Canavalia

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Canavalia
Canavalia sericea.jpg
Canavalia sericea
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Diocleae
Genus: Canavalia
DC. [1]
Species [1]

62; see text

Synonyms [1]
  • CanavaliAdans. (1763), nom. rej.
  • ClementeaCav. (1804)
  • CryptophaeseolusKuntze (1891)
  • MalocchiaSavi (1824)
  • WenderothiaSchltdl. (1838)

Canavalia is a genus of plants in the legume family (Fabaceae) that comprises approximately 62 species of tropical vines. [1] Members of the genus are commonly known as jack-beans. It has a pantropical distribution. [1]

Contents

The species of Canavalia endemic to the Hawaiian Islands were named ʻāwikiwiki by the Native Hawaiians. The name translates to "the very quick one" [2] and comes from the Hawaiian word for "fast". The genus name is derived from the Malabar word for the species, kavavali, which means "forest climber." [3]

Uses

Several species are valued legume crops, including common jack-bean ( C. ensiformis ), sword bean ( C. gladiata ) and C. cathartica . At least the first makes a beneficial weed- and pathogen-suppressing living mulch. [4] The common jack-bean is also a source of the lectin concanavalin A, which is used as a reagent in glycoprotein biochemistry and immunology. The jack-bean is also a common source of purified urease enzyme used in scientific research.

The bay bean ( Canavalia rosea ) is supposedly mildly psychoactive when smoked, and is used in tobacco substitutes.

Ecology

Some animals have adaptations to the defensive chemicals of jack-beans. Caterpillars such as that of the two-barred flasher (Astraptes fulgerator) are sometimes found on Canavalia. The plant pathogenic ascomycete fungus Mycosphaerella canavaliae was described from a jack-bean. Introduced herbivores have wreaked havoc on Canavalia on the Hawaiian Islands and made some nearly extinct; it may be that these lost their chemical defenses because no herbivorous mammals existed in their range until introduced by humans. The usually bright pea-flowers are pollinated by insects such as solitary bees and carpenter bees such as Xylocopa confusa .

History

The genus name Canavalia was, as recently as 1913, known as Canavali. [5]

Diversity

Canavalia cathartica illustration. Francisco Manuel Blanco, Flora de Filipinas, etc. (1880-1883) Canavalia cathartica Blanco2.319.png
Canavalia cathartica illustration. Francisco Manuel Blanco, Flora de Filipinas, etc. (1880-1883)
Canavalia lineata Canavalia lineata (sagar-abai) in Kawal WS, AP W2 IMG 2205.jpg
Canavalia lineata

Species include: [6]

Formerly placed here

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phaseoleae</span> Tribe of legumes

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<i>Bouvardia</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Canavalia gladiata</i> Species of flowering plant

Canavalia gladiata, the sword bean or scimitar bean, is a domesticated plant species in the legume family Fabaceae. It is used as a vegetable in interior central and south central India, though not commercially farmed. The unripe pods are also eaten as a vegetable in Africa and Asia.

<i>Chamaecrista</i> Genus of legumes

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<i>Canavalia molokaiensis</i> Species of legume

Canavalia molokaiensis, commonly known as the Molokaʻi Jack-bean or puakauhi, is a rare species flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae, that is endemic to the island of Molokaʻi in Hawaii. This and other Hawaiian Canavalia are known there as ʻāwikiwiki.

<i>Canavalia napaliensis</i> Species of legume

Canavalia napaliensis, commonly known as the Mākaha Valley Jack-bean, is a species of flowering plant in the pea family, Fabaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It was previously more widespread in the archipelago and could be found in Oʻahu's Mākaha Valley, but is today restricted to northwestern Kauaʻi. This and other Hawaiian Canavalia are known there as ʻāwikiwiki.

<i>Canavalia pubescens</i> Species of legume

Canavalia pubescens, commonly known as ʻĀwikiwiki or Lavafield Jack-bean, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii.

<i>Ormosia</i> Genus of legumes

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<i>Swartzia</i> Genus of legumes

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<i>Canavalia ensiformis</i> Species of legume

Canavalia ensiformis is a legume which is used for animal fodder and human nutrition, especially in Brazil where it is called feijão-de-porco. It is also the source of concanavalin A.

<i>Canavalia rosea</i> Species of legume

Canavalia rosea is a species of flowering plant of the genus Canavalia in the pea family of Fabaceae, it has a pantropical and subtropical distribution in upper beaches, cliffs, and dunes. Common names include beach bean, bay bean, sea bean, greater sea bean, seaside jack-bean, coastal jack-bean, and MacKenzie bean.

<i>Galactia</i> Genus of legumes

Galactia is a genus of plants in the legume family (Fabaceae). It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae and tribe Diocleae They do not have an unambiguous common name, being commonly called milk peas, beach peas or wild peas. They are perennial herbs or subshrubs with prostrate, climbing, or erect forms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dalbergieae</span> Tribe of legumes

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<i>Canavalia cathartica</i> Species of legume

Canavalia cathartica, commonly known as maunaloa in the Hawaiian language, is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. The Hawaiian name translates as long mountain. In English it may also be known as poisonous sea bean, ground jack bean, horse bean, silky sea bean or wild bean. It has a Paleotropical distribution, occurring throughout tropical regions in Asia, Africa, Australia, and many Pacific Islands, and extending just into subtropical areas. It is not native to Hawaii, and is an invasive species there.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diocleae</span> Tribe of legumes

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Canavalia DC. Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  2. Pukui, M. K., et al. (1992): New Pocket Hawaiian Dictionary with a Concise Grammars and Given Names in Hawaiian. University of Hawaii PRess, Honolulu. ISBN   0-8248-1392-8
  3. Austin, D. F. (2004). Florida Ethnobotany. CRC Press. p. 161. ISBN   978-0-8493-2332-4.
  4. Caamal-Maldonado, J. A.; et al. (2001). "The use of allelopathic legume cover and mulch species for weed control in cropping systems". Agronomy Journal. 93: 27–36. doi:10.2134/agronj2001.93127x. Archived from the original on 2014-05-25. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  5. Piper, C. V. 1913. "The Jack Bean and the Sword Bean." USDA Bureau of Plant Industry, Circular. No. 110. p. 29-36
  6. Genus Canavalia. Archived 2014-05-17 at the Wayback Machine International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS). Version 10.01, November 2005. Retrieved 17 December 2007.
  7. 1 2 "GRIN Species Records of Canavalia". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2009-01-20. Retrieved 2010-12-03.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "ʻawikiwiki, puakauhi". Hawaiian Ethnobotany Database. Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Archived from the original on 2007-07-02. Retrieved 2009-03-26.
  9. "Canavalia galeata". Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa . Retrieved 2009-03-26.