Acentrophryne

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Acentrophryne
Temporal range: Late Miocene to Recent
Acentrophryne longidens 2.png
A. longidens
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Lophiiformes
Family: Linophrynidae
Genus: Acentrophryne
Regan, 1926
Type species
Acentrophryne longidens
Regan, 1926

Acentrophryne is a genus of deep-sea anglerfish in the family Linophrynidae, the leftvents, known from the eastern Pacific Ocean. Fossils of the type species, A. longidens, have been found in Late Miocene strata of Rosedale, California.

Contents

Taxonomy

Acentrophryne was firs proposed as a monospecific genus in 1926 by the English ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan when he described Acentrophryne longidens as a new species. [1] A. longidens was described by Regan from a holotype collected at 7°30'N, 79°19'W in the Gulf of Panama from a depth of around 1,250 m (4,100 ft) by the Danish research vessel Dana . [2] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies this genus within the family Linophrynidae, which it places within the suborder Ceratioidei, the deep sea anglerfishes, within the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes. [3]

Etymology

Acentrophryne prefixes a, meaning "without", to kentron, meaning "spine", a reference to the lack of a spine on the preoperculum. This is then suffixed with phryne, which means "toad", commonly used in the names of anglerfish genera. Its use may date as far back as Aristotle and Cicero, who referred to anglerfishes as “fishing-frogs” and “sea-frogs,” respectively, possibly because of their resemblance to frogs and toads. [4]

Species

Acentrophryne contains the following recognized valid species: [5]

Characteristics

Acentrophryne is known only from metamorphosed females; the males and larvae are unknown. These females differ from the other genera of leftvents by the absence of a spine on the preoperculum. They also have no spines on the frontal, epiotic, and posttemporal bones and a smaller number of teeth, 6 to 26 premaxillary teeth and 9 to 16 on each side of the lower jaw. These teeth are very long and are arranged in two or three series of oblique rows, which overlap. There are also between 2 and 6 teeth on the vomer. The ninth ray of the caudal fin is around half the length of the eighth. The illicium has a length that is equivalent to between 35.7% and 70.5% of the standard length, and the esca has one distal appendage, which lacks pigment. There is no hyoid barbel. Apart from the distal appendage, these fishes are uniformly black. [6] The largest species in the genus is A. dolichonema with a maximum published standard length of 10.5 cm (4.1 in). [5]

Distribution and habitat

Acentrophryne leftvents are known only from the eastern Pacific Ocean, where they have been recorded off Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia and Peru at depths between 201 and 1,280 m (659 and 4,199 ft). [7] [8]

Fossil record

Acentophryne is known from the fossil record as a single specimen was found in 1977 from a Miocene diatomaceous deposit in the Puente Hills of Southern California. This was initially tentatively identified as being A. longidens but its identity is now left open as Acentrophryne sp.. Acentrophryne leftvents are endemic to the eastern Pacific and are adapted to low oxygen environments. The fossil specimen from California suggests that this genus originated in the Miocene and that hypoxic environments were more widespread in the eastern Pacific, as these reduced the genus underwent a contraction in its distribution and subsequent allopatric speciation. [9]

Related Research Articles

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Leftvents are a family, the Linophrynidae, of marine ray-finned fishes which is classified within the suborder Ceratioidei, the deep sea anglerfishes. These fishes are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Footballfish</span> Family of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fanfin</span> Family of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Double angler</span> Family of fishes

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triplewart seadevil</span> Species of fish

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<i>Haplophryne</i> Genus of anglerfish

Haplophryne mollis, the ghostly seadevil or soft leftvent angler, is a species of anglerfish in the family Linophrynidae and is the only species in the genus Haplophryne. It is found in the bathypelagic and mesopelagic zones of tropical and subtropical parts of the world's oceans at depths down to about 2,250 m (7,400 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toothed seadevil</span> Species of fish

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<i>Tyrannophryne</i> Monotypic genus of fish

Tyrannophryne is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep-sea anglerfishes. The only species in the gneus is Tyrannophryne pugnax, the tyrant devil. Like other oneirodids, T. pugnax is a bathypelagic fish with a bioluminescent lure. It is known only from two adolescent female specimens, one caught in 1928 near Tahiti-Rarotonga, and the other in 1956 northwest of Bikini Atoll.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anglerfish</span> Bony fish of the teleost order Lophiiformes

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<i>Diceratias</i> Genus of fishes

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<i>Borophryne</i> Species of fish

Borophryne apogon, the netdevil, or greedy seadevil, is a species of leftvent anglerfish known today from the waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean off the Central American coast. It is found at depths down to around 1,750 m (5,700 ft). This species grows to a length of 8.3 centimetres (3.3 in) TL. A fossil specimen of this species has been found in the Los Angeles Basin dating back to the Late Miocene, some eight million years ago.

