Artemisia ludoviciana

Artemisia ludoviciana
Conservation status
Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Artemisia
Species:	A. ludoviciana
Binomial name
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.
Synonyms
Synonymy Artemisia albulaWooton Artemisia arachnoideaE.Sheld. Artemisia atomiferaPiper Artemisia brittoniiRydb. Artemisia candicansRydb. Artemisia cuneataRydb. Artemisia cuneifoliaScheele Artemisia discolorDouglas ex DC. Artemisia discolor var. incompta(Nutt.) A.Gray Artemisia diversifoliaRydb. Artemisia ghiesbreghtiiRydb. Artemisia gnaphalodesNutt. Artemisia gnaphalodes var. diversifoliaA.Nelson Artemisia gracilentaA.Nelson Artemisia herriotiiRydb. Artemisia incomptaNutt. Artemisia indica var. mexicanaA.Gray Artemisia integrifoliaRichardson Artemisia latilobaRydb. Artemisia lindheimerianaScheele Artemisia lindleyanaBesser Artemisia lindleyana var. brevifoliaBesser Artemisia lindleyana var. coronopusBesser Artemisia lindleyana var. legitimaBesser Artemisia lindleyana var. subdentataBesser Artemisia ludoviciana var. albula(Wooton) Shinners Artemisia ludoviciana var. americana(Besser) Fernald Artemisia ludoviciana var. atomiferaM.E.Jones Artemisia ludoviciana var. brittonii(Rydb.) Fernald Artemisia ludoviciana var. candicans(Rydb.) H.St.John Artemisia ludoviciana var. cuneata(Rydb.) Fernald Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. gnaphalodes(Nutt.) Á.Löve & D.Löve Artemisia ludoviciana var. gnaphalodes(Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray Artemisia ludoviciana var. incompta(Nutt.) Cronquist Artemisia ludoviciana var. latilobaNutt. Artemisia ludoviciana var. latifolia(Besser) Torr. & A.Gray Artemisia ludoviciana var. lindheimeriana(Scheele) Bush Artemisia ludoviciana var. mexicana(Willd. ex Spreng.) Fernald Artemisia ludoviciana var. mexicana(Spreng.) A.Gray Artemisia ludoviciana var. pabularis(A.Nelson) Fernald Artemisia ludoviciana var. redolens(A.Gray) Shinners Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. sulcata(Rydb.) D.D.Keck Artemisia ludoviciana f. tenuifoliaA.Gray Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. typicaD.D.Keck Artemisia mexicanaWilld. ex Spreng. Artemisia mexicana var. angustifoliaSch.Bip. Artemisia mexicana var. latifoliaSch.Bip. Artemisia mexicana var. silvicola(Osterh.) A.Nelson Artemisia microcephalaWooton Artemisia muelleriRydb. Artemisia neomexicanaGreene ex Rydb. Artemisia pabularisRydb. Artemisia paucicephalaA.Nelson Artemisia platyphyllaRydb. Artemisia prescottianaBesser Artemisia pudicaRydb. Artemisia pumilaNutt. Artemisia purshiana var. angustifoliaBesser Artemisia purshiana var. latifoliaBesser Artemisia redolensA.Gray Artemisia revolutaRydb. 1916 not Edgew. 1846 Artemisia rhizomataA.Nelson Artemisia rhizomata var. pabularisA.Nelson Artemisia silvicolaOsterh. Artemisia sulcataRydb. Artemisia vulgaris var. americanaBesser Artemisia vulgaris subsp. candicansH.M.Hall & Clem. Artemisia vulgaris var. candicans(Rydb.) M.Peck Artemisia vulgaris subsp. discolor(Douglas) H.M.Hall & Clem. Artemisia vulgaris var. discolor(Douglas) Jeps. Artemisia vulgaris subsp. gnaphalodes(Nutt.) H.M.Hall & Clem. Artemisia vulgaris var. gnaphalodes(Nutt.) Kuntze Artemisia vulgaris var. incomptaH.St.John Artemisia vulgaris subsp. lindleyana(Besser) H.M.Hall & Clem. Artemisia vulgaris var. lindleyana(Besser) Jeps. Artemisia vulgaris subsp. ludoviciana(Nutt.) H.M.Hall & Clem. Artemisia vulgaris var. ludoviciana(Nutt.) Kuntze Artemisia vulgaris subsp. mexicana(Willd. ex Spreng.) H.M.Hall & Clem. Artemisia vulgaris var. mexicana(Willd. ex Spreng.) Torr. & A.Gray Artemisia vulgaris subsp. redolensH.M.Hall & Clem. Oligosporus mexicanus(Willd. ex Spreng.) Less.

