238

Last updated

Millennium: 1st millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
238 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 238
CCXXXVIII
Ab urbe condita 991
Assyrian calendar 4988
Balinese saka calendar 159–160
Bengali calendar −355
Berber calendar 1188
Buddhist calendar 782
Burmese calendar −400
Byzantine calendar 5746–5747
Chinese calendar 丁巳年 (Fire  Snake)
2935 or 2728
     to 
戊午年 (Earth  Horse)
2936 or 2729
Coptic calendar −46 – −45
Discordian calendar 1404
Ethiopian calendar 230–231
Hebrew calendar 3998–3999
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 294–295
 - Shaka Samvat 159–160
 - Kali Yuga 3338–3339
Holocene calendar 10238
Iranian calendar 384 BP – 383 BP
Islamic calendar 396 BH – 395 BH
Javanese calendar 116–117
Julian calendar 238
CCXXXVIII
Korean calendar 2571
Minguo calendar 1674 before ROC
民前1674年
Nanakshahi calendar −1230
Seleucid era 549/550 AG
Thai solar calendar 780–781
Tibetan calendar 阴火蛇年
(female Fire-Snake)
364 or −17 or −789
     to 
阳土马年
(male Earth-Horse)
365 or −16 or −788

Year 238 ( CCXXXVIII ) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Pius and Pontianus (or, less frequently, year 991 Ab urbe condita ). The denomination 238 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Contents

Events

By place

Roman Empire

China

By topic

Commerce

Births

Deaths

Related Research Articles

The 170s decade ran from January 1, 170, to December 31, 179.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">236</span> Calendar year

Year 236 (CCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Verus and Africanus. The denomination 236 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">253</span> Calendar year

Year 253 (CCLIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Volusianus and Claudius. The denomination 253 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

The 230s decade ran from January 1, 230, to December 31, 239.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crisis of the Third Century</span> Roman Imperial government crisis (235–285 AD)

The Crisis of the Third Century, also known as the Military Anarchy or the Imperial Crisis (235–285), was a period in Roman history during which the Roman Empire had nearly collapsed under the combined pressure of repeated foreign invasions, civil wars and economic disintegration. At the height of the crisis, the Roman state had split into three distinct and competing polities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gordian III</span> Roman emperor from 238 to 244

Gordian III was Roman emperor from 238 to 244. At the age of 13, he became the youngest sole emperor of the united Roman Empire. Gordian was the son of Antonia Gordiana and Junius Balbus, who died before 238. Antonia Gordiana was the daughter of Emperor Gordian I and younger sister of Emperor Gordian II. Very little is known of his early life before his acclamation. Gordian had assumed the name of his maternal great grandfather in 238.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gordian I</span> Roman emperor in 238

Gordian I was Roman emperor for 22 days with his son Gordian II in 238, the Year of the Six Emperors. Caught up in a rebellion against the Emperor Maximinus Thrax, he was defeated in battle and committed suicide after the death of his son, having had the shortest reign in imperial history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gordian II</span> Roman emperor in 238

Gordian II was Roman emperor with his father Gordian I in 238 AD, the Year of the Six Emperors. Seeking to overthrow Maximinus Thrax, he died in battle outside Carthage. Since he died before his father, Gordian II had the shortest reign of any Roman emperor, at about 22 days.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Legio II Parthica</span> Roman legion

Legio II Parthica was a legion of the Imperial Roman army founded in AD 197 by the emperor Septimius Severus, for his campaign against the Parthian Empire, hence the cognomenParthica. The legion was still active in the beginning of the 5th century. The legion's symbol was a centaur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Balbinus</span> Roman emperor in 238

Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus was Roman emperor with Pupienus for three months in 238, the Year of the Six Emperors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pupienus</span> Roman emperor in 238

Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus was Roman emperor with Balbinus for 99 days in 238, during the Year of the Six Emperors. The sources for this period are scant, and thus knowledge of the emperor is limited. In most contemporary texts he is referred to by his cognomen "Maximus" rather than by his second nomen Pupienus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Carthage (238)</span> Battle between the Roman armies of Gordian II and Capelianus (238)

