Bromus racemosus

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Bromus racemosus
Bromus racemosus.jpg
Seedheads
Bromus racemosus -- Flora Batava -- Volume v7.jpg
Botanical illustration
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Pooideae
Genus: Bromus
Species:
B. racemosus
Binomial name
Bromus racemosus
L.
Synonyms [1]
List
    • Bromus agrariusHornung ex Steud.
    • Bromus hordeaceus var. glabrescens(Coss.) Shear
    • Bromus hordeaceus f. leiostachys(Hartm.) Hyl.
    • Bromus hordeaceus f. leptostachys(Pers.) Wiegand
    • Bromus leptostachys(Pers.) Steud.
    • Bromus lusitanicusSales & P.M.Sm.
    • Bromus mollis var. glabrescensCoss.
    • Bromus mollis f. leiostachys(Hartm.) Fernald
    • Bromus mollis var. leiostachysHartm.
    • Bromus mollis var. leptostachysPers.
    • Bromus multiflorusRoth
    • Bromus popoviiDrobow
    • Bromus racemosus f. brachystachys(Schur) Todor
    • Bromus racemosus subsp. lusitanicus(Sales & P.M.Sm.) H.Scholz & Spalton
    • Bromus racemosus f. pratorum(Schur) Todor
    • Bromus supernovusH.Scholz
    • Bromus tuzsoniiPénzes
    • Forasaccus racemosus(L.) Bubani
    • Michelaria hirsutaDavr.
    • Serrafalcus racemosus(L.) Parl.
    • Serrafalcus velutinusParl.

Bromus racemosus, the smooth brome or bald brome, is a species of flowering plant in the family Poaceae. [2] It is native to subarctic and temperate Eurasia, and widely introduced elsewhere, including North America, Iceland, the Southern Cone of South America, the Korean Peninsula, Australia, and New Zealand. [1] It grows in alkaline meadows and in waste places. [3]

Contents

Description

Bromus racemosus is an annual grass growing 17–60 cm (6.7–23.6 in) tall. Its smooth culms are 1–2.1 mm (0.039–0.083 in) wide at their base. Its brown nodes are minutely to densely pubescent, with these soft and wavy hairs growing up to 1.2 mm (0.047 in) long. Its membranous and glabrous ligules are 0.5–2 mm (0.020–0.079 in) long. Its leaf blades are 2.7–12 cm (1.1–4.7 in) long and 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) wide; the adaxial surface of the blade is densely covered by stiff hairs growing up to 0.8 mm (0.031 in) long, and the abaxial surface is densely covered with stiff hairs which are typically shorter, growing up to 0.6–0.8 mm (0.024–0.031 in). The margins of the blades are smooth or serrulate. Its panicles are 3–8.5 cm (1.2–3.3 in) long and 1–2.5 cm (0.39–0.98 in) wide, with erect to ascending branches which range between scabrous and pubescent. Each branch has a single spikelet, with the lowest inflorescence node having one to four branches. The ovate-lanceolate spikelets are 1.5–2.2 cm (0.59–0.87 in) long, with the rachilla occasionally visible at maturity. The spikelets have six to nine florets. Its glumes are smooth or scabrous, with lower glumes 5.2–6.7 mm (0.20–0.26 in) long and upper glumes 6.2–8.5 mm (0.24–0.33 in) long. The lower glumes have three to five nerves, upper glumes have seven to nine nerves, and lemmas have seven to nine nerves. Its lemmas are 6.5–9.5 mm (0.26–0.37 in) long, and its awns are 3.4–8.5 mm (0.13–0.33 in) long. [4]

Habitat and distribution

In its native Europe, Bromus racemosus occurs in moist meadows and grasslands, though it is threatened by changes in agricultural grassland management. [5] In its introduced habitat in North America, B. racemosus occurs in waste places, fields, roadsides, and gravelly hills in scattered locations throughout the United States and Canada. [4] In South America, the grass occurs in the southern Andes of Argentina and Chile. [6]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Bromus interruptus</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Poaceae

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<i>Bromus secalinus</i> Species of grass

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<i>Bromus erectus</i> Species of grass

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Melica brasiliana, is a grass species in the family Poaceae that is endemic to Brazil and southern South America.

Melica tibetica, is a grass species in the family Poaceae that is endemic to China and can be found in such provinces as Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Tibetan Autonomous Region.

<i>Bromus japonicus</i> Species of grass

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<i>Bromus squarrosus</i> Species of grass

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<i>Festuca brachyphylla</i> Species of grass

Festuca brachyphylla, commonly known as alpine fescue or short-leaved fescue, is a grass native to Eurasia, North America, and the Arctic. The grass is used for erosion control and revegetation. The specific epithet brachyphylla means "short-leaved". The grass has a diploid number of 28, 42, or 44. This species was first described in 1827.

Bromus pacificus, the Pacific brome, is a perennial grass native to the Pacific coast of North America. Bromus pacificus has a diploid number of 28.

<i>Poa alpigena</i> Species of grass

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<i>Bromus texensis</i> Species of grass

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References

  1. 1 2 "Bromus racemosus L." Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  2. "Bromus racemosus smooth brome". The Royal Horticultural Society. 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  3. Quattrocchi, Umberto (2006). CRC World Dictionary of Grasses. Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. p. 387. ISBN   9781420003222.
  4. 1 2 Saarela, Jeffery M. (2008). Barney L Lipscomb (ed.). "Taxonomy of Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae: Bromeae) Sections Bromopsis, Bromus, and Genea in British Columbia, Canada". Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. Botanical Research Institute of Texas. 2 (1): 349–350.
  5. Simmelink, Max R and Janssen, John and Schamine, Joop HJ and Weeda, Eddy J (2017). "Habitat and management preference of Bromus racemosus L., a rare species in mesic meadows of Northwest Europe". Tuexenia. 37: 289–312.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. Wilson, K.L. and Morrison, D.A. (2000). Monocots: Systematics and Evolution. Monocots: Systematics and Evolution. CSIRO. p. 94. ISBN   9780643063938.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)