Bromus racemosus | |
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Seedheads | |
Botanical illustration | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Monocots |
Clade: | Commelinids |
Order: | Poales |
Family: | Poaceae |
Subfamily: | Pooideae |
Genus: | Bromus |
Species: | B. racemosus |
Binomial name | |
Bromus racemosus | |
Synonyms [1] | |
List
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Bromus racemosus, the smooth brome or bald brome, is a species of flowering plant in the family Poaceae. [2] It is native to subarctic and temperate Eurasia, and widely introduced elsewhere, including North America, Iceland, the Southern Cone of South America, the Korean Peninsula, Australia, and New Zealand. [1] It grows in alkaline meadows and in waste places. [3]
Bromus racemosus is an annual grass growing 17–60 cm (6.7–23.6 in) tall. Its smooth culms are 1–2.1 mm (0.039–0.083 in) wide at their base. Its brown nodes are minutely to densely pubescent, with these soft and wavy hairs growing up to 1.2 mm (0.047 in) long. Its membranous and glabrous ligules are 0.5–2 mm (0.020–0.079 in) long. Its leaf blades are 2.7–12 cm (1.1–4.7 in) long and 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) wide; the adaxial surface of the blade is densely covered by stiff hairs growing up to 0.8 mm (0.031 in) long, and the abaxial surface is densely covered with stiff hairs which are typically shorter, growing up to 0.6–0.8 mm (0.024–0.031 in). The margins of the blades are smooth or serrulate. Its panicles are 3–8.5 cm (1.2–3.3 in) long and 1–2.5 cm (0.39–0.98 in) wide, with erect to ascending branches which range between scabrous and pubescent. Each branch has a single spikelet, with the lowest inflorescence node having one to four branches. The ovate-lanceolate spikelets are 1.5–2.2 cm (0.59–0.87 in) long, with the rachilla occasionally visible at maturity. The spikelets have six to nine florets. Its glumes are smooth or scabrous, with lower glumes 5.2–6.7 mm (0.20–0.26 in) long and upper glumes 6.2–8.5 mm (0.24–0.33 in) long. The lower glumes have three to five nerves, upper glumes have seven to nine nerves, and lemmas have seven to nine nerves. Its lemmas are 6.5–9.5 mm (0.26–0.37 in) long, and its awns are 3.4–8.5 mm (0.13–0.33 in) long. [4]
In its native Europe, Bromus racemosus occurs in moist meadows and grasslands, though it is threatened by changes in agricultural grassland management. [5] In its introduced habitat in North America, B. racemosus occurs in waste places, fields, roadsides, and gravelly hills in scattered locations throughout the United States and Canada. [4] In South America, the grass occurs in the southern Andes of Argentina and Chile. [6]
Bromus arvensis, the field brome, is a brome grass native to Europe and Asia. The specific epithet arvensis is Latin, meaning "of cultivated land".
Bromus hordeaceus, the soft brome, is an annual or biennial species of grass in the grass family (Poaceae). It is also known in North America as bull grass, soft cheat, and soft chess.
Bromus interruptus, commonly known as the interrupted brome, is a flowering plant in the grass family. It is endemic to southern and central England, which became extinct in the wild in 1972. After several decades in cultivation, the interrupted brome was re-introduced to Aston Rowant National Nature Reserve in 2004, marking the first known re-introduction of an extinct plant in Britain. The plant was a weed of waste places and arable agriculture, particularly of sainfoin cultivation. It can be distinguished from all other Bromus species by its deeply split, or bifid, palea.
Bromus secalinus is a species of bromegrass known as rye brome. The specific epithet secalinus is Latin, meaning "rye-like". The fruits are hard, rounded glumes that appear superficially similar to the rye grain, which gives the brome its common and scientific name. The grass has a diploid number of 28.
Bromus madritensis is a species of brome grass known by the common name compact brome. The specific epithet madritensis refers to Madrid, Spain. It has a diploid number of 28.
Bromus briziformis is a species of brome grass known by the common name rattlesnake brome. The specific epithet briziformis comes from the resemblance of the grass to grasses of the genus Briza, particularly Briza maxima. The common name is derived from the resemblance of the spikelets to the rattles of rattlesnakes. The grass has a diploid number of 14.
Bromus catharticus is a species of brome grass known by the common names rescuegrass, grazing brome, prairie grass, and Schrader's bromegrass. The specific epithet catharticus is Latin, meaning cathartic. The common name rescuegrass refers to the ability of the grass to provide forage after harsh droughts or severe winters. The grass has a diploid number of 42.
Bromus ciliatus is a species of brome grass known by the common name fringed brome. It is native to most of North America, including most of Canada, most of the United States except for some portions of the South, and northern Mexico. It is a plant of many habitats, including temperate coniferous forest. The specific epithet ciliatus is Latin for "ciliate", referring to the delicate hairs of the leaf blades.
Bromus kalmii, the Arctic brome or prairie brome, is a species of brome grass. It is a native bunchgrass in the North-central and Northeastern United States, the Great Lakes region, and eastern Canada. The specific epithet kalmii refers to its discoverer Pehr Kalm.
Bromus erectus, commonly known as erect brome, upright brome or meadow brome, is a dense, course, tufted perennial grass. It can grow to 120 centimetres (47 in). Like many brome grasses the plant is hairy. The specific epithet erectus is Latin, meaning "erect". The diploid number of the grass is 56.
Bromus aleutensis, commonly known as the Aleutian brome, is a perennial grass found in North America. B. aleutensis has a diploid number of 56.
Melica brasiliana, is a grass species in the family Poaceae that is endemic to Brazil and southern South America.
Melica tibetica, is a grass species in the family Poaceae that is endemic to China and can be found in such provinces as Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Tibetan Autonomous Region.
Bromus japonicus, the Japanese brome, is an annual brome grass native to Eurasia. The grass has a diploid number of 14.
Bromus squarrosus, the rough brome, is a brome grass native to Russia and Europe. The specific epithet squarrosus is Latin, meaning "with spreading tips". The grass has a diploid number of 14.
Festuca brachyphylla, commonly known as alpine fescue or short-leaved fescue, is a grass native to Eurasia, North America, and the Arctic. The grass is used for erosion control and revegetation. The specific epithet brachyphylla means "short-leaved". The grass has a diploid number of 28, 42, or 44. This species was first described in 1827.
Bromus pacificus, the Pacific brome, is a perennial grass native to the Pacific coast of North America. Bromus pacificus has a diploid number of 28.
Poa alpigena is a species of grass occurring in mountainous regions. Its specific epithet "alpigena" means "growing in the alpine".
Sphenopholis intermedia, the slender wedgegrass or slender wedgescale, is an annual grass native to North America. The specific epithet "intermedia" means "intermediate". The diploid number is 14.
Bromus texensis, the Texas brome, is an annual grass native to Texas.
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