Cambay Shale Formation | |
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Stratigraphic range: Eocene ~ | |
Type | Geological formation |
Location | |
Region | Gujarat |
Country | ![]() |
The Cambay Shale Formation is geologic formation in the Cambay Basin, India. It is of lower Eocene age. It varies in thickness from a few meters on the margins of the basin to more than 2,500m in the depressions. It directly overlies the Olpad Formation and is, in turn, overlain by the Anklesvar Formation in the southern part of the basin and by Kalol Formation in the northern part of the basin. Further north, the Cambay Shale, in its lower part, is gradually replaced by tongues of paralic-deltaic Kadi Formation and finally by Tharad Formation.
Source: Perroleum Geology of the Cambay Basin, India by LR Chowdhary, Indian Petroleum publishes, Dehradun, India.
Plants
Plants from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Pterospermoxylon | P. suratensis | An angiosperm. | ||||
Anthocephalophyllum | A. vastanicum | An angiosperm. | ||||
Ebenoxylon | E. cambayense | An angiosperm. | ||||
Gardeniophyllum | G. cambayum | An angiosperm. | ||||
Calophyllaceophyllum | C. eocenicum | An angiosperm. | ||||
Carallioipollenites | C. integerrimoides | An angiosperm known from fossilised pollen. | ||||
Gynocardia | G. eocenica | An angiosperm. | ||||
Mammals [1]
Anthracobunians from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Cambaytherium | C. thewissi C. gracilis C. bidens | A cambaytheriid. | ||||
Kalitherium | K. marinus | Another cambaytheriid. | ||||
Indobune | I. vastanensis | A possible anthracobunid. |
Primates [2] from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
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Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Asiadapis | A. cambayensis A. tapiensis | An Asiadapine. | ||||
Marcgodinotius | M. indicus | Another Asiadapine. | ||||
Vastanomys | V. gracilis V. major | A omomyid. | ||||
Hyaenodonts from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Indohyaenodon | I.raoi | A hyaenodont. | ||||
Dichobunids from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Diacodexis | D.indica D.pakistanensis D.parvus | A Diacodexeine. | ![]() | |||
Tapiromorphs from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Cambaylophus [3] | C. vastanensis | A tapiromorph. | ||||
Vastanolophus [4] | V. holbrooki | A tapiromorph. | ||||
Cimolestans from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Suratilestes | S. gingerichi | A cimolestan. | ||||
Anthraconyx | A. hypsomylus | A esthonychid | ||||
Bats from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Archaeonycteris | A. storchi | A bat. | ||||
Protonycteris | P. gunnelli | A bat. | ||||
Cambaya | C. complexus | A bat. | ||||
Hassianycteris | H. kumari | A bat. | ||||
Icaronycteris | I. sigei | A bat. | ||||
Jaegeria | J. cambayensis | A bat. | ||||
Microchiropteryx | M. folieae | A bat. | ||||
Other mammals from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Frugivastodon | F. cristatus | A apatemyid. | ||||
Indolestes | I. kalamensis | An adapisoriculid. | ||||
Indodelphis | I. luoi | A opossum. | ||||
Meldimys [5] | M. musak | A rodent. | ||||
Indonyctia [6] | I. cambayensis | A nyctitheriid. | ||||
Reptiles
Birds from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Vastanavis | V.eocaena | A parrot. | ||||
Lizards from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Indiagama | I. gujarata | A iguanian. | ||||
Suratagama | S. neeraae | A iguanian. | ||||
Tinosaurus | T. indicus | A iguanian. | ||||
Vastanagama | V. susanae | A iguanian. | ||||
Heterodontagama | H. borsukae | A priscagamid iguanian. | ||||
Snakes from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Platyspondylophis | P. tadkeshwarensis | A Madtsoiid. | ||||
Russellophis | R. crassus | A russelophiid. | ||||
Procerophis | P. sahnii | A snake. | ||||
Thaumastophis | T. missiaeni | A snake. | ||||
Palaeophis | P. vastaniensis | A paleophiid snake. | ||||
Amphibians