The Battle of Carthage was fought in 238 AD between a Roman army loyal to Emperor Maximinus Thrax and the forces of Emperors Gordian I and Gordian II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Year of the Six Emperors</span> Year with six claimants as Emperor of Rome (238 CE)

The Year of the Six Emperors was the year AD 238, during which six men made claims to be emperors of Rome. This was an early symptom of what historians now call the Crisis of the Third Century, also known as Military Anarchy or the Imperial Crisis, a period in which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the combined pressures of foreign invasions and migrations into the Roman territory, civil wars, peasant rebellions, political instability, Roman reliance on foreign mercenaries known as foederati and commanders nominally working for Rome, the devastating social and economic effects of the plague, debasement of currency, and economic depression. The crisis ended with the ascension of Diocletian and his implementation of reforms in 284.

Antonia Gordiana was a prominent, wealthy, and noble Roman woman who lived in the troubled and unstable 3rd century. She was the daughter of Roman emperor Gordian I, sister of Roman emperor Gordian II, and mother of Roman emperor Gordian III. The Augustan History names her as Maecia Faustina; however, modern historians dismiss this name as false. She was most probably born in Rome. Along with her elder brother, she was raised and spent her childhood in the house that Roman Republican general Pompey had built in Rome. Previous owners included Roman triumvir Mark Antony and Roman emperor Tiberius.

Lucius Valerius Claudius Acilius Priscillianus [Maximus] was a Roman senator.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maximinus Thrax</span> Roman emperor from 235 to 238

Maximinus Thrax was a Roman emperor from 235 to 238. Born of Thracian origin – giving the nickname "Thrax" – he rose up through the military ranks, ultimately holding high command in the army of the Rhine under Emperor Severus Alexander. After Severus was murdered in 235, he was proclaimed emperor by the army, beginning the Crisis of the Third Century.

Manius Acilius Aviola was a Roman senator who served as Consul ordinarius in 239 as the colleague of Emperor Gordian III. He is considered a son of the Manius Acilius Aviola who is mentioned as being present as a child at the meetings of the Arval Brethren for the years 183 and 186; as well as the descendant of the homonymous consul of AD 122.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Aquileia</span> Conflict between Maximinus Thrax and Roman Senate (238)

The siege of Aquileia was a siege battle that took place in 238 in the town of Aquileia during the Year of the Six Emperors, which resulted in the assassination of Maximinus Thrax.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gordian dynasty</span> 238-244 Roman imperial dynasty

The Gordian dynasty, sometimes known as the Gordianic dynasty, was short-lived, ruling the Roman Empire from 238 to 244 AD. The dynasty achieved the throne in 238 AD, after Gordian I and his son Gordian II rose up against Emperor Maximinus Thrax and were proclaimed co-emperors by the Roman Senate. Gordian II was killed by the governor of Numidia, Capillianus and Gordian I killed himself shortly after, only 22 days after he was declared emperor. In 238, Pupienus and Balbinus, who were not of the Gordian dynasty, were declared co-emperors but the Senate was forced to make Gordian III a third co-emperor in 238, due to the demands of the Roman people. Maximinus attempted to invade Italy but he was killed by his own soldiers when his army became frustrated. After this, the Praetorian Guard killed Pupienus and Balbinus, leaving Gordian III as the sole emperor. Gordian III ruled until AD 244 when he was either killed after his betrayal by Philip the Arab, or killed at the Battle of Misiche; with his death, the dynasty was ended and Philip the Arab became emperor.

References

  1. Meckler, Michael A. (June 26, 2001). "Gordian I (238 A.D.)". Die Imperatoribus Romanis. Salve Regina University. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
  2. Drinkwater, John (2007). "Maximinus to Diocletian and the 'Crisis'". In Bowman, Alan K.; Garnsey, Peter; Cameron, Averil (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History: The crisis of Empire, A.D. 193–337. Vol. XII (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9781139054393.