Campus Area Bus Service

Campus Area Bus Service

A CABS bus driving the Campus Loop South route
Parent	Ohio State University
Founded	1923 (1923)
Service area	OSU Columbus campus and off-campus housing
Routes	5 [1]
Stops	46 [1]
Annual ridership	5 million [2]
Fuel type	Compressed natural gas, Diesel
Director	Beth Snoke [3]
Website	ttm.osu.edu/cabs

Campus Area Bus Service (CABS) is a free public transportation system at the Ohio State University's Columbus campus. The system consists of five bus routes that connect various points of Ohio State's campus, and the immediate off-campus area. The system connects with the Central Ohio Transit Authority's bus routes at several points. ^[4]

The system is one of the largest campus transit systems in the United States. ^[5] Ridership has grown from 4 million passengers in 2003 to an estimated 5 million passengers in 2015. ^{[6] [2]}

History

Bussing has been available at Ohio State since at least 1923. At the time, there was a single 1921 Reo bus that was made out of plywood and had solid rubber tires. When it was first offered, it was primarily used to transport students between the main campus, and the agricultural campus across the Olentangy River. ^[7]

By the 1960s, there were 19 buses in the fleet, and buses ran as far north as Ohio State University Airport, and as far south as the Children's Hospital. There was both regularly scheduled service, and on-demand service available by calling the bus operator. ^{[7] [8]}

In the 1970s, there were a series of pushes by the student governments to provide bus service between the campus area, and off-campus area where most students lived due to safety concerns. ^[9] In 1971, a group of students chartered a bus from the Columbus Transit Company to act as a shuttle between on-campus and off-campus arrest. Two routes served the area, one each for North and South campuses. When the service began, it cost $4 for a quarter-long pass, or 25¢ per ride. It was originally operated as a flag-stop service, meaning that students could board the bus from any intersection by signaling to the bus. ^[10] This off-campus service was discontinued in January 1972 due to low ridership. ^[11]

In 1978, a bus linking the on and off campus areas, this time operated by Ohio State, began due to an increasing rate of rape occurring near campus. ^[12]

In 1991, Ohio State attempted to cut daytime bus service over its cost, but halted the move after receiving negative feedback. ^[13] Student leaders requested time to notify would-be passengers, and daytime service was cut in January 1992. ^[14]

In 1998, the university began to heavily invest in bus service, raising its budget from $1 million to $2.5 million. A traffic study that year determined that adequate parking could never be built. The university found that investing in transit is cheaper than building garages. It raised parking fees for the main campus and used the funds to purchase additional buses and expand service hours (from 29,000 to 83,000). CABS began offering fixed route overnight as well as weekend service as part of these changes. Ridership subsequently increased from 1.2 million in 1998 to 2.3 million in 1999. ^[15]

In 2009, CABS buses were equipped with GPS devices, giving passengers real-time arrival times for the bus system. ^[5]

In 2012, the university gave parking operations to a private contractor. The move cut off the bus system's revenue stream, so the university moved to fund the service from its endowment. ^[16]

In 2013, the Wexner Medical Center's Patient Courtesy Shuttle system was transferred to Transportation & Traffic Management, the organization that oversees CABS. This allowed the integration of PCS drivers into one seniority system, and ensured the availability of additional drivers in the event of illness, expansion of service, etc. The Patient Courtesy Shuttle service began overnight service as part of this transition, providing door to door rides for late night staff as well as visitors and patients of the Hospital.

On November 23, 2018, a bus carrying Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center employees was hit by a truck at an intersection resulting in at least 17 injuries. The truck driver was determined to be at fault. Following the incident, the university stated it would add more buses at peak times on the route to reduce overcrowding and that it was purchasing additional buses. ^[17]

The Covid-19 outbreak in 2020, along with ongoing construction projects on Central and West Campus, led to a reorganization of routes and service times for transit operations. Increased bus frequency was initially required after students were permitted to return to campus but required to follow social distancing guidelines. Fixed route overnight service was replaced by a fully on-demand system utilizing shuttle buses which allow greater flexibility along with Medical Center Patient Courtesy Shuttle services.

