Barolo shearwater

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Barolo shearwater
Barolo Shearwater.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Procellariiformes
Family: Procellariidae
Genus: Puffinus
Species:
P. baroli
Binomial name
Puffinus baroli
(Bonaparte, 1857)

The Barolo shearwater (Puffinus baroli), also known as the North Atlantic little shearwater or Macaronesian shearwater, is a small shearwater which breeds in the Azores and Canaries of Macaronesia in the North Atlantic Ocean. The English name and the specific baroli refers to Carlo Tencredi Falletti, marquis of Barolo.

Contents

Taxonomy

Barolo shearwater was formally described in 1857 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte under the binomial name Procellaria baroli. [1] The specific epithet commemorates Carlo Tencredi Falletti, marquis of Barolo. [2] This shearwater is now placed in the genus Puffinus that was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) as the type species. [3] [4] The species in monotypic: no subspecies are recognised. [4]

It was previously considered conspecific with the little shearwater (Puffinus assimilis) of the southern hemisphere. Mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequence analysis indicated that baroli and boydi were very close to the nominate subspecies of Audubon's shearwater. [5] BirdLife International retain the forms baroli and boydi within little shearwater. The British Ornithologists' Union accepted P. baroli as a distinct species in 2005, [6] as has Clements Checklist . The American Ornithologists' Union followed in 2013. [7]

Description

Features that distinguish the Barolo shearwater from the Manx shearwater and other North Atlantic Puffinus species include the pale face, silvery panel in the upperwings, shorter more rounded wings, and blue feet. [8] As well as the pale face with the darkly contrasting eye. [9]

Distribution

The Barolo shearwater breeds on the Azores, Desertas, Savage and Canary Islands. [10] The largest colony, of 1400 pairs, occurs on the Selvagen Islands. [11] The non-breeding range is the tropical and sub-tropic northeast Atlantic. [12]

Behaviour

The Barolo shearwater feeds in the upper 15m of the water column, which is similar to the closely related Audubon's shearwater Puffinus lherminieri of the western Atlantic and Caribbean Sea. Barolo shearwaters do not have a preferred time of day to forage or rest and they may hunt for food during either day or night, although they seem to be more ready to fly in the daylight hours. They feed mainly on fish and cephalopods, with Argonauta argo being the most common cephalopod taken in the Azores but also being part of a diverse selection of cephalopod prey, while the fish taken were almost exclusively Phycis spp. [13]

Threats

Like other Procellariforms, introduced predators (rats and cats) must be their main threats at breeding colonies. In addition, fledglings are attracted to artificial lights at night during their maiden flights from nests to the sea. [14] On Tenerife, Canary Islands, a decline on the number of birds attracted to lights have been reported, suggesting a population decline on the island. [15]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Procellariidae</span> Family of seabirds which includes petrels, shearweters and prions

The family Procellariidae is a group of seabirds that comprises the fulmarine petrels, the gadfly petrels, the diving petrels, the prions, and the shearwaters. This family is part of the bird order Procellariiformes, which also includes the albatrosses and the storm petrels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manx shearwater</span> Species of bird

The Manx shearwater is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. The scientific name of this species records a name shift: Manx shearwaters were called Manks puffins in the 17th century. Puffin is an Anglo-Norman word for the cured carcasses of nestling shearwaters. The Atlantic puffin acquired the name much later, possibly because of its similar nesting habits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Balearic shearwater</span> Species of bird

The Balearic shearwater is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. Puffinus is a Neo-Latin loanword based on the English "puffin" and its variants, that referred to the cured carcass of the fat nestling of the Manx shearwater, a former delicacy. The specific mauretanicus refers to Mauretania, an old name for an area of North Africa roughly corresponding to Morocco and Algeria. The Balearic Shearwater is listed critically endangered by the IUCN and is one of Europe's most endangered seabirds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great shearwater</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cory's shearwater</span> Species of bird

Cory's shearwater is a large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. It breeds colonially on the archipelago of the Azores in the eastern Atlantic. Outside the breeding season it ranges widely in the Atlantic. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with Scopoli's shearwater.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zino's petrel</span> Small seabird in the gadfly petrel genus

Zino's petrel or the freira, is a species of small seabird in the gadfly petrel genus, endemic to the island of Madeira. This long-winged petrel has a grey back and wings, with a dark "W" marking across the wings, and a grey upper tail. The undersides of the wings are blackish apart from a triangle of white at the front edge near the body, and the belly is white with grey flanks. It is very similar in appearance to the slightly larger Fea's petrel, and separating these two Macaronesian species at sea is very challenging. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the soft-plumaged petrel, P. mollis, but they are not closely related, and Zino's was raised to the status of a species because of differences in morphology, calls, breeding behaviour and mitochondrial DNA. It is one of Europe's most endangered seabirds, with breeding areas restricted to a few ledges high in the central mountains of Madeira.

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<i>Puffinus</i> Genus of birds

Puffinus is a genus of seabirds in the order Procellariiformes that contains about 20 small to medium-sized shearwaters. Two other shearwater genera are named: Calonectris, which comprises three or four large shearwaters, and Ardenna with another seven species.

