Bidens frondosa

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Bidens frondosa
Bidens frondosa.jpg
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Bidens
Species:
B. frondosa
Binomial name
Bidens frondosa
L.
Synonyms [1]

Bidens melanocarpaWiegand

Bidens frondosa is a North American species of flowering plant in the aster family, Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of Canada, the United States, and Mexico [2] [3] [4] It is known in many other parts of the world as an introduced species, including Europe, Asia, Morocco, and New Zealand. [2] [5] [6] Its many common names include devil's beggarticks, devil's-pitchfork, devil's bootjack, sticktights, bur marigold, pitchfork weed, tickseed sunflower, [7] leafy beggarticks, [8] and common beggar-ticks. [9]

Contents

Ecology and habitat

Bidens frondosa grows best where there is ample soil moisture and sun, especially in areas where something has disrupted the existing plant community leaving bare ground. It can survive in water saturated soils, frequently found growing at the water's edge, in drainage ditches or on flood plains. [10] [11]

The defoliating caterpillar of Hadjina chinensis , which is limited to Bidens species, has been observed on this plant. [12]

Bidens frondosa flowering head Bidens frondosa, 2021-09-15, Bird Park, 02.jpg
Bidens frondosa flowering head
Bidens frondosa leaf BidensFrondosa9.jpg
Bidens frondosa leaf

Morphology

Bidens frondosa is an annual herb, usually growing to 20–60 cm (8–24 in) tall, but it may reach 1.8 m (6 ft). The stems are square in cross-section and may branch near the top. The leaves are pinnate, divided into a few toothed triangular or lance-shaped leaflets usually 6–8 cm (2+1⁄2–3 in) long, exceptionally up to 12 cm (4+1⁄2 in). The inflorescence is often a solitary flower head, but there may be pairs or arrays of several heads. The head contains many orange disc florets. Most flower heads lack ray florets but some may have a few small yellow rays. The fruit is a flat black or brown barbed cypsela up to a centimeter long which has two obvious hornlike pappi at one end. [3] [8] [13] [14]

The barbed pappi on the fruit help it stick to animals, facilitating seed dispersal. [13]

Supported insects and fauna

Occasionally, they are visited by bumblebees, Halictid bees, wasps, bee flies, Tachinid flies, small butterflies, and other insects.

The caterpillars of several species of moths feed on the foliage, pith of the stems, or flowerheads, including Epiblema otiosana (Bidens Borer Moth), Platysenta mobilis (Mobile Groundling), Condica confederata (The Confederate), Cirrhophanus triangulifer (Goldenrod Stowaway), and Palthis asopialis (Faint-Spotted Palthis). Other insects that feed on this plant include the leaf beetles Calligrapha bidenticola and Calligrapha californica , larvae of the leaf-miner flies Chromatomyia syngenesiae and Phytobia allecta, and several aphid species. [15] .

The seeds are eaten by small rodents and various birds, including the Ring-Necked Pheasant, Bobwhite, Swamp Sparrow, and Purple Finch. The Cottontail Rabbit occasionally eats the foliage.

Invasive species

This plant is invasive in some parts of the world. In New Zealand it is classed as an environmental weed by the Department of Conservation. [16] It is also weedy in its native range, occurring in pastures and fields and along roadsides. [13]

Related Research Articles

<i>Bidens</i> Genus of plants

Bidens is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. The genus include roughly 230 species which are distributed worldwide. Despite their global distribution, the systematics and taxonomy of the genus has been described as complicated and unorganized. The common names beggarticks, black jack, burr marigolds, cobbler's pegs, Spanish needles, stickseeds, tickseeds and tickseed sunflowers refer to the fruits of the plants, most of which are bristly and barbed. The generic name refers to the same character; Bidens comes from the Latin bis ("two") and dens ("tooth").

<i>Bidens pilosa</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Bidens pilosa is an annual species of herbaceous flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. Its many common names include hitch hikers, black-jack, beggarticks, farmer’s friends and Spanish needle, but most commonly referred to as cobblers pegs. It is native to the Americas but is widely distributed as an introduced species in other regions worldwide including Eurasia, Africa, Australia, South America and the Pacific Islands. In Chishona, it is called tsine.

<i>Epiblema otiosana</i> Species of moth

Epiblema otiosana, the bidens borer moth, gets its common name from the genus Bidens which includes the food plants for the larva. An adults wingspan ranges from 12 to 20 mm. They range in North America from Maine and Ontario in the north, south to Florida and west to Kansas and Texas.

<i>Bidens vulgata</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens vulgata is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names big devils beggarticks and tall beggarticks. It is native to eastern and central North America from Nova Scotia to northern Georgia and as far west as the Rocky Mountains. It is an introduced species on the West Coast of North America as well as parts of Europe.

