Cambay Shale Formation

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Cambay Shale Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Eocene
~55–54  Ma
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Type Geological formation
Location
Region Gujarat
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
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Cambay Shale Formation (India)
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Cambay Shale Formation (Gujarat)

The Cambay Shale Formation is an Early Eocene-aged geologic formation in the Cambay Basin, India. It varies in thickness from a few meters on the margins of the basin to more than 2,500m in the depressions. It directly overlies the Olpad Formation and is, in turn, overlain by the Anklesvar Formation in the southern part of the basin and by Kalol Formation in the northern part of the basin. Further north, the Cambay Shale, in its lower part, is gradually replaced by tongues of paralic-deltaic Kadi Formation and finally by Tharad Formation. [1]

Contents

Paleobiota

Vertebrates

Mammals

Source: [2]

Anthracobunians from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Cambaytherium C. thewissi
C. gracilis
C. bidens
A cambaytheriid.
Kalitherium K. marinus Another cambaytheriid.
Indobune I. vastanensis A possible anthracobunid.
Primates [3] from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Asiadapis A. cambayensis
A. tapiensis
An Asiadapine.
Marcgodinotius M. indicus Another Asiadapine.
Vastanomys V. gracilis
V. major
A omomyid.
Hyaenodonts from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Indohyaenodon I.raoiA hyaenodont.
Dichobunids from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Diacodexis D.indica
D.pakistanensis
D.parvus
A Diacodexeine.
Diacodexis pakistanensis e.jpg
Tapiromorphs from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Cambaylophus [4] C. vastanensisA tapiromorph.
Vastanolophus [5] V. holbrookiA tapiromorph.
Cimolestans from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Suratilestes S. gingerichiA cimolestan.
Anthraconyx A. hypsomylusA esthonychid
Bats from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Archaeonycteris A. storchiA bat.
Protonycteris P. gunnelliA bat.
Cambaya C. complexusA bat.
Hassianycteris H. kumariA bat.
Icaronycteris I. sigeiA bat.
Jaegeria J. cambayensisA bat.
Microchiropteryx M. folieaeA bat.
Other mammals from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Frugivastodon F. cristatusA apatemyid.
Indolestes I. kalamensisAn adapisoriculid.
Indodelphis I. luoiA opossum.
Meldimys [6] M. musakA rodent.
Indonyctia [7] I. cambayensisA nyctitheriid.

Birds

Birds from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Vastanavis V.eocaenaA parrot.

Reptiles

Lizards from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Indiagama I. gujarataA iguanian.
Suratagama S. neeraaeA iguanian.
Tinosaurus T. indicusA iguanian.
Vastanagama V. susanaeA iguanian.
Heterodontagama H. borsukaeA priscagamid iguanian.
Snakes from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Platyspondylophis P. tadkeshwarensisA Madtsoiid.
Russellophis R. crassusA russelophiid.
Procerophis P. sahniiA snake.
Thaumastophis T. missiaeniA snake.
Palaeophis P. vastaniensisA paleophiid snake.

Amphibians

Amphibians from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Eobarbourula E. delfinoiA toad.
Indorana I.prasadiA frog.

Ray-finned fish

Ray-finned fish from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionMaterialNotesImages
Avitoplectus A. molarisLower jawA bizarre tetraodontiform. [8]
Diodon D. sp.TeethA porcupinefish. [9]
Egertonia E. sp.TeethA phyllodontid elopomorph. [9]
? Enchodus ?E. sp.TeethAn enchodontid aulopiform. Among the latest known remains of this otherwise Cretaceous genus, [9] but may potentially represent reworked material from lower layers. [10]
Eotrigonodon E. indicusTeethA pycnodont. [9]
Eutrichiurides E. sp.TeethA cutlassfish. [9]
Osteoglossidae indet.Teeth, scalesA bonytongue. [9]
Sphyraena S. sp.TeethA barracuda. [9]
Stephanodus S. lybicusTeethA pycnodont. [9]

Arthropods

Crabs

Crabs from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Philyra P. karkataA leucosiid crab.

Insects

Beetles from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Protoclaviger [11] P.trichodensA Beetle.
Cambaltica C. paleoindicaA Flea Beetle.
Paleosorius P. cambayensisA Rove Beetle.
Hemipterans [12] from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Heteromargarodes H. hukamsinghi
H. americanus
A sand pearl.
Normarkicoccus N. cambayaeA diaspidid scale insect.
Neuropterans from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Spiloconis [13] S. sexguttata
S. glaesaria
S. oediloma
S. eominuta
A Aleuropterygine Coniopterygid.
Bees from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Melikertes [14] M. (Paramelikertes) gujaratensis
M. (Melikertes) kamboja
A bee.
Wasps from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Trichelyon T. tadkeshwarenseA braconid wasp.
Termites [15] from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Nanotermes N. isaacaeA termitid termite.
ZooKeys-148-105-g001 Nanotermes isaacae.jpg
Prostylotermes P. kambojaA Stylotermitid termite.
ZooKeys-148-105-g002 Prostylotermes kamboja a.jpg
Parastylotermes P. krishnaiA Stylotermitid termite.
ZooKeys-148-105-g001 Parastylotermes krishnai.jpg
Zophotermes Z. ashokiA Rhinotermitid termite
ZooKeys-148-105-g001 Zophotermes ashoki.jpg
Flies from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Sycorax [16] S. longistylaA moth fly.
Phlebotoiella P. eoindianensis A moth fly of unceritian affinities.
Dicranomyia D. (Dicranomyia) indica The oldest known Crane fly and tipulomorph. [17]
Stempellina S.pollex
S.stebneri
A non-biting midge
Tanytarsus T.forfex
T.ramus
A non-biting midge
Camptopterohelea C. odoraA non-biting midge
Eohelea E. indicaA biting midge
Gedanohelea G. gerdesorumA biting midge
Indorrhina I.sahniiA biting midge
Lygistorrhina L. indicaA biting midge
Meunierohelea M. borkentiA biting midge
Meunierohelea M. cambayanaA biting midge
Meunierohelea M. orientalisA biting midge
Palaeognoriste P. orientaleA biting midge
Webspinners from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Kumarembia K. hurleyiOne of the few fossil Webspinners known.

Arachnids

Whip spiders from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Paracharonopsis [18] P. cambayensisA Paracharontid.

Plants

Plants from the Cambay Shale formation
GenusSpeciesStratigraphic positionNotesImages
Pterospermoxylon P. suratensisAn angiosperm.
Anthocephalophyllum A. vastanicumAn angiosperm.
Ebenoxylon E. cambayenseAn angiosperm.
Gardeniophyllum G. cambayumAn angiosperm.
Calophyllaceophyllum C. eocenicumAn angiosperm.
Carallioipollenites C. integerrimoidesAn angiosperm known from fossilised pollen.
Gynocardia G. eocenicaAn angiosperm.


Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxonTaxon falsely reported as presentDubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

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References

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