2009 in arthropod paleontology

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Last updated February 01, 2024

This list of fossil arthropods described in 2009 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods that have been described during the year 2009, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to arthropod paleontology that occurred.

Radiodonts

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Schinderhannes ^[1]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Kühl, Briggs, & Rust	Lower Devonian	Hunsrück Slate	Germany

Arachnids

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Palaeoperenethis ^[2]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Selden & Penney	Eocene Ypresian	Okanagan Highlands Horsefly Shales	Canada British Columbia	A pisaurid fishing spider

Crustaceans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Chabardella ^[3]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Racheboeuf, Schram & Vidal	Late Carboniferous Stephanian	Montceau-les-Mines	France	A mantis shrimp, type species is C. spinosa
Sottyella ^[3]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Racheboeuf, Schram & Vidal	Late Carboniferous Stephanian	Montceau-les-Mines	France	A phreatoicidean isopod, type species is S. montcellensis

Insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Agulla mineralensis ^[4]	sp nov	Valid	Engel	Late Barstovian	Stewart Valley Group	USA	only described Neogene snakefly fossil
Allorapisma ^[5]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Makarkin & Archibald	Ypresian	Tom Thumb Tuff member Klondike Mountain Formation	USA		Allorapisma chuorum
Apis (Cascapis) nearctica ^[6]	sp nov	Valid	Engel, Hinojosa-Diaz, & Rasnitsyn	Middle Miocene		USA	The first fossil Apis from North America.
Aspidopleura ^[7]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Gibson	Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe	A Eupelmid wasp	Aspidopleura baltica
Brevivulva ^[7]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Gibson	Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe	A Eupelmid wasp	Brevivulva electroma
Cimbrophlebia brooksi ^[8]	sp nov	Valid	Archibald	Ypresian	Tom Thumb Tuff member Klondike Mountain Formation	USA	A Cimbrophlebiid scorpionfly
Cimbrophlebia flabelliformis ^[8]	sp nov	Valid	Archibald	Ypresian	McAbee Fossil Beds	Canada	A mecopteran
Cimbrophlebia leahyi ^[8]	sp nov	Valid	Archibald	Ypresian	McAbee Fossil Beds	Canada	A mecopteran
Cimbrophlebia westae ^[8]	sp nov	Valid	Archibald	Ypresian	Tom Thumb Tuff member Klondike Mountain Formation	USA	A mecopteran
Ctenobethylus oblongiceps ^[9]	comb nov	Jr synonym	(Wheeler, 1915)	Lutetian	Baltic amber	Russia	Fossil Dolichoderine ant. Moved from Iridomyrmex oblongiceps to Eldermyrmex oblongiceps in 2011.	Eldermyrmex oblongiceps
Denaeaspis ^[10]	gen et sp nov	valid	Chaboo & Engel	Lutetian	Parachute Member, Green River Formation	USA	One of the oldest tortoise beetles
Eosacantha ^[10]	gen et sp nov	valid	Chaboo & Engel	Lutetian	Parachute Member, Green River Formation	USA	One of the oldest tortoise beetles
Gesomyrmex germanicus ^[11]	sp nov	Valid	Dlussky, Wappler, & Wedmann	Lutetian	Eckfeld Maar	Germany	A Formicinae ant	Gesomyrmex germanicus
Gesomyrmex pulcher ^[11]	sp nov	Valid	Dlussky, Wappler, & Wedmann	Lutetian	Messel Formation	Germany	A Formicinae ant	Gesomyrmex pulcher
Leptofoenus pittfieldae ^[12]	sp nov	Valid	Engel	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A Pteromalid wasp	Leptofoenus pittfieldae
Metapelma archetypon ^[7]	sp nov	Valid	Gibson	Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe	A Eupelmid wasp	Metapelma archetypon
Neanaperiallus ^[7]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Gibson	Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe	A Eupelmid wasp	Neanaperiallus masneri
Nesagapostemon ^[13]	gen et sp nov	Valid	Engel	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A Halictid bee	Nesagapostemon moronei
Nymphes georgei ^[14]	sp nov	Valid	Archibald, Makarkin, & Ansorge	Ypresian	Tom Thumb Tuff member Klondike Mountain Formation	USA	A Nymphid neuropteran	Nymphes georgei
Oligochlora semirugosa ^[13]	sp nov	Valid	Engel	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A Halictid bee	Oligochlora semirugosa
Paleohabropoda ^[15]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Michez & Ramont	Thanetian	Menat Formation	France	An anthophorine bee	Paleohabropoda oudardi
Paratrechina pygmaea ^[16]	Comb nov	Jr synonym	(Mayr)	Middle Eocene	European amber	Europe	A formicine ant, new combination for Prenolepis pygmaea; jr synonym of Nylanderia pygmaea	Nylanderia pygmaea
Principiala rudgwickensis ^[17]	sp nov	valid	Jepson, Makarkin, & Jarzembowski	Barremian	Upper Weald Clay	England	An Ithonidae lacewing, a second species of Principiala
Proceratium eocenicum ^[18]	Sp nov	Valid	Dlussky	Late Eocene	Baltic amber	Russia	A ponerine ant	Proceratium eocenicum
Pronymphes hoffeinsorum ^[14]	Sp nov	Valid	Archibald, Makarkin, Ansorge	Priabonian	Baltic amber	Russia	A Nymphid neuropteran
Protomyrmica ^[19]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Dlussky & Radchenko	Priabonian	Baltic amber	Russia	A myrmicine ant	Protomyrmica atavia
Termitaradus mitnicki ^[20]	sp nov	Valid	Engel	Burdigalian	Dominican amber	Dominican Republic	A termite bug	Termitaradus mitnicki
Tetraponera groehni ^[18]	sp nov	Valid	Dlussky	Pribonian	Baltic amber	Russia	A Pseudomyrmecine ant	Tetraponera groehni

