| Bjerkandera | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bjerkandera adusta | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Polyporales |
| Family: | Meruliaceae |
| Genus: | Bjerkandera P.Karst. (1879) |
| Type species | |
| Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P.Karst. (1879) | |
| Species | |
B. adusta Contents | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Bjerkandera is a genus of wood-rotting fungi in the family Meruliaceae.
The genus was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Adolf Karsten in 1879. The type species, B. adusta , was originally described as Boletus adustus by Carl Ludwig Willdenow in 1787. [1] The generic name honours Swedish naturalist Clas Bjerkander. [2] Karsten included seven species in addition to the type: B. dichroa , B. amorpha , B. fumosa , B. kymatodes , B. diffusa, and B. isabellina. [1] Most of those species have been since moved to different genera or synonymized.
In a 1913 survey of polypore genera, Adeline Ames included B. adusta, B. fumosa, and B. puberula ; [3] the latter fungus is now placed in Abortiporus . Marinus Anton Donk included only B. adusta and B. fumosa in a 1974 publication. [4] Some authors have suggested to merge these two species into other genera, such as Gloeoporus , Tyromyces , or Grifola . [2] Molecular phylogenetic analysis has demonstrated that the two traditional Bjerkandera fungi form a monophyletic group that is sister to the crust fungus Terana coerulea . [5] The little-known Cuban species B. subsimulans and B. terebrans , both originally described by Miles Berkeley and Moses Ashley Curtis, were transferred to Bjerkandera by William Alphonso Murrill in 1907, [6] and are accepted as valid species by Index Fungorum. Bjerkandera atroalba and B. centroamericana are two neotropical species that were transferred to Bjerkandera, and described as new, respectively, in 2015. [7] In 2021 four new species were added from South America and Asia. [8]
The fruit bodies of Bjerkandera fungi have soft and pliable caps with an upper surface texture ranging from finely hairy to smooth. The pore surface on the undersurface of the cap ranges from grey to black or buff to greyish brown. The tubes are the same colour. A dark, denser zone is typically present between tubes and the context, which is usually white to buff. [9]
The hyphal system in Bjerkandera is monomitic, containing only generative hyphae. These hyphae have clamps, and are thin to thick-walled. Cystidia are absent from the hymenium. The spores of Bjerkandera are smooth with a short cylindrical shape, thin-walled, and do not react in Melzer's reagent. [9]
Bjerkandera fungi usually grow on hardwoods, and are rarely on conifers. They cause a white rot. [9]
As of August 2023 [update] , Index Fungorum lists the following species in Bjerkandera:
| Image | Scientific Name | Taxon author | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Bjerkandera adusta | (Willd.) P. Karst. | 1879 |
| Bjerkandera albocinerea | Motato-Vásq., Robledo & Gugliotta | 2020 | |
| Bjerkandera atroalba | (Rick) Westph. & Tomšovský | 2015 | |
| Bjerkandera carnegieae | (D.V. Baxter) Robledo, Nakasone & B. Ortiz | 2021 | |
| Bjerkandera centroamericana | Kout, Westph. & Tomšovský | 2015 | |
| Bjerkandera ecuadorensis | Y.C. Dai, Chao G. Wang & Vlasák | 2021 | |
| Bjerkandera fulgida | Y.C. Dai & Chao G. Wang | 2021 | |
 | Bjerkandera fumosa | (Pers.) P. Karst. | 1879 |
| Bjerkandera mikrofumosa | Ryvarden | 2016 | |
| Bjerkandera minispora | Y.C. Dai & Chao G. Wang | 2021 | |
| Bjerkandera resupinata | Y.C. Dai & Chao G. Wang | 2021 | |
| Bjerkandera subsimulans | Murrill | 1907 | |
| Bjerkandera terebrans | (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Murrill | 1907 |
The Polyporales are an order of about 1800 species of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The order includes some polypores as well as many corticioid fungi and a few agarics. Many species within the order are saprotrophic, most of them wood-rotters. Some genera, such as Ganoderma and Fomes, contain species that attack living tissues and then continue to degrade the wood of their dead hosts. Those of economic importance include several important pathogens of trees and a few species that cause damage by rotting structural timber. Some of the Polyporales are commercially cultivated and marketed for use as food items or in traditional Chinese medicine.