A. l. subsp. albula, Spring Mountains, southern Nevada, elevation around 1,050 m

Artemisia ludoviciana is a North American species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae, known by several common names, including silver wormwood, western mugwort, Louisiana wormwood, white sagebrush, lobed cud-weed, prairie sage, and gray sagewort. ^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}

Ludoviciana is the Latinized version of the word Louisiana. ^[5]

Description

Artemisia ludoviciana is a rhizomatous perennial growing to heights of 0.3–1.0 m (0.98–3.28 ft). The stems bear linear leaves up to 11 cm long. The stems and foliage are covered in woolly gray or white hairs. The top of the stem is occupied by a narrow inflorescence of many nodding (hanging) flower heads. Each small head is a cup of hairy phyllaries surrounding a center of yellowish disc florets and is about 0.5 cm wide. The fruit is a minute achene. Flowers bloom July to October. ^[6]

Distribution and habitat

The plant is native to North America where it is widespread across most of the United States, Canada, and Mexico. ^{[1] [2] [7] [8]} Some botanists suggest that eastern United States populations have been introduced from the western and central part of the continent. ^[9] Its habitats include dry slopes, canyons, open pine woods, and dry prairies. ^[6]

Subspecies

The following subspecies are recognised: ^[10]

• A. l. subsp. albula(Wooton) D.D.Keck—deserts from California and Colorado to Chihuahua, Sonora, Baja California
• A. l. subsp. candicans(Rydb.) D.D.Keck—Rocky Mountains and Cascade Range from Alberta, British Columbia to California, Colorado
• A. l. subsp. incompta(Nutt.) D.D.Keck—mountains from Alberta, British Columbia, to Mexico
• A. l. subsp. lindleyana(Besser) Lesica—Chihuahua, Sonora, Arizona
• A. l. subsp. ludoviciana—western and central United States and western Canada
• A. l. subsp. mexicana(Willd. ex Spreng.) D.D.Keck— Mexico as far south as Puebla; United States as far north as Colorado and Missouri
• A. l. subsp. redolens(A.Gray) D.D.Keck—Durango, Chihuahua, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas

Uses

Indigenous usage

Indigenous tribes across the continent use the species as a medicinal plant, a source of fiber for crafting household items, and for ceremonial purposes. ^[11] The Dakota people use this plant in smudging rituals to protect against maleficent spirits. The Apache, Chiricahua and Mescalero use it for spices, ^[12] while Blackfoot tribe use it as a drug for dermatological use. ^[13] The Cree and Blackfoot tribes use it in sweat lodges and the sun dance. ^[4] Gros Ventre also use it for skin curing and as medicine against cold, because it is also antipyretic. ^[14] The Meskwaki and Potawatomi use a tea made from this species as a treatment for sore throat and tonsillitis. ^[3]

Cultivation

A. ludoviciana is cultivated as an ornamental plant. ^[15] Being rhizomatous, it can spread aggressively in some climates and gardens. It grows in dry to medium moisture and well-drained soil. It requires full sun. ^[5]

Popular cultivars include 'Valerie Finnis' and 'Silver Queen'. Both are hardy to USDA zone 4. 'Valerie Finnis' has held the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit since 1993. ^[16]

References

1. National Plant Germplasm System−GRIN.gov: Artemisia ludoviciana Retrieved 26 November 2017.
2. Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 527 Silver wormwood, white or silver sage Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 143. 1818.
3. Smith, Huron H. (1978). Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians. AMS Press. OCLC   68943064.
4. "Indigenous Teaching & Learning Gardens - Prairie Sage". sites.google.com. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
5. "Artemisia ludoviciana - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org.
6. "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2022-02-18.
7. Berendsohn, W.G. & A.E. Araniva de González. 1989. Listado básico de la Flora Salvadorensis: Dicotyledonae, Sympetalae (pro parte): Labiatae, Bignoniaceae, Acanthaceae, Pedaliaceae, Martyniaceae, Gesneriaceae, Compositae. Cuscatlania 1(3): 290–1–290–13
8. Turner, B. L. 1996. The Comps of Mexico: A systematic account of the family Asteraceae, vol. 6. Tageteae and Athemideae. Phytologia Memoirs 10: i–ii, 1–22, 43–93
9. Biota of North America Program: county distribution map Retrieved 26 November 2017.
10. "Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-06-16.
11. University of Michigan @ Dearborn, Native American Ethnobotany of Artemisia ludoviciana Retrieved 26 November 2017.
12. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler (1936). Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache. Vol. 4. University of New Mexico Bulletin. p. 47.
13. Hellson, John C. (1974). Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa . Mercury Series. National Museums of Canada. pp.  17–124.
14. Hart, Jeff (1992). Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press. p. 44.
15. Las Pilitas Horticulture Database: Artemisia ludoviciana (White Sagebrush) Retrieved 26 November 2017.
16. "RHS Plant Selector - Artemisia ludoviciana 'Valerie Finnis'" . Retrieved 23 February 2020.

External links

• Calflora Database: Artemisia ludoviciana (Mugwort, Silver wormwood)
• Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Artemisia ludoviciana
• Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California