Trilobites

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Alperillaenus ^[21]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Pour, Popov & Vinogradova	Ordovician (Darriwilian)		Kazakhstan	A member of the family Illaenidae. Genus includes new species A. intermedius.
Ammagnostus antarcticus ^[22]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bentley, Jago & Cooper	Cambrian	Goyder Formation ^[23] Spurs Formation	Antarctica Australia ^[23]
Asaphellus stubbsi ^[24]	Sp. nov	Valid	Fortey	Ordovician (Tremadocian)	Fezouata Formation	Morocco
Bhargavia ^[25]	Gen. et sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Peng et al.	Wuliuan	Parahio Formation	India United States	A member of the family Ellipsocephalidae. The type species is B. prakritika; genus also includes "Syspacephalus" obscurus Palmer and Halley (1979).
Bienvillia chaya ^[26]	Sp. nov	Valid	Waisfeld & Vaccari	Ordovician (Floian)	Suri Formation	Argentina
Catillicephalina ^[22]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Bentley, Jago & Cooper	Cambrian	Spurs Formation	Antarctica	A new genus for "Catillicephala" glasgowensis Jago & Cooper (2005).
Damiraspis ^[21]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Pour, Popov & Vinogradova	Ordovician (Darriwilian)		Kazakhstan	An asaphid trilobite. Genus includes new species D. margiana.
Degamella lingulata ^[27]	Sp. nov	Valid	Zhou & Zhou	Ordovician	Pagoda Formation	China	A member of the family Cyclopygidae.
Dividuagnostus tortelloi ^[26]	Sp. nov	Valid	Waisfeld & Vaccari	Ordovician (Floian)	Suri Formation	Argentina
Doremataspis contracta ^[22]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bentley, Jago & Cooper	Cambrian	Spurs Formation	Antarctica
Farasaphus ^[21]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Pour, Popov & Vinogradova	Ordovician (Darriwilian)		Kazakhstan	An asaphid trilobite. Genus includes new species F. singularis.
Gunnia smithi ^[25]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peng et al.	Wuliuan	Parahio Formation	India	A member of the family Ptychopariidae.
Haydenaspis ^[25]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Peng et al.	Cambrian Stage 4	Parahio Formation	India	A member of the family Dinesidae. The type species is H. parvatya.
Himalisania ^[25]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Peng et al.	Cambrian (Guzhangian)	Karsha Formation Kurgiakh Formation	India China?	A member of the family Lisaniidae. The type species is "Eoshengia" sudani Jell & Hughes (1997).
Hypermecaspis edselbrussai ^[26]	Sp. nov	Valid	Waisfeld & Vaccari	Ordovician (Floian)	Suri Formation	Argentina
Jamrogia ^[22]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bentley, Jago & Cooper	Cambrian	Spurs Formation	Antarctica	A member of the new family Jamrogiidae. Genus includes new species J. jamrogensis.
Kaotaia prachina ^[25]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peng et al.	Wuliuan	Parahio Formation	India	A member of the family Ptychopariidae.
Koldinia odelli ^[25]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peng et al.	Cambrian (Guzhangian)	Karsha Formation	India	Possibly a member of the family Anomocaridae.
Litzicurus ^[28]	Gen. et sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Adrain, McAdams & Westrop	Early Ordovician		United States	Possibly a member of Hystricuridae. Genus includes new species L. shawi, as well as "Pseudohystricurus" orbus Ross (1953).
Microparia (Quadratapyge) obsoleta ^[27]	Sp. nov	Valid	Zhou & Zhou	Ordovician	Pagoda Formation	China	A member of the family Cyclopygidae.
Monanocephalus liquani ^[25]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peng et al.	Wuliuan	Hsuchuang Formation	China	A member of the family Ptychopariidae.
Nileus jafari ^[29]	Sp. nov	Valid	Pour & Turvey	Ordovician (Dapingian to early Darriwilian)	Shirgesht Formation	Iran	A member of the family Nileidae.
Proasaphiscus simoni ^[25]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peng et al.	Wuliuan	Parahio Formation	India	A member of the family Proasaphiscidae.
Probowmania bhatti ^[25]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peng et al.	Cambrian Stage 4	Parahio Formation	India	A member of the family Ptychopariidae.
Prozacanthoides lahiri ^[25]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peng et al.	Cambrian Stage 4	Parahio Formation	India	A member of the family Zacanthoididae.
Psalikilus hestoni ^[28]	Sp. nov	Valid	Adrain, McAdams & Westrop	Early Ordovician		United States
Sudanomocarina sinindica ^[25]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peng et al.	Wuliuan	Parahio Formation	India	A member of the family Proasaphiscidae.
Torifera jelli ^[25]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peng et al.	Cambrian (Guzhangian)	Karsha Formation Kurgiakh Formation	India	A member of the family Alsataspididae.
Warburtonella ^[30]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Sun & Jago	Cambrian (Furongian)	Warburton Basin	Australia	A polymerid trilobite. Genus includes new species W. coongiensis.
Xingrenaspis parthiva ^[25]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peng et al.	Wuliuan	Parahio Formation	India	A member of the family Ptychopariidae.
Xingrenaspis shyamalae ^[25]	Sp. nov	Valid	Peng et al.	Wuliuan	Parahio Formation	India	A member of the family Ptychopariidae.

Related Research Articles

The Baltic region is home to the largest known deposit of amber, called Baltic amber or succinite. It was produced sometime during the Eocene epoch, but exactly when is controversial. It has been estimated that these forests created more than 100,000 tons of amber. Today, more than 90% of the world's amber comes from Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It is a major source of income for the region; the local Kaliningrad Amber Combine extracted 250 tonnes of it in 2014 and 400 tonnes in 2015.

This list of fossil arthropods described in 2012 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that have been described during the year 2012. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.

This list of fossil arthropods described in 2013 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that have been described during the year 2013. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.

Armaniinae is subfamily of extinct ant-like hymenopterans known from a series of Cretaceous fossils found in Asia and Africa. It is usually treated as one of the stem-group subfamilies in family Formicidae, although some myrmecologists treat it as a distinct family. A 2007 study analysing petiole and antenna morphology led to the proposal that at least some of the armaniid genera be placed in Sphecomyrminae, although others are unconvinced by the arguments and retain Armaniinae. The subfamily contains seven genera with fourteen described species.

Casaleia is an extinct genus of ants in the formicid subfamily Amblyoponinae described by Pagliano & Scaramozzino in 1990 from fossils found in Europe. The genus contains four species dating from the Eocene to Miocene, Casaleia eocenica, Casaleia inversa, Casaleia longiventris, Casaleia orientalis.

