Brodiaea coronaria

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Brodiaea coronaria
Brodiaea coronaria 3114.JPG
Specimen in Washington state
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Subfamily: Brodiaeoideae
Genus: Brodiaea
Species:
B. coronaria
Binomial name
Brodiaea coronaria
Subspecies

Brodiaea coronaria subsp. coronaria
Brodiaea coronaria subsp. rosea

Contents

Synonyms

See text.

Brodiaea coronaria is the type species of Brodiaea [2] and also known by the common names harvest brodiaea and crown brodiaea. [3] [4] It is native to western North America from British Columbia to northern California, where it grows in mountains and grasslands.

Description

Close-up of flower Brodiaea coronaria.jpg
Close-up of flower

Brodiaea coronaria is a perennial herb growing from a corm and producing an erect inflorescence with a few basal leaves. The inflorescence is up to about 25 centimeters (10 inches) tall and bears lilylike flowers on an array of pedicels.

Each flower is a tube several centimeters long opening into a bell-shaped corolla of six bright purple lobes each up to 3 cm (1 in) long. In the center are three stamens and whitish sterile stamens known as staminodes.

Taxonomy

Nomenclature

The history of the scientific name of this species is somewhat tangled. The plant was first collected by Archibald Menzies during the Vancouver Expedition, and published as Hookera coronaria by Richard Salisbury in Paradisus Londinensis early in 1808. [5] However, Salisbury had fallen out with fellow botanist James Edward Smith. Smith first published a moss genus, Hookeria , and then published a description of Salisbury's Hookera coronaria as Brodiaea grandiflora. [6]

If it was Smith's intention to replace Salisbury's name, as has been suggested, [6] it was partly successful, since although Salisbury's Hookera coronaria has priority over Smith's Brodiaea grandiflora, names as similar as Hookera and Hookeria are considered to be confusing and a formal proposal to conserve the names Brodiaea and Hookeria over the name Hookera was accepted. [7] However, Salisbury's epithet coronaria still stands since Smith's Brodiaea grandiflora is now considered to have been an illegitimate name when published. In 1917, after the Kew Rule had vanished from botanical nomenclature, Willis Jepson formally published the combination Brodiaea coronaria, now accepted as the botanical name for this species. [1]

Synonyms

Synonyms, in full or in part, include: [8]

Subspecies

There are two subspecies of this plant:

Uses

Native Americans and early European settlers of the continent harvested the small bulbs for food. [12] They are edible raw, with a nutty or celery-like taste. [13]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Brodiaea appendiculata</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Brodiaea californica</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Balsamorhiza</i> Genus of plants in the sunflower family

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<i>Brodiaea kinkiensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Brodiaea kinkiensis is a species of Brodiaea also with the common name San Clemente Island brodiaea. This flower is endemic to San Clemente Island, one of the Channel Islands of California.

<i>Triteleia ixioides</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Dudleya blochmaniae</i> Species of deciduous succulent plant from North America

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<i>Ribes divaricatum</i> Species of currant

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<i>Silene campanulata</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>The Paradisus Londinensis</i> Book of plant illustrations

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The Kew Rule was used by some authors to determine the application of synonymous names in botanical nomenclature up to about 1906, but was and still is contrary to codes of botanical nomenclature including the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Index Kewensis, a publication that aimed to list all botanical names for seed plants at the ranks of species and genus, used the Kew Rule until its Supplement IV was published in 1913.

References

  1. 1 2 "Brodiaea coronaria (Salisb.) Jeps., Madroño 1: 61 (1917)". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 8 September 2013.
  2. "Brodiaea". Index Nominum Genericorum. International Association for Plant Taxonomy. 9 February 1996. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
  3. Pojar, Jim; MacKinnon, Andy (1994). Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska. Canada: Lone Pine Publishing. p. 107.
  4. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Brodiaea coronaria". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 27 June 2008.
  5. "Hookera coronaria". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 27 June 2008.
  6. 1 2 Boulger, George Simonds (1897). "Salisbury, Richard Anthony"  . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 50. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  7. Rickett, H.W. & Stafleu, F.A. (1959). "Nomina generica conservanda et rejicienda spermatophytorum". Taxon. 8 (7): 213–243. doi:10.2307/1217883. JSTOR   1217883.
  8. "Search for name". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 13 September 2013.
  9. USDA Plants Profile for Brodiaea coronaria ssp. coronaria (crown brodiaea)
  10. Jepson Manual — Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea
  11. CalFlora Database — Brodiaea coronaria ssp. rosea. accessed 8.2.2013
  12. Fagan, Damian (2019). Wildflowers of Oregon: A Field Guide to Over 400 Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Coast, Cascades, and High Desert. Guilford, CT: FalconGuides. p. 156. ISBN   978-1-4930-3633-2. OCLC   1073035766.
  13. Benoliel, Doug (2011). Northwest Foraging: The Classic Guide to Edible Plants of the Pacific Northwest (Rev. and updated ed.). Seattle, WA: Skipstone. p. 97. ISBN   978-1-59485-366-1. OCLC   668195076.

Further reading