2015 Parapan American Games

Last updated

V Parapan American Games
2015 Parapan American Games logo.svg
Host Toronto, Canada
MottoUnited We Play
Nations28
Athletes1,651
Events317 in 15 sports
OpeningAugust 7
ClosingAugust 15
Opened by Governor General David Johnston
Cauldron lighter Chantal Peticlerc
Main venue Pan Am and Parapan Am
Athletics Stadium
(opening ceremony)
Nathan Phillips Square (closing ceremony)

The 2015 Parapan American Games, officially the V Parapan American Games and commonly known as the Toronto 2015 ParaPan-Am Games, were a major international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities, celebrated in the tradition of the Parapan American Games as governed by the Americas Paralympic Committee, held from August 7 to 15, 2015, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Marking the first Parapan American games hosted by Canada, and the second major Paralympic sports event hosted by Toronto since the 1976 Summer Paralympics, the Games were held at venues in Toronto and four other Golden Horseshoe communities. [1] Both the Parapan American and Pan American Games were organized by the Toronto 2015 Organizing Committee (TO2015).

Contents

The Games hosted 1,608 athletes representing 28 National Paralympic Committees (NPCs) in the Americas. 445 events were held in 15 sports—all of which serving as qualifiers for the 2016 Summer Paralympics, including the debut of wheelchair rugby at the Parapan American Games, and the return of 7-a-side football following its absence from the 2011 Parapan American Games.

Bidding process

Toronto was selected by the Canadian Olympic Committee as the official bid city from Canada for the 2015 Parapan American Games Skyline of Toronto viewed from Harbour.jpg
Toronto was selected by the Canadian Olympic Committee as the official bid city from Canada for the 2015 Parapan American Games

The Canadian Olympic Committee chose Toronto and the surrounding region as the Canadian candidate. No other Canadian city was given a chance to bid in a domestic race, and thus Toronto was selected without a vote. [2] Toronto's interest in bidding came after failing to land the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2008 Summer Olympics, which were held in Atlanta and Beijing respectively.

On February 23, 2009, both Toronto City Council and Hamilton City Council approved the bid officially and confirmed their intentions to support the successful hosting of the event. [3] The official bid book document was submitted to the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO) on May 27, 2009. [4]

PASO made an evaluation visit to Toronto between August 30 and 31, 2009. The team analyzed the candidate city features and provided its feedback back to voting members of PASO. The evaluation committee was headed by Julio Maglione, a member of the IOC representing Uruguay and the head of Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA), the international swimming federation. After the visit Maglione said, "Toronto has all the conditions to play host to the Pan American Games". [5]

Toronto won the bidding process to host the Pan and Parapan American Games by a vote of the Pan American Sports Organization on November 6, 2009, at the PASO Session held in Guadalajara, Mexico. The result was announced by PASO President Mario Vázquez Raña. [6] Toronto faced two other finalists shortlisted Lima, Peru, and Bogotá, Colombia. Toronto earned 33 votes, while contesting candidate cities Lima and Bogotá received 11 and 7 votes, respectively. [7]

2015 Parapan American Games bidding results
City NOC Round 1
Toronto Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 33
Lima Flag of Peru.svg  Peru 11
Bogotá Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia 7

Development and preparation

Venues

Varsity Stadium: The archery venue. Varsity Centre.JPG
Varsity Stadium: The archery venue.

Toronto became one of the most populous cities to ever hold the Parapan American Games. In August, the month when the Games was held, Toronto has an average temperature of 21 °C (70 °F). Toronto's summer temperatures around August are warm, and the city averages less than five days with the temperature going above 30 °C (86 °F). As well in August Toronto averages about 67mm of precipitation. Moreover, Toronto's elevation is at 112 m (367 ft) above sea level, which provides optimal and ideal conditions for athletes. [8]

In January 2012, the organizing committee announced that sixty percent of the originally proposed venues would be dropped, in favour of a clustering system seen at other multi-sport events such as the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain. [9]

Athletes' living quarters were at the 2015 Pan American Games Athletes' Village.