Amphibians from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Eobarbourula | E. delfinoi | A toad. | ||||
Indorana | I.prasadi | A frog. | ||||
Arthropods
Crabs
Crabs from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Philyra | P. karkata | A leucosiid crab. | ||||
Insects
Beetles from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Protoclaviger [7] | P.trichodens | A Beetle. | ||||
Cambaltica | C. paleoindica | A Flea Beetle. | ||||
Paleosorius | P. cambayensis | A Rove Beetle. | ||||
Hemipterans [8] from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Heteromargarodes | H. hukamsinghi H. americanus | A sand pearl. | ||||
Normarkicoccus | N. cambayae | A diaspidid scale insect. | ||||
Neuropterans from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Spiloconis [9] | S. sexguttata S. glaesaria S. oediloma S. eominuta | A Aleuropterygine Coniopterygid. | ||||
Bees from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Melikertes [10] | M. (Paramelikertes) gujaratensis M. (Melikertes) kamboja | A bee. | ||||
Wasps from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Trichelyon | T. tadkeshwarense | A braconid wasp. | ||||
Termites [11] from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Nanotermes | N. isaacae | A termitid termite. | ![]() | |||
Prostylotermes | P. kamboja | A Stylotermitid termite. | ![]() | |||
Parastylotermes | P. krishnai | A Stylotermitid termite. | ![]() | |||
Zophotermes | Z. ashoki | A Rhinotermitid termite | ![]() | |||
Flies from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Sycorax [12] | S. longistyla | A moth fly. | ||||
Phlebotoiella | P. eoindianensis | A moth fly of unceritian affinities. | ||||
Dicranomyia | D. (Dicranomyia) indica | The oldest known Crane fly and tipulomorph. [13] | ||||
Stempellina | S.pollex S.stebneri | A non-biting midge | ||||
Tanytarsus | T.forfex T.ramus | A non-biting midge | ||||
Camptopterohelea | C. odora | A non-biting midge | ||||
Eohelea | E. indica | A biting midge | ||||
Gedanohelea | G. gerdesorum | A biting midge | ||||
Indorrhina | I.sahnii | A biting midge | ||||
Lygistorrhina | L. indica | A biting midge | ||||
Meunierohelea | M. borkenti | A biting midge | ||||
Meunierohelea | M. cambayana | A biting midge | ||||
Meunierohelea | M. orientalis | A biting midge | ||||
Palaeognoriste | P. orientale | A biting midge | ||||
Webspinners from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Kumarembia | K. hurleyi | One of the few fossil Webspinners known. | ||||
Arachnids
Whip spiders from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Paracharonopsis [14] | P. cambayensis | A Paracharontid. | ||||
Fish
Whip spiders from the Cambay Shale formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Stratigraphic position | Notes | Images | ||
Avitoplectus [14] | A. molaris | A bony fish. | ||||
Color key
| Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
The Mymarommatoidea are a very small superfamily of microscopic fairyfly-like parasitic wasps. It contains only a single living family, Mymarommatidae, and three other extinct families known from Cretaceous aged amber. Less than half of all described species are living taxa, but they are known from all parts of the world. Undoubtedly, many more await discovery, as they are easily overlooked and difficult to study due to their extremely small size.
Palaeomedeterus is an extinct genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae, known from Baltic amber and Cambay amber from the Eocene. The genus was first proposed by Fernand Meunier in 1895 with no included species or description, though illustrations were provided for six different unnamed species.
Prostylotermes is an extinct genus of termite in the isopteran family Stylotermitidae known from two Eocene fossils found in India. The genus contains a single described species, Prostylotermes kamboja.
Zophotermes is an extinct genus of termite in the Isoptera family Rhinotermitidae known from two Eocene fossils found in India. The genus contains a single described species, Zophotermes ashoki placed in the subfamily Prorhinotermitinae.
