Agaricus silvicola

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Agaricus silvicola
Agaricus silvicola father and son.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Agaricaceae
Genus: Agaricus
Species:
A. silvicola
Binomial name
Agaricus silvicola
Agaricus silvicola
Information icon.svg
Gills icon.png Gills on hymenium
Convex cap icon.svgFlat cap icon.svg Cap is convex or flat
Free gills icon2.svg Hymenium is free
Ring stipe icon.svg Stipe has a ring
Transparent spore print icon.svg
 Spore print is brown
Saprotrophic fungus.svgEcology is saprotrophic
Mycomorphbox Edible.pngMycomorphbox Caution.pngEdibility is edible or can cause allergic reactions

Agaricus silvicola, also known as the wood mushroom or woodland agaricus, [1] is a species of Agaricus mushroom related to the button mushroom.

Contents

Taxonomy

Originally described as the variety Agaricus campestris var. silvicola by Carlo Vittadini in 1832, it was promoted to distinct species status by Charles Horton Peck in 1873. [2] It is a member of Agaricus section Arvenses, a group of morphologically similar mushrooms. [3]

Varieties with larger bases have been described as A. abruptibulbus . [4]

Description

The cap is light cream, and bruises yellow ochre when damaged. It is 5–15 cm (2–6 in) in diameter, which makes it slightly smaller than its close relative A. arvensis . The stem is 5–15 cm (2–6 in) long and usually bulbous at the base. [5] It is much the same color as the cap, and has a fragile drooping ring. The flesh is thin, white, and smells of almond or anise. [6]

A. silvicola, like other species in Agaricus section Arvenses, exhibits a positive Schäffer's reaction and potassium hydroxide (KOH) reaction. [7] The spores are brown, elliptical, and smooth. [5]

Similar species

It looks fairly similar to a young death cap (Amanita phalloides). [8] There are also numerous similar Agaricus species:

Distribution and habitat

Agaricus silvicola grows in both deciduous and coniferous woodland in Europe (including Britain) and North America. [1] It has also been reported in South Asia, namely Bangladesh [9] and Pakistan. [10] Appearing in the autumn, it is rarely seen in huge numbers, usually just a few, or solitary. [6]

Edibility

It is edible and popular in Europe. [11] [12] It is suspected to have caused occasional adverse reactions in North America. [8]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Arora, David (1986) [1979]. Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. pp. 334–335. ISBN   978-0-89815-170-1.
  2. ↑ "Agaricus silvicola (Vittad.) Peck". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
  3. ↑ Mitchell, A. D.; Bresinsky, A. (1999-09-01). "Phylogenetic relationships of Agaricus species based on ITS-2 and 28S ribosomal DNA sequences" . Mycologia. 91 (5): 811–819. doi:10.1080/00275514.1999.12061086. ISSN   0027-5514.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. p. 191. ISBN   978-0-88192-935-5.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 228. ISBN   978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC   797915861.
  6. 1 2 3 Phillips, Roger (2006). Mushrooms. Pan MacMillan. ISBN   0-330-44237-6.
  7. ↑ Boniface, Tony (2020-01-01). "The use of odours in the identification of mushrooms and toadstools". Field Mycology. 21 (1): 28–30. doi: 10.1016/j.fldmyc.2020.01.010 . ISSN   1468-1641. S2CID   214123088.
  8. 1 2 "California Fungi: Agaricus silvicola". MykoWeb. Retrieved January 18, 2008.
  9. ↑ Das, K.; Aminuzzaman, F. M.; Akhtar, N. (25 February 2017). "Diversity of fleshy macro fungi in mangrove forest regions of Bangladesh". Journal of Biology and Nature. 6 (4).
  10. ↑ Razaq, A.; Shahzah, S. (2007). "Agaricus silvicola, a new record from Pakistan" (PDF). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 39 (1).
  11. ↑ "Agaricus sylvicola (Vittad.) Peck". Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2008.
  12. ↑ "Agaricus silvicola (Vittad.) Peck (1887)" . Retrieved January 18, 2008.
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