Services

CABS routes can be planned through the Pivot app, a tool developed by Smart Columbus in 2020 for multi-modal trip planning and payment. ^{[18] [19]} An earlier service, called Connect and Ride or C-Ride, was developed with researchers at Battelle Memorial Institute in 2014. ^[20]

Routes

The Herrick Transit Hub serves most CABS routes

CABS currently operates five routes on Ohio State's main campus. Most routes run from early morning to night on weekdays, with some routes also offering late-night, 24-hour, and weekend service. ^[1] Additionally, the university provides a pickup and dropoff service for disabled students. ^[21]

Abbreviation	Route name	Route description
BE	Buckeye Express	Travels from central campus with a clockwise loop around the Ohio Union
CLS	Campus Loop South	Travels counter-clockwise around central campus, and up to the Buckeye Lot
ER	East Residential	Travels from the Ohio Union to off-campus housing east of campus
MC	Med Center Express	Travels from the Carmack parking lots to the Herrick Drive Transit Hub
CC	Campus Connector	Travels clockwise around central campus, and to the Carmack parking lots

Operation

The Campus Area Bus Service employs students for bus operation; approximately 67 percent of its drivers were students, provided with on-the-job training, in 2009. ^[5]

Fleet

All of the buses in the CABS fleet are outfitted with automated passenger counters and GPS devices to gather data about ridership and bus performance as a part of Ohio State's Campus Transit Lab. ^[22]

At least 33 of the 47 total buses in the fleet are powered by compressed natural gas (CNG) in an effort to reduce emissions, including six that were purchased with funds from the Volkswagen emissions scandal settlement. ^[23] The transition from diesel to CNG began around 2015 due to the environmental and cost benefits, prompting a long-term plan to move the entire bus fleet to CNG. The move follows COTA, which began operating its first 30 CNG buses in 2013. ^[24] CABS' fleet also includes several hybrid-electric vehicles. ^[25]

Active bus fleet

Year	Manufacturer & Model	Length	Engine Type	Numbers	Notes
2005	Motor Coach Industries J4500	45 ft (14 m)	Diesel	585, 586 (2 buses)	Caterpillar C13 engines and Allison transmissions. Originally delivered with ZF Astronic transmissions.
2011	Gillig Gillig Low Floor	40 ft (12 m)	Diesel	1101–1110 (10 buses)	Cummins ISL engines and Voith transmissions.
2011			Diesel-Electric Hybrid	1111–1112 (2 buses)	Cummins ISB engines and Allison Hybrid drives.
2012	Motor Coach Industries J4500	45 ft (14 m)	Diesel	641, 644 (2 buses)	Cummins ISX engines and Allison transmissions.
2013	Gillig Gillig Low Floor	40 ft (12 m)	Diesel	1301–1306 (6 buses)	Cummins ISL engines and Voith transmissions
2015			CNG	1501–1504 (4 buses)	Westport Cummins ISL-G engines and Voith transmissions
2016	Motor Coach Industries J4500	45 ft (14 m)	Diesel	417, 613 (2 buses)	Cummins ISX engines and Allison transmissions.
2017	Gillig Gillig Low Floor	40 ft (12 m)	CNG	1701–1706 (6 buses)	Westport Cummins ISL-G engines and Voith transmissions
2018				1801–1806 (6 buses)
2019				1901–1906 (6 buses)
2020				2001–2003 (3 buses)
2021				2101–2104 (4 buses)
2022				2201–2204 (4 buses)

Historic bus fleet

Year	Manufacturer & Model	Length	Engine Type	Numbers	Notes
1995	Flxible Flxible Metro	40 ft (12 m)	Diesel	9501–9506 (6 buses)	Purchased used in late 2010 to offset late delivery of new vehicles. Retired in late 2011. Cummins C8.3 engines and ZF Ecomat transmissions.
1997	Blue Bird Corporation CSFE	30 ft (9.1 m)		97217, ?, ? (3 buses)	Retired in early 2000s. Purchased by a local charter bus company. Cummins ISB engines and Allison transmissions.
1998	Gillig Gillig Phantom	40 ft (12 m)		9801–9805 (5 buses)	Retired in 2016. Cummins M11 engines and Allison transmissions.
1998	NovaBus NovaLFS			98542 (1 bus)	Factory demonstrator unit. Retired in 2009. Delivered to COTA and turned into an accessibility simulator. Detroit Diesel Series 40E engine and Allison transmission.
1999	Gillig Gillig Phantom			9901–9904 (4 buses)	Retired in 2017. Cummins ISM engines and Allison transmissions.
1999	NovaBus NovaLFS			99541 (1 bus)	Factory demonstrator unit. Scrapped in 2010. Cummins ISC engine and Allison transmission.
2001	Gillig Gillig Phantom	35 ft (11 m)		2101–2105 (5 buses)	Retired in 2018. Cummins ISM engines and Allison transmissions.
2002		40 ft (12 m)		2201–2206 (6 buses)	Scrapped in 2019 with EPA funds. Cummins ISM engines and Voith transmissions.
2003	Gillig Gillig Low Floor			2301–2302 (2 buses)	Purchased used in 2017 to offset late delivery. Retired in 2020. Cummins ISL engines and Voith transmissions.
2005	Gillig Gillig Phantom			2501–2506 (6 buses)	2505 scrapped due to fire in 2010. Remaining units retired 2020. Cummins ISM engines and Voith transmissions.
2016	ElDorado National-California ENC Axess		Hydrogen fuel cell	1601 (1 bus)	Operated as part of a vehicle demonstration. Owned by SARTA. Returned to SARTA in 2018.

