2021 Zambian general election

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2021 Zambian general election
Flag of Zambia.svg
←  2016 12 August 20212026 →
Presidential election
Turnout70.61% (Increase2.svg 14.16 pp)
  Hakainde Hichilema 2022 (cropped).jpg Edgar Lungu, 26 july 2018 (cropped).jpg
Nominee Hakainde Hichilema Edgar Lungu
Party UPND PF
Running mate Mutale Nalumango Nkandu Luo
Popular vote2,852,3481,870,780
Percentage59.02%38.71%
President before election

Edgar Lungu
PF

Elected President

Hakainde Hichilema
UPND

National Assembly election
156 of the 167 seats in the National Assembly
85 seats needed for a majority
PartyLeader%Seats+/–
UPND Hakainde Hichilema 46.2282+24
PF Edgar Lungu 35.7060−20
PNUP Highvie Hamududu 0.271+1
Independents –14.3113−1
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Speaker of the National Assembly beforeSpeaker of the National Assembly after
Patrick Matibini
PF 		Nelly Mutti
Maps
2021 Zambian presidential election.svg
2021 Zambia Presidential Election Results by Constituency.svg
Zambia National Assembly election, results by constituency.png

General elections were held in Zambia on 12 August 2021 to elect the President, National Assembly, mayors, council chairs and councillors. Hakainde Hichilema of the United Party for National Development was elected president, defeating incumbent Edgar Lungu of the Patriotic Front. [1] [2]

Contents

On 16 August, Lungu conceded in a televised statement, sending a letter and congratulating Hichilema. [3] [4]

Electoral system

The President is elected via the two-round system. [5] Of the 167 members of the National Assembly, 156 are elected by the first-past-the-post system in single-member constituencies, with a further eight appointed by the President and three others being ex-officio members: the Vice President, the Speaker and a deputy speaker elected from outside the National Assembly (a second deputy speaker is chosen from among the elected members). The minimum voting age is 18, whilst National Assembly candidates must be at least 21. [6]

Candidates

A total of sixteen candidates registered to run for the presidency. The race was expected to be a close race between Edgar Lungu of the Patriotic Front and Hakainde Hichilema of the United Party for National Development. Both competed in the 2016 presidential elections, which Lungu won by a margin of 50.35% to 47.63%. [7]

Registered candidates [8] [9] [10] [11]
Presidential candidateRunning mateParty
1. Edgar Lungu Nkandu Luo Patriotic Front
2. Enock Tonga Bright Chomba 3rd Liberation Movement
3. Sean Enock Tembo Henry Muleya Patriots For Economic Progress
4. Andyford Banda Gerald Mulao People’s Alliance For Change
5. Chishala Kateka Samuel Kasanka New Heritage Party
6. Kasonde Mwenda Changala Siame Economic Freedom Fighters
7. Stephen Nyirenda Lucy Changwe National Restoration Party
8. Lazarus Chisela Rosemary Chivumba Zambians United For Sustainable Development
9. Richard Silumbe Kaela Kamwenshe Leadership Movement
10. Highvie Hamududu Kasote Singogo Party of National Unity and Progress
11. Fred M'membe Cosmas Musumali Socialist Party
12. Harry Kalaba Judith Kabemba Democratic Party
13. Hakainde Hichilema Mutale Nalumango United Party for National Development
14. Nevers Mumba Reuben Sambo Movement for Multi-Party Democracy
15. Charles Chanda Simon Mbulu United Prosperous and Peaceful Zambia
16. Trevor Mwamba John Harawa United National Independence Party

Campaign

On 15 May 2021, Electoral Commission of Zambia chair Esau Chulu launched the start of the election campaign. [12] [13] However politicians were advised to minimise large crowd gatherings during campaign meetings due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The National Assembly was dissolved on 12 May by President Edgar Lungu to provide a level playing field in the campaign. [14] However, Lungu remains in office as per constitutional requirements. [15]

Violence and virus cases rise

On 26 May Lungu launched his own campaign. He also directed the police service and Ministry of Health to ensure enforcement of the COVID-19 pandemic health regulations and guidelines without fear or favour. [16] On 3 June, due to the rise in COVID-19 cases, the Electoral Commission suspended campaign rallies again to avoid large crowds. [17] On 15 June, the Electoral Commission banned the Patriotic Front and United Party for National Development from campaigning in Lusaka, Mpulungu, Namwala and Nakonde due to political violence. The Commission also banned all roadshows across the country to curb the transmission of COVID-19. [18] On 1 August Lungu ordered the deployment of the military to help the police fight escalating political violence during the campaign. [19] [20]

On 28 July UPND Secretary General Batuke Imenda released a statement that the party was disappointed with government institutions being used by President Lungu to block UPND presidential candidate Hakainde Hichilema from campaigning. [21] On 30 July, Hichilema and his campaign team were prevented from entering Chipata and detained on the runway of Chipata Airport. Before Hichilema's arrival in Chipata, police had teargassed his supporters. [22] On 3 August, police in Mbala blocked Hichilema and his campaign team from entering the town, with police claiming that he needed a permit to enter. [23] [24]

