National Assembly, voters elected 299 members of the legislature. The newly formed Uri Party and other parties supporting President Roh Moo-hyun, who was impeached by the outgoing National Assembly, won a majority of seats. This was the first time a centre-left liberal party won a majority in the National Assembly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Assembly (South Korea)</span> Legislature of South Korea

The National Assembly of the Republic of Korea, often shortened to the National Assembly, is the unicameral national legislature of South Korea. Elections to the National Assembly are held every four years. The latest legislative elections was held on 10 April 2024. The National Assembly has 300 seats, with 253 constituency seats and 47 proportional representation seats; 30 of the PR seats are assigned an additional member system, while 17 PR seats use the parallel voting method.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United National Independence Party</span> Political party in Zambia

The United National Independence Party (UNIP) is a political party in Zambia. It governed the country from 1964 to 1991 under the socialist presidency of Kenneth Kaunda, and was the sole legal party in the country between 1973 and 1990. On 4 April 2021, Bishop Trevor Mwamba was elected President of UNIP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Assembly of South Africa</span> Lower house of the Parliament of South Africa

The National Assembly is the directly elected house of the Parliament of South Africa, located in Cape Town, Western Cape. It consists of four hundred members who are elected every five years using a party-list proportional representation system where half of the members are elected proportionally from nine provincial lists and the remaining half from national lists so as to restore proportionality.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008 South Korean legislative election</span>

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on April 9, 2008. The conservative Grand National Party won 153 of 299 seats while the main opposition United Democratic Party won 81 seats. This election marked the lowest-ever voter turnout of 46%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2000 South Korean legislative election</span>

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 13 April 2000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1996 South Korean legislative election</span>

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 12 April 1996. The result was a victory for the New Korea Party, which won 139 of the 299 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was 63.9%. Although the New Korea Party remained the largest party in the National Assembly, it failed to win the majority.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1992 South Korean legislative election</span>

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 25 March 1992. The result was a victory for the Democratic Liberal Party, which won 149 of the 299 seats in the National Assembly. However, DLP's seats shortened from 218 to 149 seats, less than 150 needed for majority, so this regarded as retreat. Voter turnout was 71.9%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1988 South Korean legislative election</span>

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 26 April 1988. The result was a victory for the ruling Democratic Justice Party (DJP), which won 125 of the 299 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was 75.8%. This was the first time the ruling party did not win a majority in the National Assembly since the first legislative elections in 1950. In January 1990, the DJP merged with other two opposition parties, leaving the Kim Dae-jung-led Peace Democratic Party to be the sole opposition party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1985 South Korean legislative election</span>

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 12 February 1985. The result was a victory for the Democratic Justice Party, which won 148 of the 276 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was 84.6%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1981 South Korean presidential election</span>

Two-stage presidential elections were held in South Korea in February 1981. An electoral college was elected on 11 February, which in turn elected the president on 25 February. They were the last indirect presidential elections controlled by the government of Chun Doo-hwan under the new 1980 constitution. Chun was re-elected with 90% of the electoral college vote.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1973 South Korean legislative election</span> Legislative election in South Korea

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 27 February 1973 to elect 146 members of the National Assembly. Another 73 members appointed by President Park Chung-hee were indirectly elected by the National Conference for Unification on 7 March 1973.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012 South Korean legislative election</span>

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 11 April 2012. The election was won by the ruling Saenuri or New Frontier Party, which renewed its majority in the National Assembly, despite losing seats. The election was read as a bellwether for the presidential election to be held later in the year. The result confounded exit polls and media analysis, which had predicted a closer outcome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012 Kazakh legislative election</span>

Legislative elections were held in Kazakhstan on 15 January 2012. The result was a victory for the Nur Otan party, which won 83 of the 98 seats in the Mäjilis. However, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) stated that the election "did not meet fundamental principles of democratic elections." The elections marked the first time that the second-placed party would gain parliamentary seats irrespective of whether it cleared the 7% electoral threshold. Due to the Zhanaozen massacre and the resulting state of emergency there, the election was not planned to be held in Zhanaozen. However, this decision was overturned on 10 January 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 South Korean presidential election</span> Election in South Korea

Early presidential elections were held in South Korea on 9 May 2017 following the impeachment and removal of Park Geun-hye. The elections were conducted in a single round, on a first-past-the-post basis, and had originally been scheduled for 20 December 2017. However, they were brought forward after the decision of the Constitutional Court on 10 March 2017 to uphold the National Assembly's impeachment of Park. Following procedures set out in the Constitution of South Korea, Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn succeeded Park as the acting president. After Park was removed from office by the Constitutional Court's ruling, acting president Hwang announced he would not run for a term in his own right.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 South Korean legislative election</span>

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 13 April 2016. All 300 members of the National Assembly were elected, 253 from first-past-the-post constituencies and 47 from proportional party lists. The election was an upset victory for the liberal Democratic Party, which defied opinion polling by winning a plurality of seats in the election and defeating the ruling conservative Saenuri Party by one seat. In votes for party lists, however, Democratic Party came third, behind the Saenuri Party in first place and the new People Party in second.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 South Korean legislative election</span>

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 15 April 2020. All 300 members of the National Assembly were elected, 253 from first-past-the-post constituencies and 47 from proportional party lists. They were the first elections held under a new electoral system. The two largest parties, the liberal Democratic Party and the conservative United Future Party, set up new satellite parties to take advantage of the revised electoral system. The reforms also lowered the voting age from 19 to 18.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Korean Democratic Party</span> 1984–1988 political party in South Korea

The New Korean Democratic Party was an opposition political party of South Korea from 1984 to 1988. It was the largest opposition party in South Korea until Kim Dae-jung and Kim Young-sam left to form the Reunification Democratic Party.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 South Korean legislative election</span>

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 10 April 2024 to elect all 300 members of the National Assembly. The election saw South Korean opposition led by the Democratic Party win a majority of seats in the South Korean National Assembly.

References

  1. Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume II, p420 ISBN   0-19-924959-8