The opening ceremonies was held at the CIBC Pan Am and Parapan Am Athletics Stadium and the closing ceremonies was held at Nathan Phillips Square. The Parapan Games re-used 12 venues from the Pan Am Games while one venue University of Toronto Scarborough Tennis Centre was newly constructed for the Parapan Am Games. Some of the competition venues in the Toronto area included the Pan American Field Hockey Centre, and the Toronto Pan Am Sports Centre. Only four competition venues were located outside of Toronto:

Infrastructure and budget

The Toronto 2015 Organizing Committee (TO2015) along with all three levels of government spent about $1.4 billion Canadian dollars in upgrading and building new venues in the region. [10] The provincial government (Ontario) and the Canadian federal government provided 35% each of the funding, with the municipalities covering the remaining 30% of the cost. Also $1 billion Canadian dollars was spent on building an athletes' village in the West Don Lands area of Toronto. Therefore, the total cost was $2.4 billion, the highest ever spent for a Pan/Parapan American Games. Later in 2011 Toronto's contribution to the games almost doubled from $49.5 million to $96.5 million for several reasons: the athletics stadium was moved to York University from Hamilton, the soil was to be remediated at the University of Toronto Scarborough where the proposed aquatics centre is supposed to be built, more money was needed for the proposed BMX track and the increase in inflation. [11] $700 million Canadian dollars was spent to build and renovate infrastructure in the region, about three times what was spent for the 2011 Pan American Games. [12]

Many transit improvements in Toronto were made in time for these games. These included the Union Pearson Express airport rail link. [13]

Village

The Athlete's village cost $735 million CAD and had the capacity to hold up to 7,200 athletes and officials. [14] After the games the village was converted to 746 market priced condos, 41 market-priced town homes, 250 affordable-rent apartments, 257 student dormitory units for George Brown College, office and retail units, and a YMCA recreation centre. The Athlete's Village was located in the West Don Lands along Front Street between Bayview Avenue and Cherry Street in Toronto. The development was certified LEED Gold. [15]

Medals

Braile on the back of a 2015 Parapan American Games Medal Braile 2015 Parapan American Games Medal.jpg
Braile on the back of a 2015 Parapan American Games Medal

In October 2013 it was announced that the medals for the games would be produced and designed by the Royal Canadian Mint. [16] In September 2014 it was announced that the supplier of the raw minerals used in the medals (over 4,000 in total) would be Barrick Gold. All the materials used in the medals will come from the company's operations in the Americas region. [17] The copper was mined at the company's Zaldivar mine in Chile, the silver at the Pueblo Viejo mine in the Dominican Republic and the gold was mined at the Hemlo mine in Northern Ontario. [18]

The designs of the medals, created by artist Christi Belcourt were revealed on March 3, 2015 at a ceremony at the Royal Ontario Museum. Each of them are roughly 86.7 millimetres in diameter and weigh about 350 grams. The front of the medal featured three shapes representing three regions of the Americas: North America, Central America and the Caribbean, and South America. It also featured Braille for the first time. [19] The back of the medal featured the logo and motto of the games and the elements of mokume-gane. [20] [21]

Volunteers

The organization committee expected 23,000 volunteers to be required for Pan Am and Parapan Am Games. [22] Over 63,000 applicants applied to become a volunteer. [23] A total of 6,688 volunteers participated as part of the Games. [24]

Ticketing

Ticket sales began on March 25, 2015. [25] More than 90,000 out of the 200,000 tickets available were sold. [26]

Torch relay

The Parapan torch relay consisted of a 5-day journey, visiting 12 communities. Two torches were lit, one in the west at Niagara Falls and one in the east at Ottawa. Both make their way towards and reunite in Toronto. [27]

Marketing

Pachi greets US Ambassador Bruce Heyman at the 2015 Pan American Games Mascot Pachi greets US Ambassador Bruce Heyman at the 2015 Pan American Games (18959014963).jpg
Pachi greets US Ambassador Bruce Heyman at the 2015 Pan American Games

Mascot

Pachi was chosen as the Games mascot in 2013. The design was based on porcupine. Porcupines have relatively poor vision, so the choice of basing Pachi's design on a porcupine is said to be a symbolic bond with the athletes of the Parapan Games. [28]

The Games

Ceremonies

The Opening Ceremony was held on August 7, 2015 at the CIBC Pan Am and Parapan Am Athletics Stadium, [29] while the closing ceremony was held on 15 August 2015 at Nathan Phillips Square. [30]

Opening ceremony

Before the ceremony began, the president of the Americas Paralympic Committee, Jose Luis Campo and Governor General David Johnston were introduced and entered the box of honour officially. This was followed by a countdown of number 20 to 0.