<i>Calonectris</i> Genus of birds

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sargasso shearwater</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pink-footed shearwater</span> Species of bird

The pink-footed shearwater is a species of seabird. The bird is 48 cm (19 in) in length, with a 109 cm (43 in) wingspan. It is polymorphic, having both darker- and lighter-phase populations. Together with the equally light-billed flesh-footed shearwater, it forms the Hemipuffinus group, a superspecies that may or may not have an Atlantic relative in the great shearwater. These are large shearwaters which are among those that could be separated in the genus Ardenna.

<i>Pseudobulweria</i> Genus of birds

Pseudobulweria is a genus of seabirds in the family Procellariidae. They have long been retained with the gadfly petrel genus Pterodroma despite morphological differences. Mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequence analysis has confirmed the split out of Pterodroma and places the genus closer to shearwaters. They thus represent either a plesiomorphic lineage still sharing some traits of the ancestral Procellariidae with the gadfly petrels, or convergent evolution of a shearwater to the ecological niche of gadfly petrels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boyd's shearwater</span> Species of bird

Boyd's shearwater, also known as the Cape Verde little shearwater, is a small shearwater which breeds in the Cape Verde archipelago of the Atlantic Ocean some 570 km off the coast of West Africa. The epithet commemorates British ornithologist Arnold Boyd.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scopoli's shearwater</span> Species of bird

Scopoli's shearwater is a seabird in the petrel family Procellariidae. It breeds on rocky islands and on steep coasts in the Mediterranean but outside the breeding season it forages in the Atlantic. It is brownish grey above with darker wings and mostly white below. The bill is pale yellow with a dark patch near the tip. The sexes are alike. It was formerly considered to be conspecific with Cory's shearwater.

References

  1. ↑ Bonaparte, Charles Lucien (1857). Conspectus Generum Avium (in Latin). Vol. 2. Lugduni Batavorum: Apud E.J. Brill. p. 204.
  2. ↑ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 67. ISBN   978-1-4081-2501-4.
  3. ↑ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1, p. 56, Vol. 6, pp. 129-130.
  4. 1 2 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Petrels, albatrosses". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  5. ↑ Austin, J.J.; Bretagnolle, V.; Pasquet, E. (2004). "A global molecular phylogeny of the small Puffinus shearwaters and implications for systematics of the little-Audubon's shearwater complex". The Auk. 121 (3): 847–864. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0847:AGMPOT]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR   4090321.
  6. ↑ Sangster, G.; Collinson, J.M.; Helbig, A.J.; Knox, A.G.; Parkin, D.T. (2005). "Taxonomic recommendations for British birds: third report". Ibis. 147 (4): 821–826. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2005.00483.x .
  7. ↑ Chesser, R.T.; Banks, R.C.; Barker, F.K.; Cicero, C.; Dunn, J.L.; Kratter, A.W.; Lovette, I.J.; Rasmussen, P.C.; Remsen, J.V.J.; Rising, J.D.; Stotz, D.F.; Winker, K. (2013). "Fifty-Fourth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds". The Auk. 130 (3): 558–571. doi: 10.1525/auk.2013.130.3.1 .
  8. ↑ McGeehan & Mullarney 1995, Martin & Rowlands 2001.
  9. ↑ "Barolo's Shearwater Puffinus baroli (Bonaparte, 1857)". Wind Birds, Lda. 2005-10-07. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
  10. ↑ Kirwan, G.M.; Carboneras, C.; Jutglar, F. (2020). Billerman, S.M.; Keeney, B.K.; Rodewald, P.G.; Schulenberg, T.S. (eds.). "Barolo Shearwater (Puffinus baroli), version 1.0" . Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.litshe1.01. S2CID   241706768 . Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  11. ↑ "Macaronesian Shearwater (Barolo Shearwater)". www.birdsandcompany.com. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
  12. ↑ Ramos, R.; Paiva, V.H.; Zajková, Z.; Precheur, C.; Fagundes, A.I.; Jodice, P.G.R.; Mackin, W.; Zino, F.; Bretagnolle, V.; González-Solís, J. (2021). "Spatial ecology of closely related taxa: the case of the little shearwater complex in the North Atlantic Ocean". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 191 (2): 482–502. doi: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa045 . hdl: 10261/228870 .
  13. ↑ Neves, V.C.; Bried, J.; González-Solís, J.; Roscales, J.L.; Clarke, M.R. (2012). "Feeding ecology and movements of the Barolo shearwater Puffinus baroli baroli in the Azores, NE Atlantic". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 452: 269–285. Bibcode:2012MEPS..452..269N. doi: 10.3354/meps09670 . hdl: 2445/61235 .
  14. ↑ Rodríguez, Airam (2009). "Attraction of petrels to artificial lights in the Canary Islands: effects of the moon phase and age class". Ibis. 151 (2): 299–310. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00925.x. hdl: 10261/45133 .
  15. ↑ Rodríguez, Airam (2012). "Trends in numbers of petrels attracted to artificial lights suggest population declines in Tenerife, Canary Islands". Ibis. 154: 167–172. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2011.01175.x. hdl: 10261/45113 .
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