Yantaromyrmex is an extinct genus of ants first described in 2013. Members of this genus are in the subfamily Dolichoderinae of the family Formicidae, known from Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene fossils found in Europe. The genus currently contains five described species, Y. constrictus, Y. geinitzi, Y. intermedius, Y. mayrianum and Y. samlandicus. The first specimens were collected in 1868 and studied by Austrian entomologist Gustav Mayr, who originally placed the fossils in other ant genera until the fossils were reviewed and subsequently placed into their own genus. These ants are small, measuring from 4 to 6 mm in length and can be characterized by their trapezoidal shaped head-capsules and oval compound eyes that are located slightly to the rear of the capsules midpoint, with no known ocelli present.

Pachycondyla eocenica is an extinct species of ant in the formicid subfamily Ponerinae described from fossils found in Europe. P. eocenica is one of six Lutetian Pachycondyla species.

Pachycondyla lutzi is an extinct species of ant in the formicid subfamily Ponerinae described by from fossils found in Europe. P. lutzi is one of six Lutetian Pachycondyla species.

Pachycondyla petiolosa is an extinct species of ant in the formicid subfamily Ponerinae described by from a fossil found in Europe. P. parvula is one of six Lutetian Pachycondyla species.

Myanmyrma is an extinct genus of ants not placed into any Formicidae subfamily. Fossils of the single known species, Myanmyrma gracilis, are known from the Middle Cretaceous of Asia. The genus is one of several ants described from Middle Cretaceous ambers of Myanmar.

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This list of fossil arthropods described in 2011 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that have been described during the year 2011. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.

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2017 in paleoentomology is a list of new fossil insect taxa that were described during the year 2017, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleoentomology that were scheduled to occur during the year.

2015 in paleoentomology is a list of new fossil insect taxa that were described during the year 2016, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleoentomology that were scheduled to occur during the year.

2015 in paleoentomology is a list of new fossil insect taxa that were described during the year 2015, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleoentomology that were scheduled to occur during the year.

The paleofauna of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands consists of Early Eocene arthropods, vertebrates, plus rare nematodes and molluscs found in geological formations of the northwestern North American Eocene Okanagan Highlands. The highlands lake bed series' as a whole are considered one of the great Canadian Lagerstätten. The paleofauna represents that of a late Ypresian upland temperate ecosystem immediately after the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, and before the increased cooling of the middle and late Eocene to Oligocene. The fossiliferous deposits of the region were noted as early as 1873, with small amounts of systematic work happening in the 1880-90s on British Columbian sites, and 1920-30s for Washington sites. Focus and more detailed descriptive work on the Okanagan Highlands site started in the last 1970's. Most of the highlands sites are preserved as compression-impression fossils in "shales", but also includes a rare permineralized biota and an amber biota.

This paleoentomology list records new fossil insect taxa that were described during the year 2014, as well as notes other significant paleoentomology discoveries and events which occurred during that year.

