Capital punishment in San Marino

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Capital punishment is no longer applied in San Marino : the last execution was carried out in 1468 [1] [2] or in 1667, [3] by hanging.

San Marino is one of only two countries in the world to have ceased carrying out executions prior to 1800 (the other is Liechtenstein, where the last execution took place in 1785). [4]

San Marino was the first country in the world to abolish the death penalty for ordinary crimes, in 1848. In 1865, it became the second country in the world (and the first in Europe) to abolish the death penalty for all crimes, following Venezuela in 1863. [5] It is one of only three countries to have abolished the death penalty for all crimes before 1900 (the third one being Costa Rica). [6] [7]

In 1989, it formally ratified Protocol No. 6 to the European Convention on Human Rights, which requires the complete abolition of the death penalty in peacetime. [8] On 3 May 2002, it signed Protocol No. 13 to the European Convention on Human Rights, which requires the complete abolition of the death penalty, including in times of war or eminent threat of war. On 25 April 2003, it ratified Protocol No. 13. [9] San Marino is also a state party to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which it signed on 26 September 2003 and ratified on 17 August 2004. [10]

San Marino voted in favor of the United Nations moratorium on the death penalty in 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, and most recently, in 2020.

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Capital punishment in Gabon was officially abolished for all crimes in 2010. Gabon's last execution took place in 1985. Prior to abolition, Gabon was classified as de facto abolitionist, or "abolitionist in practice," due to the length of time since their last execution.

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Ethiopia retains capital punishment while not ratified the Second Optional Protocol (ICCR) of UN General Assembly resolution. Historically, capital punishments was codified under Fetha Negest in order to fulfill societal desire. Death penalty can be applied through approval of the President, but executions are rare.

References

  1. ↑ Death Penalty Archived August 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine , Belgorod State University
  2. ↑ "The end of capital punishment in Europe", Capital Punishment UK
  3. ↑ "1865. San Marino decide la completa abolizione della pena di morte". sanmarinortv.sm (in Italian). 10 October 2010. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  4. ↑ "Death Penalty Statistics 2006", Amnesty International
  5. ↑ Determinants of the death penalty: a comparative study of the world, Carsten Anckar, Routledge, 2004, ISBN   0-415-33398-9, p.17
  6. ↑ Death Penalty: Beyond Abolition, Council of Europe, 2004, ISBN   92-871-5332-9, p.32
  7. ↑ "THE DEATH PENALTY: ABOLITION GAINS GROUND" Archived March 7, 2010, at the Wayback Machine , Martine Jacot, UNESCO Courier, October 1999
  8. ↑ "The end of capital punishment in Europe", Capital Punishment UK
  9. ↑ "Chart of signatures and ratifications of Treaty 187". coe.int. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  10. ↑ "12. Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty". un.org. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
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