Nanotermes is an extinct genus of termites in the Isoptera family Termitidae known from only one Eocene fossil found in amber of the Cambay Basin. The genus contains a single described species, Nanotermes isaacae placed tentatively in the subfamily Termitinae.
Parastylotermes is an extinct genus of termite in the Isoptera family Stylotermitidae known from North America, Europe, and India. The genus contains five described species, Parastylotermes calico, Parastylotermes frazieri, Parastylotermes krishnai, Parastylotermes robustus, and Parastylotermes washingtonensis.
Indohyaenodon is an extinct genus of placental mammals from family Indohyaenodontidae within extinct order Hyaenodonta, that lived during the early Eocene in India.
Spiloconis is a genus of lacewing.
Neoconis is a genus of lacewing.
Burmacoccus is an extinct genus of scale insect in the extinct monotypic family Burmacoccidae, containing a single species, Burmacoccus danyi. The genus is solely known from the Albian – Cenomanian Burmese amber deposits.
Albicoccus is an extinct genus of scale insect in the extinct monotypic family Albicoccidae, containing a single species, Albicoccus dimai. The genus is solely known from the Albian - Cenomanian Burmese amber deposits.
Marmyan is an extinct genus of scale insect, containing a single species, Marmyan barbarae and unplaced in any coccid family. The genus is solely known from the Albian – Cenomanian Burmese amber deposits.
Indiagama is an extinct genus of agamid lizard known from the type species Indiagama gujarata from the early Eocene of India. Indiagama was named in 2013 on the basis of a single lower jaw from the Cambay Shale in Gujarat. The rectangular shape of its teeth distinguish it from all other agamids, living and extinct.
Suratagama is an extinct genus of agamid lizard known from the type species Suratagama neeraae from the early Eocene of India. It was named in 2013 on the basis of three isolated jaw bones from the Cambay Shale in Gujarat.
Heterodontagama is an extinct genus of iguanian lizard from the Early Eocene of India. It belongs to the extinct family Priscagamidae, which is otherwise only known from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. The type species Heterodontagama borsukae was named in 2013 from several isolated upper and lower jaws found in an exposure of the Cambay Shale in an open-pit coal mine in Gujarat.
New Jersey Amber, sometimes called Raritan amber, is amber found in the Raritan and Magothy Formations of the Central Atlantic (Eastern) coast of the United States. It is dated to the Late Cretaceous, Turonian age, based on pollen analysis of the host formations. It has been known since the 19th century, with several of the old clay-pit sites now producing many specimens for study. It has yielded a number of organism fossils, including fungi, plants, tardigrades, insects and feathers. The first identified Cretaceous age ant was described from a fossil found in New Jersey in 1966.
This list of fossil arthropods described in 2011 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that have been described during the year 2011. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.
Prohercostomus is an extinct genus of flies in the family Dolichopodidae, known from Baltic amber from the Eocene. It was originally created as a subgenus of Hercostomus, but was later raised to genus rank.
This paleoentomology list records new fossil insect taxa that are to be described during the year 2022, as well as notes other significant paleoentomology discoveries and events which occurred during that year.
Paracharontidae is an arachnid family within the order Amblypygi. Paracharontidae and the extinct Weygoldtinidae from the Carboniferous form the suborder Paleoamblypygi, the sister group to the remaining Amblypygi. The family contains two genera: Paracharon, containing the single species Paracharon caecus Hansen, 1921 from Guinea-Bissau in West Africa, and Jorottui with the single species Jorottui ipuanai from Colombia in northern South America. Paracharonopsis from the Eocene (Ypresian) aged Cambay amber of India was initially assigned to this family but this was later questioned and it has since been reassigned to Euamblypygi. Both living species are troglobites, having no eyes, with P. caecus living in termite nests, while J. ipuanai inhabits caves.