References

↑ Kühl, G; Briggs, DE; Rust, J (February 2009). "A Great-Appendage Arthropod with a Radial Mouth from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate, Germany". Science. 323 (5915): 771–3. Bibcode:2009Sci...323..771K. doi:10.1126/science.1166586. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 19197061.
↑ Selden, P.A.; Penney, D. (2009). "A fossil spider (Araneae: Pisauridae) of Eocene age from Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada". Contributions to Natural History. 12: 1269–1282.^{[ permanent dead link ]}
1 2 Racheboeuf, Patrick R.; Schram, Frederick R.; Vidal, Muriel (2009). "New Malacostracan Crustacea from the Carboniferous (Stephanian) Lagerstätte of Montceau-Les-Mines, France". Journal of Paleontology. 83 (4): 624–629. ISSN 0022-3360.
↑ Engel, M. S. (2009). "A Miocene snakefly from Stewart Valley, Nevada (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae)". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 112 (4): 211–214. doi:10.1660/062.112.0409.
↑ Makarkin, V.N.; Archibald, S.B. (2009). "A new genus and first Cenozoic fossil record of moth lacewings (Neuroptera: Ithonidae) from the Early Eocene of North America" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2063: 55–63. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2063.1.3 . Retrieved 24 March 2010.
↑ Michael S. Engel, I. A. Hinojosa-Diaz & A. P. Rasnitsyn (2009). "A honey bee from the Miocene of Nevada and the biogeography of Apis (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apini)" (PDF). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences . 60 (3): 23–38. Retrieved 4 September 2010.
1 2 3 4 Gibson, G.A.P. (2009). "Description of three new genera and four new species of Neanastatinae (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) from Baltic amber, with discussion of their relationships to extant taxa". ZooKeys (20): 175–214. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.20.161 . Archived from the original on 22 September 2010. Retrieved 24 March 2010.
1 2 3 4 Archibald, S.B. (2009). "New Cimbrophlebiidae (Insecta: Mecoptera) from the Early Eocene at McAbee, British Columbia, Canada and Republic, Washington, USA" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2249: 51–62. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2249.1.5 . Retrieved 24 March 2010.
↑ Heterick, B. E.; Shattuck, S. (2011). "Revision of the ant genus Iridomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Zootaxa. 2845: 1–174.
1 2 Chaboo, C. S.; Engel, M. S. (2009). "Eocene tortoise beetles from the Green River Formation in Colorado, U.S.A. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)". Systematic Entomology. 34 (2): 202–209. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00456.x.
1 2 Dlussky, GM; Wappler, T; Wedmann, S (2009). "Fossil ants of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Eocene of Europe and remarks on the evolution of arboreal ant communities". Zootaxa. 2031: 1–20. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2031.1.1. S2CID 56253714.
↑ Engel, M.S. (2005). "The first fossil leptofoenine wasp (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae): A new species of Leptofoenusin Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic". ZooKeys (13): 57–66. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.13.159 . hdl: 1808/5595 .
1 2 Engel, M.S. (2009). "Two new halictine bees in Miocene Amber from the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)". ZooKeys (29): 1–12. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.29.257 . hdl: 1808/5625 .
1 2 Archibald, S.B.; Makarkin,V.N.; Ansorge, J. (2009). "New fossil species of Nymphidae (Neuroptera) from the Eocene of North America and Europe" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2157: 59–68. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2157.1.4.
