Arhynchobdellida

Proboscisless leeches
A giant Americobdella species from southern Chile.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Annelida
Clade:	Pleistoannelida
Clade:	Sedentaria
Class:	Clitellata
Subclass:	Hirudinea
Infraclass:	Euhirudinea
Order:	Arhynchobdellida Blanchard, 1894
Suborders
Erpobdelliformes Hirudiniformes and see text
Synonyms
Arhynchobdellae Stuart, 1982[ verification needed ] Pharyngobdellae Pharyngobdellida Johnson, 1913

Arhynchobdellida, the proboscisless leeches, are a monophyletic order of leeches. They are defined by the lack of the protrusible proboscis that defines their sister taxon, the Rhynchobdellida. ^{[1] [2] [3]} Arhynchobdellida is a diverse order, compromising both aquatic and terrestrial, besides sanguivorous and predatory, leeches. ^[3] The order is divided into two suborders, Erpobdelliformes and Hirudiniformes (sometimes also called the Pharyngobdelliformes and Gnathobdelliformes, respectively). ^[1]

Taxonomy

Historically, the Arhynchobdellida were split into two orders, the Gnathobdellida and the Pharyngobdellida. ^[4] The Gnathobdellida were jawed and carnivorous or parasitic while the Pharyngobdellida were jawless and carnivorous. ^{[5] [6]} Current taxonomy accepts the order Arhynchobdellida and divides into two suborders. There are 215 species of Arhynchobdellid leech, in 47 genera and 13 families. ^[7] The placement of Americobdellidae is uncertain; it has rudimentary jaws and is terrestrial.

Erpobdella octoculata (Erpobdelliformes:Erpobdellidae)

Erpobdelliformes

Erpobdelliformes are jawless predators of aquatic invertebrates of varying sizes, including insect larvae, mollusks, and other annelids. ^{[8] [9]} Unlike other leeches, they do not penetrate the skin of hosts; and are not at all parasitic. ^{[10] [11]} The pharynx is spirally twisted and very large to allow for large prey; it can constitute up to one third of the leech's body length. ^[1]

Haemipsida zeylanica japonica (Hirudiniformes:Haemipsidae)

Hirudiniformes

Hirudiniformes are a diverse suborder defined by the presence of toothed jaws. ^{[1] [11]}

Cladogram

Hirudinea	Arhynchobdellida Erpobdelliformes Americobdellidae ? Terrestrial, jawed*, carnivorous Erpobdellidae Aquatic, jawless, carnivorous Salifidae Aquatic, jawless, carnivorous Hirudiniformes Americobdellidae ? Terrestrial, jawed*, carnivorous Cylicobdellidae Terrestrial, jawed, carnivorous Haemadipsidae Terrestrial, jawed, almost all sanguivorous Haemopidae Semi-aquatic, jawed, sanguivorous Hirudinidae Terrestrial, jawed, carnivorous Macrobdellidae Praobdellidae Aquatic, jawed, sanguivorous Semiscolecidae Xerobdellidae Terrestrial, jawed, sanguivorous
	Rhynchobdellida

Source: ^[12]

References

1. Ax, Peter (2000), Ax, Peter (ed.), "Rhynchobdellida — Arhynchobdellida", Multicellular Animals: The Phylogenetic System of the Metazoa. Volume II, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 72–76, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10396-8_18, ISBN   978-3-662-10396-8 , retrieved 2022-12-31
2. Ecology, Environment and Conservation. EM International, Publishers of Quality International Journals. doi:10.53550/eec.
3. Uttam, Suneha, and Seema Langer. "Distribution and Identification key for species of freshwater leech genus Erpobdella Blainville, 1818 (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes: Erpobdellidae)."
4. "PAR volume 94 issue 1 Cover and Back matter". Parasitology. 94 (1): b1 –b3. Feb 1987. doi: 10.1017/S0031182000053385 . ISSN   1469-8161.
5. "Pharyngobdellida | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
6. "Gnathobdellida | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
7. "Proboscisless leeches - Encyclopedia of Life". www.eol.org. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
8. Kwak, Hee-Jin; Kim, Jung-Hyeuk; Kim, Joo-Young; Jeon, Donggu; Lee, Doo-Hyung; Yoo, Shinja; Kim, Jung; Eyun, Seong-il; Park, Soon Cheol; Cho, Sung-Jin (2021-05-25). "Behavioral variation according to feeding organ diversification in glossiphoniid leeches (Phylum: Annelida)". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 10940. Bibcode:2021NatSR..1110940K. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90421-1 . ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   8149456 . PMID   34035418. S2CID   235199192.
9. "Phylogeny and Revision of Erpobdelliformes (Annelida, Arhynchobdellida) from Mexico Based on Nuclear and Mithochondrial Gene Sequences". Docslib. Retrieved 2022-12-31.
10. Kutschera, U. "Description of a new leech species, Erpobdella wuttkei nov. sp.(Hirudinea: Erpobdellidae)."
11. Borda, Elizabeth; Siddall, Mark E (Jan 2004). "Arhynchobdellida (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Hirudinida): phylogenetic relationships and evolution". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (1): 213–225. Bibcode:2004MolPE..30..213B. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.09.002. ISSN   1055-7903. PMID   15022771.
12. Borda, Elizabeth; Sidall, Mark (2004-12-30). "Review of the evolution of life history strategies and phylogeny of the Hirudinida (Annelida: Oligochaeta)". Lauterbornia . 52: 7–15 – via ResearchGate.