Bidens

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Bidens
Bidenstripartita.jpg
Bidens tripartita
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Coreopsideae
Genus: Bidens
L. [1]
Synonyms [2]
  • AdenolepisLess.
  • CampylothecaCass.
  • DeluciaDC.
  • DiodontaNutt.
  • DolichothecaCass.
  • EdwarsiaNeck., not validly publ.
  • ForbicinaSég., nom. superfl.
  • GemellaHill
  • HeliophthalmumRaf.
  • KerneriaMoench
  • MegalodontaGreene
  • MicrolecaneSch.Bip. ex Benth. & Hook.f.
  • PluridensNeck., not validly publ.
  • PrestinariaSch.Bip. ex Hochst., not validly publ.

Bidens is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. [3] The genus include roughly 230 species which are distributed worldwide. [4] Despite their global distribution, the systematics and taxonomy of the genus has been described as complicated and unorganized. [4] [5] The common names beggarticks, black jack, burr marigolds, cobbler's pegs, Spanish needles, stickseeds, tickseeds and tickseed sunflowers refer to the fruits of the plants, most of which are bristly and barbed. The generic name refers to the same character; Bidens comes from the Latin bis ("two") and dens ("tooth"). [3]

Contents

Phylogeny, taxonomy and diversity

Bidens cernua Bidens cernua.jpeg
Bidens cernua

Despite their global distribution, the systematics and taxonomy of the genus has been described as complicated and unorganized. [4] [5] The genus include roughly 230 species. [6] [7]

Bidens is closely related to the American genus Coreopsis , and the genera are sometimes difficult to tell apart; in addition, neither is monophyletic. [8]

Species

Species include: [3] [9] [10] [11]

Formerly placed here

Distribution

Bidens includes roughly 230 species which are distributed worldwide [4] throughout many tropical and warm temperate regions. [6] Species occur in the Americas, Africa, Polynesia, Europe and Asia. [13]

Bidens are zoochorous; their seeds will stick to clothing, fur or feathers, and be carried to new habitat. This has enabled them to colonize a wide range, including many oceanic islands. Some of these species occur only in a very restricted range and several are now threatened with extinction, notably in the Hawaiian Islands. Due to the absence of native mammals on these islands, some of the oceanic island taxa have reduced burrs, evolving features that seem to aid in dispersal by the wind instead.

Human use and interactions

Nodding beggarticks (B. cernua) and hairy beggarticks (B. pilosa) are useful as honey plants. Several Bidens species are used as food by the caterpillars of certain Lepidoptera, such as the noctuid moth Hypercompe hambletoni and the brush-footed butterfly Vanessa cardui , the painted lady.

The Bidens mottle virus, a plant pathogen, was first isolated from B. pilosa, and it infects many other Asteraceae and plants of other families.

Native Hawaiians drink a special tea out of their leaves (known collectively as koʻokoʻolau) [14] back when they were abundant in Hawaii.

Related Research Articles

<i>Cosmos</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family

Cosmos is a genus, with the same common name of cosmos, consisting of flowering plants in the sunflower family.

<i>Coreopsis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Coreopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Common names include calliopsis and tickseed, a name shared with various other plants.

<i>Bidens tripartita</i> Species of plants in the sunflower family

Bidens tripartita is a common and widespread species of flowering plant in the sunflower family, Asteraceae, commonly known as three-lobe beggarticks, three-part beggarticks, leafy-bracted beggarticks or trifid bur-marigold. It is native to much of Eurasia, North Africa, and North America, with naturalized populations in Australia and on some Pacific Islands.

<i>Bidens frondosa</i> North American species of flowering plant

Bidens frondosa is a North American species of flowering plant in the aster family, Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of Canada, the United States, and Mexico It is known in many other parts of the world as an introduced species, including Europe, Asia, Morocco, and New Zealand. Its many common names include devil's beggarticks, devil's-pitchfork, devil's bootjack, sticktights, bur marigold, pitchfork weed, tickseed sunflower, leafy beggarticks, and common beggar-ticks.

<i>Bidens campylotheca</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens campylotheca, the viper beggarticks, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It belongs to the genus Bidens, collectively called kokoʻolau or koʻokoʻolau in the Hawaiian language. It is found only in the Hawaiian Islands.

<i>Bidens cosmoides</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens cosmoides, commonly known as the cosmosflower beggarticks, is a species of flowering plant in the sunflower family. It is endemic to mixed mesic forests at elevations of 2,000–3,000 ft (610–910 m) on the island of Kauaʻi in Hawaii. This particular member of the genus Bidens is far larger than its relatives and is pollinated by birds.