↑ Michez, D.; Ramont, P. (2009). "Taxonomy; New fossil evidence of the early diversification of bees: Paleohabropoda oudardi from the French Paleocene (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Anthophorini)". Zoologica Scripta. 38 (2): 171–181. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00362.x.
↑ LaPolla, J.S.; Dlussky, G.M. (2010). "Review of fossil Prenolepis genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 112 (2): 258–273. doi:10.4289/0013-8797-112.2.258.
↑ Jepson, JE; Makarkin, VN; Jarzembowski, E (2009). "New lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Wealden supergroup of Southern England". Cretaceous Research. 30 (5): 1325–1338. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.07.012.
1 2 Dlussky, G. M. (2009). "The ant subfamilies Ponerinae, Cerapachyinae, and Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Late Eocene Ambers of Europe". Paleontological Journal. 43 (9): 1043–1086. doi:10.1134/S0031030109090068.
↑ Dlussky, G. M.; Radchenko, A. G. (2009). "Two new primitive ant genera from the late Eocene European ambers". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 54 (3): 435–441. doi: 10.4202/app.2008.0092 .
↑ Engel, M.S. (2009). "A new termite bug in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Hemiptera, Termitaphididae)". ZooKeys (25): 61–68. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.25.267 . hdl: 1808/5559 .
1 2 3 Mansoureh Ghobadi Pour; Leonid E. Popov; Elena V. Vinogradova (2009). "Middle Ordovician (late Darriwilian) trilobites from the northern Betpak-Dala Desert, central Kazakhstan". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 37: 327–349. ISSN 0810-8889.
1 2 3 4 Christopher J. Bentley; James B. Jago; Roger A. Cooper (2009). "An Acmarhachis typicalis zone trilobite fauna from the Cambrian of northern Victoria Land, Antarctica". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 37: 165–197. ISSN 0810-8889.
1 2 Patrick M. Smith; John R. Paterson; Glenn A. Brock (2018). "Trilobites and agnostids from the Goyder Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Guzhangian; Mindyallan), Amadeus Basin, central Australia". Zootaxa. 4396 (1): 1–67. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4396.1.1. PMID 29690342.
↑ Richard A. Fortey (2009). "A new giant asaphid trilobite from the Lower Ordovician of Morocco". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 37: 9–16. ISSN 0810-8889.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Shanchi Peng; Nigel C. Hughes; Noel A. Heim; Bryan K. Sell; Xuejian Zhu; Paul M. Myrow; Suraj K. Parcha (2009). "Cambrian trilobites from the Parahio and Zanskar Valleys, Indian Himalaya". Journal of Paleontology. 71: 1–95. doi:10.1666/08-129.1.
1 2 3 Beatriz G. Waisfeld; N. Emilio Vaccari (2009). "Trilobites from the Suri Formation (Lower Ordovician; Floian), Famatina Belt, Argentina". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 37: 407–426. ISSN 0810-8889.
1 2 Zhiyi Zhou; Zhiqiang Zhou (2009). "Ordovician cyclopygid trilobites from the Pagoda Formation of southwestern Shaanxi, China". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 37: 87–101. ISSN 0810-8889.
1 2 Jonathan M. Adrain; Neo E.B. McAdams; Stephen R. Westrop (2009). "Trilobite biostratigraphy and revised bases of the Tulean and Blackhillsian stages of the Ibexian Series, Lower Ordovician, western United States". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 37: 541–610. ISSN 0810-8889.
↑ Mansoureh Ghobadi Pour; Samuel T. Turvey (2009). "Revision of some Lower to Middle Ordovician leiostegiid and associated trilobites from Iran and China". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 37: 463–480. ISSN 0810-8889.
↑ Xiaowen Sun; James B. Jago (2009). "An Iverian (Furongian, Cambrian) trilobite faunule from the subsurface Warburton Basin, South Australia". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 37: 1–8. ISSN 0810-8889.