A rendition of Canada's national anthem was performed by Franco-Ontarian Gabrielle Goulet during the raising of the flag of the host country by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Ontario Provincial Police and after that, a Lockheed C-130 Hercules of the Royal Canadian Air Force flew past over the stadium. [31]

The ceremony began with an introductory performance called Migration of honour which represents the four elements of life: earth, water, wind and fire. It featured acrobatic dancers and performers from country’s four ancestral nations - The Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation, the Huron-Wendat Nation, the Six Nations of the Grand River and the Métis Nation of Ontario. The performance was followed immediately by the Parade of Nations. Each teams marched into the stadium, preceded by a person carrying a circular placard written with the name of each participating team in the three languages (English, French and Spanish). The Canadian delegation entered last, representing the host nation. The remaining countries entered in English alphabetical order. [32]

During the ceremony, Americas Paralympic Committee (APC) flag was carried into the stadium by Arnold Boldt, Tim McIsaac, Chelsey Gotell, Paul Rosen, Robert Hampson, David Shannon, Patrick Jarvis and Dr. Robert Steadward and raised to the Paralympic Anthem. [33] Toronto 2015 chief executive Saäd Rafi and APC president Jose gave their speeches before Governor General David Johnston declare the games opened. Benoit Huot read the athletes’ oath, while cycling coach Sebastien Travers read the coaches oath. The ceremony featured dance and song performances produced by B5C Productions in a joint venture between local company BaAM Productions and American-based FiveCurrents, which symbolized unity through diversity. During the final torch relay, the flame was brought in by activist and athlete Rick Hansen and Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) program host Rick Mercer and passed to wheelchair racer Chantal Petitclerc who lit the cauldron. The ceremony concluded with Francesco Yates performing songs from debut album. [34]

Parade of Nations

OrderNationSpanishFrenchFlag bearerSport
1Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina  (ARG)ArgentinaArgentineRodrigo Lopez Cycling
2Flag of Aruba.svg  Aruba  (ARU)ArubaArubaAlbertino Maduro Athletics
3Flag of Barbados.svg  Barbados  (BAR)BarbadosBarbadeDavid Taylor Swimming
4Flag of Bermuda.svg  Bermuda  (BER)BermudaBermudesYushae DeSilva-Andrade Boccia
5Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil  (BRA)BrasilBrésil Terezinha Guilhermina Athletics
6Flag of Chile.svg  Chile  (CHI)ChileChili Cristian Valenzuela Athletics
7Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia  (COL)ColombiaColombie Carlos Daniel Serrano Swimming
8Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica  (CRC)Costa RicaCosta RicaJose Jimenez Hernandez Athletics
9Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba  (CUB)CubaCuba Yunidis Castillo Athletics
10Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic  (DOM)República DominicanaRépublique dominicaineWemerson Garcia De La Rosa Athletics
11Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador  (ECU)EcuadorEquateurDarwin Castro Athletics
12Flag of El Salvador.svg  El Salvador  (ESA)El SalvadorSalvadorGabriel Espinoza Macal Table tennis
13Flag of Guatemala.svg  Guatemala  (GUA)GuatemalaGuatemalaIsaac Leiva Avila Athletics
14Flag of Haiti.svg  Haiti  (HAI)HaitíHaïti Nephtalie Jean-Louis Athletics
15Flag of Honduras (before 2022).svg  Honduras  (HON)HondurasHondurasCarlos Velasquez Hernandez Athletics
16Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica  (JAM)JamaicaJamaïqueTevaughn Thomas Athletics
17Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico  (MEX)MéxicoMexique Nely Miranda Swimming
18Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua  (NCA)NicaraguaNicaraguaGabriel Cuadra Holmann Athletics
19Flag of Panama.svg  Panama  (PAN)PanamáPanamaCesar Barria Swimming
20Flag of Peru.svg  Peru  (PER)PerúPerouPedro Pablo de Vinatea Swimming
21Flag of Puerto Rico.svg  Puerto Rico  (PUR)Puerto RicoPorto RicoCarlos Ocasio Wheelchair basketball
22Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname  (SUR)SurinamSurinameSefanja Hankers Swimming
23Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago  (TTO)Trinidad y TobagoTrinité-et-TobagoCarlos Grenne Athletics
24Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)Estados Unidos de AméricaÉtats-Unis D'AmeriqueCurtis Lovejoy [35] Swimming
25Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay  (URU)UruguayUruguayHenry Burgos Judo
26Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg  Virgin Islands  (ISV)Islas Vírgenes de los Estados UnidosÎles Vierges des États-UnisIvan Espinosa Athletics
27Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela  (VEN)VenezuelaVenezuelaLuis Paiva Athletics
28Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada  (CAN)CanadáCanadaMarco Dispaltro [36] Boccia

