Bidens hyperborea

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Bidens hyperborea
Estuary Beggarticks imported from iNaturalist photo 264350366 on 19 September 2024.jpg
Status TNC G4.svg
Apparently Secure  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Bidens
Species:
B. hyperborea
Binomial name
Bidens hyperborea
Synonyms [2] [3] [4]
  • Bidens colpophilaFernald & H.St.John
  • Bidens hyperborea var. arcuansFernald
  • Bidens hyperborea var. cathancensisFernald
  • Bidens hyperborea var. colpophilaFernald
  • Bidens hyperborea var. gaspensisFernald
  • Bidens hyperborea var. laurentianaFassett
  • Bidens hyperborea var. svensoniiFassett

Bidens hyperborea (common names estuary beggarticks, [5] northern beggarticks, [6] or estuary bur-marigold [7] ) is a variable species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known from estuarine regions in northeastern North America. It is similar to Bidens cernua , Bidens laevis , and Bidens eatonii . [4] [8] B. hyperborea is listed as an endangered species in the state of Massachusetts, where it is threatened by habitat degradation, [9] and is listed by NatureServe as critically imperiled (S1) in the province of Ontario and possibly extirpated from New Hampshire. [1]

Contents

Description

Bidens hyperborea is an annual herb, growing up to 70 cm (28 inches) tall. It produces yellow flower heads, sometimes one at a time, sometimes 2 or 3, each containing both disc florets and (usually) ray florets. The species grows in salt marshes and along the banks of marine estuaries. [10] [11]

Taxonomy

Bidens hyperborea Bidens hyperborea 15-p.bot-biden.hyper-14.jpg
Bidens hyperborea

Bidens hyperborea was first described by Edward Lee Greene in 1901 based on specimens by James Melville Macoun collected at James Bay, originally identified as Bidens cernua . [11] In 1915, Meritt Lyndon Fernald and Harold St. John described Bidens colpophila from specimens collected near the mouth of the Kennebec River, noting its similarities to Greene's B. hyperborea but distinguishing it based on characteristics of the achenes. [12]

A subsequent 1918 review by Fernald concluded that B. hyperborea and B. colpophila were conspecific, but the variability of the species in numerous isolated localities led to the circumscription of a number of varieties, distinguished by the length of the achenes, leaf morphology, and growth habit. [4] In 1925, Norman Carter Fassett described two new varieties, var. laurentiana and var. svensonii, separating them based on their leaf morphology and involucral bracts. Fassett also described an interspecific hybrid of B. hyperborea and B. cernua. [8]

Most authorities currently do not recognize the varieties of B. hyperborea and treat it without subspecific divisions. [2]

Distribution

It grows along the coasts of Hudson Bay, the Arctic Ocean, and the North Atlantic Ocean in eastern Canada (Labrador, [13] Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia) and the northeastern United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York). [14]

Related Research Articles

<i>Bidens</i> Genus of plants

Bidens is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. The genus include roughly 230 species which are distributed worldwide. Despite their global distribution, the systematics and taxonomy of the genus has been described as complicated and unorganized. The common names beggarticks, black jack, burr marigolds, cobbler's pegs, Spanish needles, stickseeds, tickseeds and tickseed sunflowers refer to the fruits of the plants, most of which are bristly and barbed. The generic name refers to the same character; Bidens comes from the Latin bis ("two") and dens ("tooth").

<i>Bidens tripartita</i> Species of plants in the sunflower family

Bidens tripartita is a common and widespread species of flowering plant in the sunflower family, Asteraceae, commonly known as three-lobe beggarticks, three-part beggarticks, leafy-bracted beggarticks or trifid bur-marigold. It is native to much of Eurasia, North Africa, and North America, with naturalized populations in Australia and on some Pacific Islands.

<i>Bidens frondosa</i> North American species of flowering plant

Bidens frondosa is a North American species of flowering plant in the aster family, Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of Canada, the United States, and Mexico It is known in many other parts of the world as an introduced species, including Europe, Asia, Morocco, and New Zealand. Its many common names include devil's beggarticks, devil's-pitchfork, devil's bootjack, sticktights, bur marigold, pitchfork weed, tickseed sunflower, leafy beggarticks, and common beggar-ticks.

<i>Bidens pilosa</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Bidens pilosa is an annual species of herbaceous flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. Its many common names include hitch hikers, black-jack, beggarticks, farmer's friends and Spanish needle, but most commonly referred to as cobblers pegs. It is native to the Americas but is widely distributed as an introduced species in other regions including Eurasia, Africa, Australia, South America and the Pacific Islands, and is classified as an invasive species in some regions of the world.

<i>Bidens cernua</i> Species of flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae

Bidens cernua is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, Asteraceae. Bidens cernua is distributed throughout much of Eurasia and North America. It is commonly called nodding beggarticks or nodding bur-marigold.

<i>Arnica spathulata</i> Species of flowering plant

Arnica spathulata is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common name Klamath arnica. It is native to the Klamath Mountains of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon. It grows in woodland habitat, almost exclusively on serpentine soils.