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[Kühl2009-1] Kühl, G; Briggs, DE; Rust, J (February 2009). "A Great-Appendage Arthropod with a Radial Mouth from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate, Germany". Science. 323 (5915): 771–3. Bibcode:2009Sci...323..771K. doi:10.1126/science.1166586. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 19197061.

[Selden2009-2] Selden, P.A.; Penney, D. (2009). "A fossil spider (Araneae: Pisauridae) of Eocene age from Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada". Contributions to Natural History. 12: 1269–1282.^{[ permanent dead link ]}

[:0-3] 1 2 Racheboeuf, Patrick R.; Schram, Frederick R.; Vidal, Muriel (2009). "New Malacostracan Crustacea from the Carboniferous (Stephanian) Lagerstätte of Montceau-Les-Mines, France". Journal of Paleontology. 83 (4): 624–629. ISSN 0022-3360.

[Engel2009-4] Engel, M. S. (2009). "A Miocene snakefly from Stewart Valley, Nevada (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae)". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 112 (4): 211–214. doi:10.1660/062.112.0409.

[M&A2009-5] Makarkin, V.N.; Archibald, S.B. (2009). "A new genus and first Cenozoic fossil record of moth lacewings (Neuroptera: Ithonidae) from the Early Eocene of North America" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2063: 55–63. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2063.1.3 . Retrieved 24 March 2010.

[6] Michael S. Engel, I. A. Hinojosa-Diaz & A. P. Rasnitsyn (2009). "A honey bee from the Miocene of Nevada and the biogeography of Apis (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apini)" (PDF). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences . 60 (3): 23–38. Retrieved 4 September 2010.

[Gibson2009-7] 1 2 3 4 Gibson, G.A.P. (2009). "Description of three new genera and four new species of Neanastatinae (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) from Baltic amber, with discussion of their relationships to extant taxa". ZooKeys (20): 175–214. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.20.161 . Archived from the original on 22 September 2010. Retrieved 24 March 2010.

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[Dlussky2009-11] 1 2 Dlussky, GM; Wappler, T; Wedmann, S (2009). "Fossil ants of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Eocene of Europe and remarks on the evolution of arboreal ant communities". Zootaxa. 2031: 1–20. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2031.1.1. S2CID 56253714.