Closing ceremony

The ceremony began with the introduction of Toronto mayor and APC president Campo. The ceremony featured Sean Jones rendition of Canada's national anthem, the Franco-Ontarian urban folk band Le Group Swing, performances from Grammy award-winner Wyclef Jean, as well as country music singer-songwriter Meghan Patrick. That night, president of the Americas Paralympic Committee, Jose Luis Campo described the Games "the best Parapan American Games ever". [37] After Saäd Rafi, chief executive officer and Campo gave their speeches, Campo declared the games closed and the Americas Paralympic Committee flag was lowered. Toronto Mayor John Tory passed the APC flag over to Lima Mayor Luis Castañeda Lossio through Campo. A cultural performance from Peru was presented to symbolize Peru as the host of the next edition. The flame was extinguished when spoken word artist Mustafa the Poet performed on stage. The ceremony concluded with fireworks released to the sky. [38] [39]

Participating nations

28 nations competed at the Games.

Participating National Paralympic Committees

Number of athletes by National Paralympic Committee

Sports

Fifteen sports, the most ever for a Parapan American Games were contested. Wheelchair rugby made its debut at the Games, while Football 7-a-side made its return to the games after missing the 2011 Parapan American Games. [40] All fifteen sports were used for Paralympic qualification in 2016. [40]

Calendar

[41] [42]

OCOpening ceremonyEvent competitions1Event finalsCCClosing ceremony
August7
Fri
8
Sat
9
Sun
10
Mon
11
Tue
12
Wed
13
Thu
14
Fri
15
Sat
Events
IPC logo (2004-2019).svg CeremoniesOCCC
Archery - Paralympic pictogram.svg Archery 44
Athletics - Paralympic pictogram.svg Athletics 2126192226114
Boccia - Paralympic pictogram.svg Boccia 347
Cycling - Paralympic pictogram.svg Cycling 734418
Football 5-a-side - Paralympic pictogram.svg Football 5-a-side 11
Football 7-a-side - Paralympic pictogram.svg Football 7-a-side 11
Goalball - Paralympic pictogram.svg Goalball 112
Judo - Paralympic pictogram.svg Judo 3249
Powerlifting - Paralympic pictogram.svg Powerlifting 333312
Volleyball - Paralympic pictogram.svg Sitting volleyball 22
Swimming - Paralympic pictogram.svg Swimming 16151917171715116
Table tennis - Paralympic pictogram.svg Table tennis 3143424
Wheelchair basketball - Paralympic pictogram.svg Wheelchair basketball 112
Wheelchair rugby - Paralympic pictogram.svg Wheelchair rugby 11
Wheelchair tennis - Paralympic pictogram.svg Wheelchair tennis 224
Total events292164544251533317
Cumulative total2950114168210261314317
August7
Fri
8
Sat
9
Sun
10
Mon
11
Tue
12
Wed
13
Thu
14
Fri
15
Sat
Events

Medal table

2015 Parapan American Games Gold Medal.jpg
Gold medal
2015 Parapan American Games Silver medal.jpg
Silver medal
2015 Parapan American Games bronze medal.jpg
Bronze medal

The final medal count. [43]   *   Host nation (Canada)

RankNPCGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil  (BRA)1097474257
2Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada  (CAN)*506355168
3Flag of the United States.svg  United States  (USA)405144135
4Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico  (MEX)383639113
5Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia  (COL)24363090
6Flag of Cuba.svg  Cuba  (CUB)19151347
7Flag of Argentina.svg  Argentina  (ARG)18252467
8Flag of Venezuela.svg  Venezuela  (VEN)8142547
9Flag of Chile.svg  Chile  (CHI)42612
10Flag of Jamaica.svg  Jamaica  (JAM)2215
11Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago  (TTO)2002
12Flag of Ecuador.svg  Ecuador  (ECU)1045
13Flag of Bermuda.svg  Bermuda  (BER)1001
Flag of Uruguay.svg  Uruguay  (URU)1001
15Flag of Nicaragua.svg  Nicaragua  (NCA)0044
16Flag of Costa Rica.svg  Costa Rica  (CRC)0022
Flag of Puerto Rico.svg  Puerto Rico  (PUR)0022
18Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg  Dominican Republic  (DOM)0011
Totals (18 entries)317318324959

See also

Related Research Articles

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  29. Opening ceremony
  30. Closing ceremony
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  39. TORONTO 2015 Parapan Am Games End on a High Note
  40. 1 2 "Maintenance". toronto2015.org. Archived from the original on March 23, 2015. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  41. General schedule
  42. Medalists
  43. Medal count

Further reading

Archival holdings

Toronto 2015 Pan Am & Parapan American Games—Web archive collected by the University of Toronto Libraries

Preceded byV Parapan American Games
Toronto

(2015)
Succeeded by