<i>Bidens laevis</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens laevis is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common names larger bur-marigold and smooth beggarticks. It is native to South America, Mexico, and the southern and eastern United States. It grows in wetlands, including estuaries and riverbanks.

<i>Bidens vulgata</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens vulgata is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common names big devils beggarticks and tall beggarticks. It is native to eastern and central North America from Nova Scotia to northern Georgia and as far west as the Rocky Mountains. It is an introduced species on the West Coast of North America as well as parts of Europe.

<i>Rainiera</i> Genus of plants

Rainiera is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. The single species, Rainiera stricta(Greene) Greene, is endemic to the northwestern United States. The genus is part of the tribe Senecioneae, and appears to be most closely related to Luina, another genus of northwestern North America, in which it was once placed. Rainiera stricta is of conservation concern, with a G2G3 ranking from NatureServe, and is considered to be globally imperiled. It is known by the common name false silverback.

<i>Bidens aristosa</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens aristosa is a North American species of plant in the sunflower family. Common names include bearded beggarticks, western tickseed, showy tickseed, long-bracted beggarticks, tickseed beggarticks, swamp marigold, and Yankee lice. It is native to the central United States, but has been introduced to the eastern United States and can be found in south-central Canada, from Maine south to Florida and west as far as Ontario, Texas, and Nebraska. It grows in wet meadows and abandoned fields.

<i>Bolboschoenus novae-angliae</i> Species of flowering plant in the sedge family Cyperaceae

Bolboschoenus novae-angliae, common names New England bulrush, and Salt march bulrush is a plant species found along the Atlantic seacoast of the United States from Alabama to Maine. It grows in brackish and salt-water marshes and estuaries along the coast.

<i>Bidens amplissima</i> Species in the Asteraceae family

Bidens amplissima, also known as the Vancouver Island beggarticks, is an annual wetland species in the family Asteraceae which displays a broad range of morphological variation and has a geographic range restricted to southwestern British Columbia and adjacent Washington State. Due to its limited global range and susceptibility to anthropogenic threats, B. amplissima is federally listed as Special Concern under Canada's Species at Risk Act and is blue-listed in British Columbia. Bidens amplissima shares a variety of morphological characteristics with two closely related species, B. cernua and B. tripartita, making identification challenging. Accurate identification also often depends on multiple morphological characters such as leaf shape, ray florets and achene shape.

<i>Bidens aurea</i> North American species of flowering plant

Bidens aurea , the Arizona beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of Mexico and found also in Arizona and Guatemala. The species is also naturalized in parts of Europe and South America.

<i>Bidens connata</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens connata , the purplestem beggarticks or London bur-marigold, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of Eurasia, North Africa, and North America, and naturalized in Australia and on certain Pacific Islands.

<i>Bidens eatonii</i> Species of aquatic plant

Bidens eatonii is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to eastern Canada and the northeastern United States.

Bidens heterodoxa, the Connecticut beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to eastern Canada and the northeastern United States (Connecticut).

<i>Bidens mitis</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens mitis, the smallfruit beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the eastern, southeastern, and south-central parts of the United States, from eastern Texas to southern New Jersey.

<i>Bidens tenuisecta</i> Species of flowering plant

Bidens tenuisecta , the slim lobe beggarticks, is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to northern Mexico (Chihuahua) and the western United States. There are also reports of populations in the northeastern United States but these are almost assuredly introductions.

Rubus adjacens, the peaty dewberry, is a rare North American species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is native to eastern Canada and the northeastern and east-central United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland.

References

  1. 1 2 "Bidens hyperborea". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. 3 August 2024. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  2. 1 2 "Bidens hyperborea Greene". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  3. The Plant List, Bidens hyperborea Greene
  4. 1 2 3 Fernald, M.L. (August 1918). "The specific identity of Bidens hyperborea and B. colpophila". Rhodora. 20 (236): 146–150. JSTOR   23298072 . Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  5. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Bidens hyperborea". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  6. Go Botany, New England Wildflower Society, Bidens hyperborea Greene, northern beggar-ticks
  7. Maine Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry, Maine Natural Areas Program, Bidens hyperborea Greene, Estuary Bur-marigold
  8. 1 2 Fassett, Norman C. (January 1925). "Bidens hyperborea and its varieties". Rhodora. 27 (313): 166–171.
  9. "Bidens hyperborea". Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife.
  10. Flora of North America, Bidens hyperborea Greene, Pittonia. 4: 257. 1901.
  11. 1 2 Greene, Edward Lee (1899–1901). "Studies in the Compositae - VIII". Pittonia. 4: 257–258. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  12. Fernald, M.L.; St. John, Harold (January 1915). "Some anomalous species & varieties of Bidens in Eastern North America". Rhodora. 17 (193): 20–23. Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  13. Pan-arctic flora, 861301 Bidens hyperborea Greene
  14. Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map