[1Engel2009-12] Engel, M.S. (2005). "The first fossil leptofoenine wasp (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae): A new species of Leptofoenusin Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic". ZooKeys (13): 57–66. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.13.159 . hdl: 1808/5595 .

[2Engel2009-13] 1 2 Engel, M.S. (2009). "Two new halictine bees in Miocene Amber from the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)". ZooKeys (29): 1–12. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.29.257 . hdl: 1808/5625 .

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[Michez&Ramont2009-15] Michez, D.; Ramont, P. (2009). "Taxonomy; New fossil evidence of the early diversification of bees: Paleohabropoda oudardi from the French Paleocene (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Anthophorini)". Zoologica Scripta. 38 (2): 171–181. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00362.x.

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[2Dlussky2009-18] 1 2 Dlussky, G. M. (2009). "The ant subfamilies Ponerinae, Cerapachyinae, and Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Late Eocene Ambers of Europe". Paleontological Journal. 43 (9): 1043–1086. doi:10.1134/S0031030109090068.

[2newants-19] Dlussky, G. M.; Radchenko, A. G. (2009). "Two new primitive ant genera from the late Eocene European ambers". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 54 (3): 435–441. doi: 10.4202/app.2008.0092 .

[3Engel2009-20] Engel, M.S. (2009). "A new termite bug in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Hemiptera, Termitaphididae)". ZooKeys (25): 61–68. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.25.267 . hdl: 1808/5559 .

[Alperillaenus-21] 1 2 3 Mansoureh Ghobadi Pour; Leonid E. Popov; Elena V. Vinogradova (2009). "Middle Ordovician (late Darriwilian) trilobites from the northern Betpak-Dala Desert, central Kazakhstan". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 37: 327–349. ISSN 0810-8889.

[Catillicephalina-22] 1 2 3 4 Christopher J. Bentley; James B. Jago; Roger A. Cooper (2009). "An Acmarhachis typicalis zone trilobite fauna from the Cambrian of northern Victoria Land, Antarctica". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 37: 165–197. ISSN 0810-8889.

[ZT43961-23] 1 2 Patrick M. Smith; John R. Paterson; Glenn A. Brock (2018). "Trilobites and agnostids from the Goyder Formation (Cambrian Series 3, Guzhangian; Mindyallan), Amadeus Basin, central Australia". Zootaxa. 4396 (1): 1–67. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4396.1.1. PMID 29690342.

[24] Richard A. Fortey (2009). "A new giant asaphid trilobite from the Lower Ordovician of Morocco". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 37: 9–16. ISSN 0810-8889.

[Bhargavia-25] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Shanchi Peng; Nigel C. Hughes; Noel A. Heim; Bryan K. Sell; Xuejian Zhu; Paul M. Myrow; Suraj K. Parcha (2009). "Cambrian trilobites from the Parahio and Zanskar Valleys, Indian Himalaya". Journal of Paleontology. 71: 1–95. doi:10.1666/08-129.1.

[SuriFm-26] 1 2 3 Beatriz G. Waisfeld; N. Emilio Vaccari (2009). "Trilobites from the Suri Formation (Lower Ordovician; Floian), Famatina Belt, Argentina". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 37: 407–426. ISSN 0810-8889.

[ZhouZhou-27] 1 2 Zhiyi Zhou; Zhiqiang Zhou (2009). "Ordovician cyclopygid trilobites from the Pagoda Formation of southwestern Shaanxi, China". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 37: 87–101. ISSN 0810-8889.

[Litzicurus-28] 1 2 Jonathan M. Adrain; Neo E.B. McAdams; Stephen R. Westrop (2009). "Trilobite biostratigraphy and revised bases of the Tulean and Blackhillsian stages of the Ibexian Series, Lower Ordovician, western United States". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 37: 541–610. ISSN 0810-8889.

[29] Mansoureh Ghobadi Pour; Samuel T. Turvey (2009). "Revision of some Lower to Middle Ordovician leiostegiid and associated trilobites from Iran and China". Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists. 37: 463–480. ISSN 0810-8889.

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