Bidens molokaiensis, the Molokaʻi beggarticks, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It belongs to the genus Bidens, collectively called kokoʻolau or koʻokoʻolau in the Hawaiian language. It is found only on Molokaʻi in the Hawaiian Islands.

<i>Bidens wiebkei</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens wiebkei, the Molokaʻi koʻokoʻolau or Wiebke's beggarticks, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It belongs to the genus Bidens, collectively called kokoʻolau or koʻokoʻolau in the Hawaiian language. It is found only on Molokaʻi in the Hawaiian Islands. There are three occurrences of the plant remaining, for a total population of fewer than 1000.

<i>Dendrophorbium</i> Genus of flowering plants

Dendrophorbium is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.

<i>Pectis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Pectis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1759.

Oxylobus is a genus of Mesoamerican flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.

<i>Bidens torta</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens torta, the corkscrew beggarticks, is a flowering plant species in the family Asteraceae.

<i>Bidens micrantha</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens micrantha is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name grassland beggarticks. It is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, where it and other Bidens species are known as kōʻokoʻolau. It occurs in many types of habitat on Lānaʻi, Maui, and Hawaiʻi, including rocky cliffs, dry forests, mesic forests, wet forests, and high shrublands.

<i>Bidens mauiensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens mauiensis, common names Maui beggarticks and ko`oko`olau, is a herb in the family Asteraceae.

<i>Bidens amplissima</i> Species in the Asteraceae family

Bidens amplissima, also known as the Vancouver Island beggarticks, is a wetland annual species in the sunflower family, Asteraceae that is listed as Special Concern in Canada and has a limited global range. More than 85% of known populations occur in southwestern British Columbia, with the remainder in northwestern Washington. Bidens amplissima occurs across a remarkable range of environmental conditions, both along the edges of freshwater ponds and under saline conditions in estuaries. Bidens amplissima displays a broad range of morphological variation and overlaps in morphological characteristics with two closely related and occurring species, B. cernua and B. tripartita.

<i>Bidens aurea</i> North American species of flowering plant

Bidens aurea , the Arizona beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of Mexico and found also in Arizona and Guatemala. The species is also naturalized in parts of Europe and South America.

<i>Bidens hyperborea</i> Species of aquatic plant

Bidens hyperborea is a variable species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known from estuarine regions in northeastern North America. It is similar to Bidens cernua, Bidens laevis, and Bidens eatonii. B. hyperborea is listed as an endangered species in the state of Massachusetts, where it is threatened by habitat degradation, and is listed by NatureServe as critically imperiled (S1) in the province of Ontario and possibly extirpated from New Hampshire.

<i>Bidens mitis</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens mitis, the smallfruit beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the eastern, southeastern, and south-central parts of the United States, from eastern Texas to southern New Jersey.

References

  1. "Genus: Bidens L". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
  2. "Bidens L." Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 2024-05-21.
  3. 1 2 3 Bidens. Flora of North America.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Knope, M. L., Funk, V. A., Johnson, M. A., Wagner, W. L., Datlof, E. M., Johnson, G., ... & Carlquist, S. (2020). Dispersal and adaptive radiation of Bidens (Compositae) across the remote archipelagoes of Polynesia. Journal of Systematics and Evolution, 58(6), 805-822.
  5. 1 2 Ganders, F. R., Berbee, M., & Perseyedi, M. (2000). ITS base sequence phylogeny in Bidens (Asteraceae): Evidence for the continental relatives of Hawaiian and Marquesan Bidens. Systematic Botany,25(1), 122-133.
  6. 1 2 Bidens. New South Wales Flora Online. National Herbarium, Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney.
  7. Bidens. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
  8. Crawford, D. J. and M. E. Mort. (2005). Phylogeny of Eastern North American Coreopsis (Asteraceae-Coreopsideae): insights from nuclear and plastid sequences, and comments on character evolution. American Journal of Botany 92(2), 330-36.
  9. Bidens. Flora of China.
  10. 1 2 "GRIN Species Records of Bidens". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2009-01-20. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
  11. "Bidens". Integrated Taxonomic Information System . Retrieved 2011-02-12.
  12. Crowe, D. R. and W. H. Parker. (1981). Hybridization and agamospermy of Bidens in northwestern Ontario. Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine Taxon 30(4): 749-60.
  13. Ganders, F. R., et al. (2000). ITS base sequence phylogeny in Bidens (Asteraceae): Evidence for the continental relatives of Hawaiian and Marquesan Bidens. Systematic Botany 25(1) 122-33.
  14. Chock, Alvin K. (1968). "Hawaiian Ethnobotanical Studies I. Native Food and Beverage Plants". Economic Botany. 22 (3): 232. doi:10.1007/BF02861956. ISSN   0013-0001. JSTOR   4252960.