<i>Linophryne</i> Genus of fishes

Linophryne, the bearded seadevils, is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Linophrynidae, the leftvents. These deep sea anglerfishes are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Chaenophryne</i> Genus of fishes

Chaenophryne is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. These predatory, deep-sea fishes are found in the tropical and subtropical oceans around the world. Like other deep-sea anglerfishes they are sexually dimorphic with the matamorphosed females dwarfing the metamorphosed males, the males are not sexual parasites.

Dolopichthys is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. These predatory, deep-sea fishes are found in the tropical and subtropical oceans around the world.

Microlophichthys is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. The species in this genus are found in the tropical and subtropical parts of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

<i>Diceratias bispinosus</i> Species of fish

Diceratias bispinosus, the two-rod angler, is a species of deep sea marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Diceratiidae, the double anglers. This species is found in the Indo-Pacific region.

<i>Chaenophryne draco</i> Species of fish

Chaenophryne draco, the smooth dreamer, or smooth-headed dreamer, is a species marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Oneirodidae, the dreamers, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. This predatory, deep-sea fish is found in the tropical and subtropical oceans around the world. Like other deep-sea anglerfishes it is sexually dimorphic with the matamorphosed females dwarfing the metamorphosed males, the males are not sexual parasites.

Linophryne macrodon is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Linophrynidae, the leftvents, a group of deep water anglerfishes., that live in waters 300 to 1000 m deep in theeastern pacific and western Atlantic Oceans.

<i>Acentrophryne dolichonema</i> Species of angler fish

Acentrophryne dolichonema is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Linophrynidae, the leftvents, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. This species is only known from the eastern Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru.

<i>Acentrophryne longidens</i> Species of fish

Acentrophryne longidens is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Linophryidae, the leftvents, a family of deep sea anglerfishes. This species is only known from the eastern Pacific Ocean off the coast of Costa Rica and Panama.

References

Drawing of A. dolichonema Acentrophryne dolichonema 2.png
Drawing of A. dolichonema
  1. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Linophrynidae". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  2. ↑ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Acentrophryne". Catalog of Fishes . California Academy of Sciences . Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  3. ↑ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 508–518. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN   978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN   2015037522. OCLC   951899884. OL   25909650M.
  4. ↑ Christopher Scharpf (19 August 2024). "Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 2): Families CAULOPHRYNIDAE, NEOCERATIIDAE, MELANOCETIDAE, HIMANTOLOPHIDAE, DICERATIIDAE, ONEIRODIDAE, THAUMATICHTHYIDAE, CENTROPHRYNIDAE, CERATIIDAE, GIGANTACTINIDAE and LINOPHRYNIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  5. 1 2 Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Acentrophryne". FishBase . June 2024 version.
  6. ↑ Pietsch, Theodore; Shimazaki, Mitsuomi; D. Buth (2005). "Revision of the Deep-Sea Anglerfish Genus Acentrophryne Regan (Lophiiformes: Ceratioidei: Linophrynidae), with the Description of a New Species from off Peru". Copeia. 2005 (2): 246–251. doi:10.1643/CH-04-291R.
  7. ↑ Carpenter, K.E. & Robertson, R. (2019). "Acentrophryne longidens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T140156007A140323003. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T140156007A140323003.en . Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  8. ↑ Carpenter, K.E. & Robertson, R. (2019). "Acentrophryne dolichonema". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T140151138A140322998. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T140151138A140322998.en . Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  9. ↑ Giorgio Carnevale; Theordore W. Pietsch (12 June 2009). "The deep-sea anglerfish genus Acentrophryne (Teleostei, Ceratioidei, Linophrynidae) in the Miocene of California" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 29 (2): 372–378. doi:10.1671/039.029.0232. ISSN   0272-4634. Wikidata   Q114229338.
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