Gallery

• 
  A CABS bus stop with previous branding
• 
  The interior of a CABS bus, with dividers installed on seats due to the COVID-19 pandemic
• 
  A CABS and COTA stop across from Hale Hall
• 
  An example CABS timetable
• 
  A CABS bus in a previous livery

See also

• Buses portal
• Ohio portal

• Public transit in Columbus, Ohio
• List of bus transit systems in the United States

References

1. "Campus Area Bus Service - 2022-2023 Service Hours and Frequency" (PDF). October 7, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
2. McCord, Mark R.; Mishalani, Rabi G.; Ettefagh, Mahsa (January 2015). "Effect of Real-Time Passenger Information Systems on Perceptions of Transit's Favorable Environmental and Traffic Reduction Roles". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2538 (1): 102–109. doi: 10.3141/2538-12 . ISSN   0361-1981. S2CID   112713003. Archived from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
3. Smola, Jennifer. "Ohio State starts massive Cannon Drive project, spurred by flood on Iowa's campus". The Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
4. "CABS System Map". Archived from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
5. Pyle, Encarnacion (December 12, 2009). "No more waiting at the bus stop - OSU outfits buses with GPS so students know when next will arrive". NewsBank. Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
6. "University soy biodiesel program launched at FSR". Lancaster Eagle-Gazette. September 28, 2003. p. 12B.
7. "University Bus In 42nd Year". The Lantern . Ohio State University School of Communication. August 5, 1965.
8. "Some Students Beat Bell Thanks To Shuttle Buses". The Lantern . Ohio State University School of Communication. April 6, 1961.
9. Mahoney, Patti (April 29, 1970). "Funds to Decide Bus Fate". The Lantern .
10. Janes, Terri (November 30, 1971). "'Dry Run' tests CTC bus service in campus area". The Lantern .
11. "CABS discontinued". The Lantern . Ohio State University School of Communication. January 17, 1972.
12. Stoiber, Julie (January 25, 1978). "Off-campus bus to combat rape". The Lantern . Ohio State University School of Communication.
13. Honig, Douglas (September 23, 1991). "Bus service reduced during Fall Quarter". The Lantern . Ohio State University School of Communication.
14. Doulin, Tim (January 7, 1992). "OSU Curtails its Daytime Bus Service". NewsBank. Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
15. Williams, Brian (February 3, 2000). "Buses Play Big Part in OSU Strategy - the Service Has Eased the Tight Parking Situation on Campus, Officials Say". NewsBank. Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
16. Mogan Edwards, Mary (January 29, 2016). "Despite complaints, parking deal results in millions for Ohio State". Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
17. "Ohio State releases video of CABS bus crash; says changes to system are being made". NBC4. December 13, 2018. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
18. Ferenchik, Mark. "Apps allow users to pay for multiple trips and find parking in the Short North, Downtown". The Columbus Dispatch.
19. Ferenchik, Mark. "Smart Columbus pilot programs, including driver safety, Linden shuttle, up and running". The Columbus Dispatch.
20. Gibbons, Lauren (May 30, 2014). "Transportation - App that streamlines busing tested on local commuters". NewsBank. Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
21. Martini, Kathleen (December 3, 2013). "Handivans increase campus accessibility". The Newark Advocate. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
22. Ji, Yuxiong; Mishalani, Rabi G.; McCord, Mark R.; Goel, Prem K. (January 2011). "Identifying Homogeneous Periods in Bus Route Origin-Destination Passenger Flow Patterns from Automatic Passenger Counter Data". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2216 (1): 42–50. doi:10.3141/2216-05. ISSN   0361-1981. S2CID   111166661. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
23. Bush, Bill. "Schools, COTA use VW settlement funds for new, cleaner vehicles". The Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
24. Arenschield, Laura (March 23, 2015). "Ohio State takes another step toward CNG buses". NewsBank. Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
25. "New Ohio State University Diesel-electric Powered Hybrid Buses Delivered by GILLIG LLC Roll Out with Vanner Hybrid Beltless Alternators". PRWeb. Archived from the original on November 11, 2011. Retrieved April 11, 2021.

External links

• Official website
• Route map