The Polyporaceae are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymenium in vertical pores on the underside of the caps, but some of them have gills or gill-like structures. Many species are brackets, but others have a definite stipe – for example, Polyporus badius.
Bjerkandera adusta, commonly known as the smoky polypore or smoky bracket, is a species of fungus in the family Meruliaceae. It is a plant pathogen that causes white rot in live trees, but most commonly appears on dead wood. It was first described scientifically as Boletus adustus by Carl Ludwig Willdenow in 1787. The genome sequence of Bjerkandera adusta was reported in 2013. The species is inedible.
Oxyporus is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Schizoporaceae. An individual family Oxyporaceae was described for the genus. A number of species in this genus are plant pathogens, causing a white rot. The genus is widely distributed.
The Meruliaceae are a family of fungi in the order Polyporales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 47 genera and 420 species. As of April 2018, Index Fungorum accepts 645 species in the family.
The Phanerochaetaceae are a family of mostly crust fungi in the order Polyporales.
The Steccherinaceae are a family of about 200 species of fungi in the order Polyporales. It includes crust-like, toothed, and poroid species that cause a white rot in dead wood.
Daedalea is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1801 by mycologist Christian Hendrik Persoon, based on the type D. quercina and four other species. The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek δαιδαλεος.
Fomitopsis is a genus of more than 40 species of bracket fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae.
Ceriporia is a widely distributed genus of crust fungi.
Antrodiella is a genus of fungi in the family Steccherinaceae of the order Polyporales.
Aurantiporus is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Meruliaceae. Circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1905, the genus contains five species found mostly in northern temperate regions. Molecular analysis of several Aurantiporus species suggests that the genus is not monophyletic, but some other related polypore species need to be sequenced and studied before appropriate taxonomic changes can be made. In 2018, Viktor Papp and Bálint Dima proposed a new genus Odoria to contain Aurantiporus alborubescens based on multigene phylogenetic analyses. The generic name is derived from the Latin aurantius ("orange") and the Ancient Greek πόρος (pore).
Nigroporus is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Steccherinaceae. The genus was circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1905. Nigroporus has a pantropical distribution. The genus name combines the Latin word niger ("black") with the Ancient Greek word πόρος ("pore").
Skeletocutis is a genus of about 40 species of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, although most species are found in the Northern Hemisphere. It causes a white rot in a diverse array of woody substrates, and the fruit bodies grow as a crust on the surface of the decaying wood. Sometimes the edges of the crust are turned outward to form rudimentary bracket-like caps.
Tyromyces is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Petter Karsten in 1881. The type species is the widely distributed Tyromyces chioneus, commonly known as the white cheese polypore. The phylogenetic position of Tyromyces within the Polyporales is uncertain, but it appears that it does not belong to the "core polyporoid clade". Tyromyces is polyphyletic as it is currently circumscribed, and has been described as "a dumping place for monomitic white-rot species with thin-walled spores."
Loweomyces fractipes is a species of poroid fungus in the family Steccherinaceae, and the type species of the genus Loweomyces. It is a widely distributed species, found in North America, Europe, Central America, South America, and Korea.
Sarcoporia is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Petter Karsten in 1894, with the widespread fungus Sarcoporia polyspora as the type species. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek words σάρξ ("flesh") and πόρος ("pore").
Bjerkandera fumosa is a species of poroid fungus in the family Meruliaceae.
Amylocystis lapponica is a species of bracket fungus in the family Fomitopsidaceae, and the type species of genus Amylocystis. It produces medium-sized, annual fruit bodies that are soft, and have a strong, distinct smell. The fungus is a saprophyte that feeds on coniferous wood of logs lying on the ground, and causes brown rot. It is a rather rare species that only occurs in old-growth forest.
The Irpicaceae are a family of mostly polypores and crust fungi in the order Polyporales.