<i>Bidens alba</i> Species which belongs to the family Asteraceae

Bidens alba, which belongs to the family Asteraceae, is most commonly known as shepherd's needles, beggarticks, Spanish needles, or butterfly needles. Bidens means two- toothed, describing the two projections found at the top of the seeds, and alba refers to the white ray florets. This plant is found in tropical and subtropical regions of North America, Asia, South America, and Africa, situated in gardens, road sides, farm fields and disturbed sites. B. alba is an annual or short-lived perennial, which is considered a weed in the United States. However, B. alba leaves are edible and can be used as medicinal remedies.

<i>Bidens amplissima</i> Species in the Asteraceae family

Bidens amplissima, also known as the Vancouver Island beggarticks, is an annual wetland species in the Asteraceae family which displays a broad range of morphological variation and has a geographic range restricted to southwestern British Columbia and adjacent Washington State. Due to its limited global range and susceptibility to anthropogenic threats, B. amplissima is federally listed as Special Concern under Canada's Species at Risk Act and is blue-listed in British Columbia. Bidens amplissima shares a variety of morphological characteristics with two closely related species, B. cernua and B. tripartita, making identification challenging. Accurate identification also often depends on multiple morphological characters such as leaf shape, ray florets and achene shape.

<i>Bidens aurea</i> North American species of flowering plant

Bidens aurea , the Arizona beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of Mexico and found also in Arizona and Guatemala. The species is also naturalized in parts of Europe and South America.

<i>Bidens bidentoides</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens bidentoides is an uncommon North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the northeastern and east-central parts of the United States, the coastal plain of the States of Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey plus the region around the Hudson River estuary in New York. Common name is Delmarva beggar-ticks, in reference to the Delmarva Peninsula in Delaware, eastern Maryland, and eastern Virginia.

<i>Bidens bigelovii</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens bigelovii is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the southwestern and south-central United States and to Mexico as far south as Oaxaca.

<i>Bidens connata</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens connata , the purplestem beggarticks or London bur-marigold, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of Eurasia, North Africa, and North America, and naturalized in Australia and on certain Pacific Islands.

<i>Bidens discoidea</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens discoidea, the small beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across eastern Canada and the eastern and central United States, from Nova Scotia west to Minnesota, south to Florida and Texas.

Bidens heterodoxa, the Connecticut beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to eastern Canada and the northeastern United States (Connecticut).

Bidens heterosperma, the Rocky Mountain beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to northwestern and north-central Mexico and the southeastern United States.

<i>Bidens hyperborea</i> Species of aquatic plant

Bidens hyperborea is a coastal species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It grows along the coasts of Hudson Bay, the Arctic Ocean, and the North Atlantic Ocean in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States.

Bidens lemmonii is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the southwestern United States and Mexico.

Bidens leptocephala, the fewflower beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

<i>Bidens mitis</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens mitis, the smallfruit beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the eastern, southeastern, and south-central parts of the United States, from eastern Texas to southern New Jersey.

Bidens tenuisecta , the slim lobe beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to northern Mexico (Chihuahua) and the western United States. There are also reports of populations in the northeastern United States but these are almost assuredly introductions.

<i>Bidens trichosperma</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens trichosperma, the marsh beggar-ticks or marsh tickseed, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to central Canada and to the eastern and north-central United States.

<i>Verbesina alternifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Verbesina alternifolia is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is commonly known as wingstem or yellow ironweed. It is native to North America.

References

  1. ↑ The Plant List, Bidens frondosa L.
  2. 1 2 "Bidens frondosa". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  3. 1 2 Bidens frondosa. Flora of North America.
  4. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
  5. ↑ Flora of China, 大狼杷草 da lang pa cao, Bidens frondosa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 832. 1753.
  6. ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, Forbicina fogliosa, schwarzfrüchtiger Zweizahn, Bidens frondosa L.
  7. ↑ Bidens frondosa. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
  8. 1 2 Bidens frondosa. Burke Museum. University of Washington.
  9. ↑ Bidens frondosa. Archived 2007-07-02 at the Wayback Machine Freckmann Herbarium. University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point.
  10. ↑ Hilty, John. "Common Beggar-Ticks (Bidens frondosa)". www.illinoiswildflowers.info. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
  11. ↑ Popay, Ian. "Bidens frondosa (beggarticks)". Invasive Species Compendium. CAB International. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
  12. ↑ Han, Y. G., et al. (2009). Insect herbivores associated with the introduced weed Bidens frondosa L.(Asteraceae) in Korea, and their potential role as augmentative biological control agents. Entomological Research 39(6), 394-400.
  13. 1 2 3 Devils Beggarticks or Stick-tights: Bidens frondosa. Archived 2013-06-24 at the Wayback Machine Virginia Tech Weed Identification Guide.
  14. ↑ Bidens frondosa. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
  15. ↑ https://illinoiswildflowers.info/wetland/plants/cm_beggarticks.htm
  16. ↑ Howell, C. (May 2008). Consolidated List of Environmental Weeds in New Zealand. 292. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. ISBN   978-0-478-14413-0.
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