Carijona language

Carijona
Hianacoto
Tsahá
Native to	Colombia
Ethnicity	290 Carijona (2007) [1]
Native speakers	15 (2015) [2]
Language family	Cariban Guianan Carib Taranoan Carijona
Dialects	Hianacoto Karihona Umaua Guaque
Language codes
ISO 639-3	cbd
Glottolog	cari1279
ELP	Carijona
Carijona is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger .

Carijona (Karihona) is a moribund Cariban language, or a pair of languages, of Colombia. It is spoken by only 15 people as of 2015. ^[2] Derbyshire (1999) lists the varieties Hianacoto-Umaua and Carijona proper as separate languages. ^[3]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Post-alv.	Velar	Glottal
Stop	voiceless		t		k
	voiced	b	d		ɡ
Affricate	voiceless			tʃ
	voiced			dʒ
Nasal		m	n	ɲ
Fricative			s		w	h
Tap			ɾ

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	ɨ	u
Mid	e	ə	o
Open		a

^[4]

References

1. Carijona language at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
2. Guerrero-Beltran 2019, p. 1.
3. Derbyshire, Desmond (1999). "Carib". In Dixon, R. M. W. (ed.). The Amazonian languages. Cambridge language surveys (1. publ ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 23–64. ISBN   978-0-521-57021-3.
4. Guerrero-Beltran 2019, p. 41.

Further reading

• Franco, Roberto (2002). Los carijonas de Chiribiquete (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Bogotá: Fundación Puerto Rastrojo. ISBN   978-958-33-4458-9.
• Guerrero-Beltran, David Felipe (2019). The Grammar of Space in Karijona, a Cariban language from Northwest Amazonia (MA thesis). Bogotá, Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
• Guerrero-Beltran, David Felipe (2016). Estructura de la oración simple en Karijona: lengua indígena de la Amazonía colombiana (BA thesis) (in Spanish). Bogotá, Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.10726.14401.
• Guerrero-Beltran, David Felipe; Wojtylak, Katarzyna I. (2022). "Through space, relations, and thoughts: The system of postpositions in Karijona (Cariban, Amazonia)". Studies in Language. 46 (3): 559–593. doi:10.1075/sl.20050.gue.
• Robayo, Camilo (2000). "Avance sobre morfología carijona". In González de Pérez, María Stella; Montes Rodríguez, María Emilia (eds.). Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva. Santafé de Bogotá: ICC. pp. 171–180. ISBN   9789586110839.
• Robayo, Camilo (1997). "Babel de nuevo erigida: el caso de la lengua Carijona". In Pachón, X.; Correa, F. (eds.). Lenguas amerindias: condiciones sociolingüísticas en Colombia. Santafé de Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano Antropología. pp. 541–585. OCLC   42771230.
• Schindler, Helmut (2018). Die Karihona: eine Caribgruppe Nordwest-Amazoniens. Ethnologie. München: Herbert Utz Verlag. ISBN   978-3-8316-4715-6. OCLC   1107870042.