Campaign tactics

Hichilema heavily criticised Lungu, claiming he had used state power to interfere with the elections. [25] In a campaign video, Hichilema portrayed Lungu as a morally corrupt individual with a history of monetary mismanagement, while portraying himself as fiscally responsible. [26]

Conduct

Three days before the elections the government openly stated there was a possibility of an internet shutdown if citizens failed to use cyberspace responsibly during the electoral process. [27] [28] In response to the initial report, Information and Broadcasting Services Permanent Secretary Amos Malupenga promptly issued a statement dismissing the claims as malicious. However, there was a subsequent reversal in Malupenga's stance, as he admitted that an internet shutdown was a viable option. He emphasised the government's stance on preventing the abuse of cyberspace and warned of potential inconveniences if individuals were found to be engaging in misconduct. Malupenga stressed that the government would invoke relevant legal provisions to maintain law and order and ensure peace and stability during the election period. [29]

On 12 August numerous Twitter users took to the platform to express concerns about the apparent shutdown of popular social media and messaging apps such as Messenger, Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp in the country. [30] [31] [32] This caused a significant impact as it hindered the flow of information and communication on a vital day for democratic processes. [33] Reports surfaced that internet users resorted to using Virtual Private Network (VPN) services as a workaround to bypass the restrictions imposed on WhatsApp and various social media platforms. Despite these efforts to maintain connectivity, the situation raised questions about the accessibility and freedom of expression during the election period. [34] [35]

In response to the claims, Malupenga refuted the reports, dismissing them as "malicious." He emphasized the government's stance on responsible internet usage, stating that the government would not tolerate any abuse of the internet. Malupenga went on to caution that if any misconduct occurred, the government reserved the right to take legal action to prevent any potential disruption of law and order, particularly during the sensitive election period. His remarks underscored the government's commitment to ensuring a secure and orderly electoral process. Despite Malupenga's statements, the restrictions on social media platforms persisted, creating a challenging environment for citizens to freely express their views and share information. The ongoing limitations on these platforms added an additional layer of complexity to an already tense election period, sparking concerns about the implications for freedom of speech and information dissemination in the country. [36] [33]

Results

On 16 August Hakainde Hichilema was declared president-elect of Zambia. [2] At the time of the announcement, 155 out of Zambia's 156 constituencies had been counted, with only Mandevu constituency still to declare. As the votes in that constituency were insufficient to affect the outcome, the electoral commission announced Hichilema's victory. [37] Edgar Lungu conceded defeat shortly after the announcement. [4] [3]

President

CandidatePartyVotes%
Hakainde Hichilema United Party for National Development 2,852,34859.02
Edgar Lungu Patriotic Front 1,870,78038.71
Harry Kalaba Democratic Party 25,2310.52
Andyford Banda People’s Alliance For Change19,9370.41
Fred M'membe Socialist Party 16,6440.34
Highvie Hamududu Party of National Unity and Progress 10,4800.22
Chishala Kateka New Heritage Party 8,1690.17
Charles Chanda United Prosperous and Peaceful Zambia6,5430.14
Lazarus Chisela Zambians United For Sustainable Development5,2530.11
Nevers Mumba Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 4,9680.10
Enock Tonga 3rd Liberation Movement3,1120.06
Trevor Mwamba United National Independence Party 3,0360.06
Sean Enock Tembo Patriots For Economic Progress1,8130.04
Stephen Nyirenda National Restoration Party 1,8080.04
Kasonde Mwenda Economic Freedom Fighters1,3450.03
Richard Silumbe Leadership Movement1,2960.03
Total4,832,763100.00
Valid votes4,832,76397.45
Invalid/blank votes126,5692.55
Total votes4,959,332100.00
Registered voters/turnout7,023,49970.61
Source: ECZ

National Assembly

The election in Kaumbwe constituency did not take place on 12 August due to the death of the UPND candidate and was postponed until 21 October 2021. [38]

Zambie Assemblee 2021.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
United Party for National Development 2,230,32446.2282+24
Patriotic Front 1,722,71835.7060–20
Socialist Party 61,3251.270New
Democratic Party 50,8861.0500
People's Alliance for Change20,2270.4200
Party of National Unity and Progress 13,1780.271+1
United National Independence Party 12,7420.2600
Forum for Democracy and Development 4,0060.080–1
National Democratic Congress 3,8070.080New
Movement for Multi-Party Democracy 3,6650.080–3
Leadership Movement3,5850.070New
Christian Democratic Party3,4710.070New
New Heritage Party 1,7620.0400
Golden Party Zambia8580.020New
National Restoration Party 6640.0100
Zambians United for Sustainable Development5540.010New
Green Party of Zambia4990.0100
United Prosperous and Peaceful Zambia3090.010New
Movement for Democratic Change3060.010New
Patriots for Economic Progress2320.000New
Economic Freedom Fighters1040.0000
Independents690,41814.3113–1
Appointed and ex-officio11–
Total4,825,640100.001670
Valid votes4,825,64097.74
Invalid/blank votes111,7262.26
Total votes4,937,366100.00
Registered voters/turnout7,023,49970.30
Source: ECZ, ECZ, ECZ (Kaumbwe const.)

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