Little shearwater

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Little shearwater
PuffinusElegansKeulemans.jpg
Puffinus assimilis elegans
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Procellariiformes
Family: Procellariidae
Genus: Puffinus
Species:
P. assimilis
Binomial name
Puffinus assimilis
Gould, 1838
Subspecies
  • P. a. assimilis(Gould, 1838)
    Tasman Sea little shearwater
  • P. a. tunneyi Mathews , 1912
    Western Australia little shearwater
  • P. a. kermadecensis Murphy , 1927
    Kermadec little shearwater
  • P. a. haurakiensis J. H. Fleming & Serventy , 1943
    New Zealand little shearwater
Barolo shearwater off Madeira Little shearwater (Puffinus assimilis).jpg
Barolo shearwater off Madeira

The little shearwater (Puffinus assimilis) is a small shearwater in the petrel family Procellariidae. Despite the generic name, it is unrelated to the puffins, which are auks, the only similarity being that they are both burrow-nesting seabirds.

Contents

Description

This shearwater has the typically "shearing" flight of the genus, dipping from side to side on stiff wings with few beats, the wingtips almost touching the water, though in light winds it has a more flapping flight than that of its larger relatives. In flight it looks cross-shaped, with its wings held at right angles to the body, its colouration changing from black to white as the black upperparts and white underparts are alternately exposed as it travels low over the sea.

At 25–30 cm (9.8–11.8 in) in length with a 58–67 cm (23–26 in) wingspan, it is like a small Manx shearwater but has proportionally shorter and broader wings, with a pale area on the inner flight feathers. Its bill is more slender than that of Manx, and its dark eye stands out against the surrounding white area.

Taxonomy

mtDNA cytochrome b sequence data indicate that the former North Atlantic little shearwater group (Boyd's shearwater, P. boydi and Barolo shearwater, P. baroli) is closer to Audubon's shearwater (Austin 1996, Heidrich et al. 1998), (although many taxonomists now consider them to be distinct species), and Rapa shearwater (P. myrtae), being closer to the Newell's and possibly Townsend's shearwater (Austin et al. 2004). Heinroth's shearwater was also sometimes considered a subspecies of this bird; the relationship between the little and Audubon's shearwater is probably not as close as long believed (Austin 1996, Heidrich et al. 1998, Austin et al. 2001, but see also Penhallurick & Wink 2004, and Rheindt & Austin 2005). The subantarctic shearwater was also considered conspecific (Onley & Scofield 2007, Gill et al. 2010)

Distribution and habitat

It breeds in colonies on islands and coastal cliffs, nesting in burrows which are only visited at night to avoid predation by large gulls.

Behaviour

This is a gregarious species, which can be seen in large numbers from boats or headlands, especially on migration in autumn. It feeds on fish and molluscs. It does not follow boats. It is silent at sea, but at night the breeding colonies are alive with raucous cackling calls.

It nests in cavities located in grassy fields or in those found among rocks. [2]

The little shearwater usually produces a clutch of one clear white egg, measuring around 51 by 35 millimetres (2.0 by 1.4 in). The egg is incubated for 52 to 58 days by both sexes. [2]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yelkouan shearwater</span> Species of bird

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<i>Puffinus</i> Genus of birds

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<i>Calonectris</i> Genus of birds

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christmas shearwater</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audubon's shearwater</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Short-tailed shearwater</span> Species of bird

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pink-footed shearwater</span> Species of bird

The pink-footed shearwater is a species of seabird. The bird is 48 cm (19 in) in length, with a 109 cm (43 in) wingspan. It is polymorphic, having both darker- and lighter-phase populations. Together with the equally light-billed flesh-footed shearwater, it forms the Hemipuffinus group, a superspecies that may or may not have an Atlantic relative in the great shearwater. These are large shearwaters which are among those that could be separated in the genus Ardenna.

<i>Ardenna</i> Genus of birds

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The Rapa shearwater, is a rare seabird of the tropics from the family Procellariidae. It breeds on the surrounding islets of Rapa in the Austral Islands of French Polynesia where it is known locally as the kaki kaki.

References

  1. BirdLife International (2018). "Puffinus assimilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T45959011A132668808. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T45959011A132668808.en . Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 Hauber, Mark E. (1 August 2014). The Book of Eggs: A Life-Size Guide to the Eggs of Six Hundred of the World's Bird Species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 44. ISBN   978-0-226-05781-1.