Bidens bipinnata

Bidens bipinnata
1913 illustration [1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Bidens
Species:	B. bipinnata
Binomial name
Bidens bipinnata L. 1753
Synonyms [2]
Bidens cicutifoliaTausch Bidens cicutaefoliaTausch Bidens decompositaWall. ex DC. Bidens elongataTausch Bidens fervidaHort. ex Colla Bidens myrrhidifoliaTausch Bidens wallichiiDC. Kerneria bipinnata(L.) Gren. & Godr.

Bidens bipinnata is a common and widespread species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae.

Distribution

Its native range remains uncertain due to its global distribution, however prevailing thought places its origin in Asia and North America. It is most commonly called by the common name Spanish needles. ^{[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]}

Description

Bidens bipinnata is an annual herb up to 150 cm (60 inches) tall. It produces white or yellow flower heads each containing both disc florets and ray florets. The species grows in fields, forests, and disturbed sites such as road embankments and fallow agricultural areas. ^{[9] [10] [11]}

Habitat

B. pinnata tends to be a weedy, ruderal species. ^[12] It prefers moist, sandy soils and shaded environments. ^[12]

Uses

B. pinnata can be used as a potherb. ^[13]

Gallery

• 
  A yellow B. bipinnata flower blooming in mid-October in Texas.
• 
  Needle-like seeds, hence the name "Spanish Needle". Each bearing three to four barbed spikes to facilitate propagation.

See also

• bidens tripartita

References

1. from Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. 3 vols. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York
2. The Plant List, Bidens bipinnata L.
3. Dodson, C.H. & A.H. Gentry. 1978. Flora of the Río Palenque Science Center: Los Ríos Province, Ecuador. Selbyana 4(1–6): i–xxx, 1–628
4. Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).
5. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
6. Humbert, H. 1923. Les Composées de Madagascar. Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie 25: 1–335
7. Schwegman, J. E. 1991. The Vascular Flora of Langham Island, Kankakee County, Illinois. Erigenia 11: 1–8
8. Stevens, W. D., C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool & O. M. Montiel. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i–xlii,.
9. Flora of North America, Bidens bipinnata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 832. 1753.
10. Flora of China, 婆婆针 po po zhen, Bidens bipinnata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 832. 1753.
11. Altervista Flora Italiana, Forbicina con foglie bipennate, Bidens bipinnata L. includes photos and European distribution map
12. Florida State University Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium database. URL: https://herbarium.bio.fsu.edu. Last accessed: June 2014. Collectors: Bian Tan, Loran C. Anderson, Ed Keppner, Lisa Keppner, Richard S. Mitchell, R.K. Godfrey, R. Kral, Wilson Baker, R. Komarek, Andre F. Clewell, R.A. Norris, and Andre F. Clewell. States and Counties: Florida: Columbia, Wakulla, Bay, Calhoun, Leon, Franklin, Jackson, Jefferson, and Liberty. Georgia: Grady.
13. Fernald, et al. 1958. Edible Plants of Eastern North America. Harper and Row Publishers, New York.

External links

Media related to Bidens bipinnata at Wikimedia Commons