CAIG Wing Loong

Last updated
Wing Loong 1
Wing Loong.jpg
Side view of Chinese multi-role UAV Wing Long
Role MALE UCAV
Manufacturer Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group
Designer Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute
First flight2009

Altitude 27000 Pods SAR and ELINT

Introduction2011
Statusin service & in production [1]
Primary users People's Liberation Army Air Force
Egyptian Air Force
United Arab Emirates Air Force
Pakistan Air Force
Produced2009
Developed into CAIG Wing Loong II

The Chengdu GJ-1, also known as Wing Loong 1, is a Medium-Altitude Long-Endurance (MALE) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), developed by the Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group in the People's Republic of China. Intended for use as a surveillance and aerial reconnaissance platform, the Pterodactyl I is capable of being fitted with air-to-surface weapons for use in an unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) role. [1]

Contents

Design and development

Designed and developed by the Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute (CADI), a division of the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC), [2] [3] the Pterodactyl I bears a distinct similarity in appearance to the Predator/Reaper family of drones developed by the United States. [3] [4] The drone is capable of being fitted with a variety of sensors, including a forward looking infrared turret and synthetic aperture radar. [2] In addition, the aircraft is capable of carrying weapons. [4] The Pterodactyl I's total payload capacity for sensors and weapons is 200 kilograms (440 lb). [2]

Operational history

According to CADI, the Pterodactyl I undergone flight testing and has proven successful, with the flight test program including weapons tests of both bombs and air-to-surface missiles. [2]

A model of the Pterodactyl I was displayed at the 2010 China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition at Zhuhai, the first public acknowledgment of the program; [3] [4] however, it was claimed by AVIC that the aircraft had been displayed at the 2008 airshow. [2] The aircraft has been approved for export by Chinese authorities; the Pterodactyl I was evaluated by Pakistan, but was not selected for procurement. [2]

One example of the type was known to have been lost in an accident during 2011. [5]

China National Aero Technology Import & Export Corp is managing exportation of Pterodactyl UAV and 100 exported as of late 2018. [6] An unknown number of Pterodactyl UAVs were purchased by Saudi Arabia in May 2014. [7]

Since 2011, China has also sold the Wing Loong to several countries in Africa and the Middle East, including Nigeria, Egypt, and the United Arab Emirates, at an estimated $1 million per unit. [8]

Egypt

In March 2017, the Egyptian Air Force launched a number of airstrikes in North Sinai's cities of El Arish, Rafah, and Sheikh Zuweid, as part of the operations conducted by the Egyptian Armed Forces against militants. Most of the strikes, which targeted stationing points and moving vehicles, were carried out by Wing Loong UCAVs leaving 18 militants killed. [9] [10] [11]

Ethiopia

There is contradictory reporting whether Chinese-made Chengdu Pterodactyl I drones operated by United Arab Emirates have supported the advance of the Ethiopian army and its allies into Tigray. [12] [13]

Libya

Yemen

Pakistan

In June 2016, a pterodactyl variant of the drone crashed in Pakistan while on an experimental flight near Headpaka area of Mianwali district of Pakistan's punjab. Until this crash, Pakistan was not a known operator of the Wing Loong. [46] [47]

Variants

Wing Loong at MAKS 2017 Wing loong MAKS2017.jpg
Wing Loong at MAKS 2017

Chinese military version

WJ-1
The armed version of Pterodactyl I, which is a weapon platform without the reconnaissance/targeting pod under the chin. The designation WJ stands for Wu-Zhuang Wu-Ren-Ji (武装无人机), meaning armed UAV. WJ-1 UAV made its public debut in November 2014 at the 10th Zhuhai Airshow along with its cousin GJ-1. [48]
GJ-1
Another armed version of Pterodactyl I that combines the capabilities of both Pterodactyl I and WJ-1 so that it can identify and engage targets on its own. GJ-1 can be distinguished from both Pterodactyl I and WJ-1 in that GJ-1 has both the reconnaissance/targeting pod under the chin as well as hardpoints to carry weapons. The designation GJ stands for Gong-Ji Wu-Ren-Ji (攻击无人机), meaning "attack UAV." GJ-1 UAV made its public debut in November 2014 at the 10th Zhuhai Airshow along with its cousin WJ-1. [48]

Export version

Pterosaur I
First member of Wing Loong series, with program of Wing Loong begun in May 2005. Maiden flight was completed in October 2007 and payload evaluation flight was completed a year later in October 2008. [49] This first model of Wing Loong series lacked the bulge at the nose tip of the fuselage due to the lack of a satellite antenna, [49] and while the English name used by the developer differed from later models, the Chinese name remains the same, and so is the name Wing Loong for the entire series. [50] [51] [52] [49] [53] The lack of satellite antenna results in cheaper cost, with the reduction of the maximum control range around to 200 km. [54] This model is no longer actively marketed when Pterodactyl I appeared, but is still available as a cheaper alternative up on potential customers’ request.
Pterodactyl I
The second member of the Wing Loong series is distinguished from the earlier Pterosaur I in that there is a bulge at the nose tip of the fuselage to house a satellite antenna, and this is the version most widely publicized and actively marketed as a surveillance platform. United Arab Emirates and Uzbekistan were reported to be the first two foreign customers of Pterodactyl I. [55]
Sky Saker
Sky Saker is a derivative of Wing Loong developed by Norinco mainly intended for export. The Chinese name is Rui Ying (锐鹰), meaning Sharp Eagle, but the English name adopted by the developer is Sky Saker. Sky Saker / Rui Ying carries both a miniature synthetic aperture radar and an electro-optical pod to perform reconnaissance in both the visible light and radar spectra. [56] The capability of Sky Saker / Rui Ying has been exaggerated by many Chinese internet sources claiming that it has both scout and strike capabilities at the same time, but this has been proven to the contrary. According to all info released by Norinco itself (as of 2015), the UAV can employ only a single capability at a time: when the UAV carries the reconnaissance payload, no weaponry is carried. Similarly, when weaponry is carried, the reconnaissance payload is absent. [56]
Wing Loong ID
Upgraded variant of the Wing Loong I, with improved aerodynamics and engine enabling greater takeoff weight, service ceiling, and endurance. Other upgrades include both internal and external stores, as well as communications equipment. The variant launched in 2018 with Egypt being the first buyer of 32 systems. [57] [58] [59] The variant achieved its first flight on 23 December 2018. [60]
Wing Loong 1E
Maiden flight in 20 January 2022. [61] The new drone features larger carrying capacity than previous models. [62]

Further development

Wing Loong II
An upgraded variant of the Wing Loong, with provisions for up to twelve air-to-surface missiles. Officially entered service with the PLAAF in November 2018. [63] [64] [65]

Operators

Map with Wing Loong UAV operators in blue Wing Loong operators.png
Map with Wing Loong UAV operators in blue
A Kazakh Air Force CAIG Wing Loong during a Defender of the Fatherland Day parade on Independence Square in Nur-Sultan. Wing Loong (1).jpg
A Kazakh Air Force CAIG Wing Loong during a Defender of the Fatherland Day parade on Independence Square in Nur-Sultan.

Specifications (Wing Loong I)

Data from , [2] [4]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament

Avionics

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Related Research Articles

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Bibliography

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