 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations .(August 2024) |
| Ocaina | |
|---|---|
| Xáfahxajoh | |
 An Ocaina chief in 1924. | |
| Native to | Peru, Colombia |
Native speakers | 55 (2000–2012) [1] |
Bora–Huitoto
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | oca |
| Glottolog | ocai1244 |
| ELP | Ocaina |
 | |
Ocaina is an indigenous American language spoken in western South America.
Ocaina belongs to the Witotoan language family. It is its own group within the Huitoto-Ocaina sub-family.
Ocaina is spoken by 54 people in northeastern Peru and by 12 more in the Amazonas region of Colombia. Few children speak the language.[ citation needed ]
There are two dialects of Ocaina: Dukaiya and Ibo'tsa.
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar/ Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | lenis | m | n | ɲ | ||
| fortis | mː | nː | ɲː | |||
| Plosive | p b | t r | tʲ dʲ | k ɡ | ʔ | |
| Affricate | ts dz | tʃ dʒ | ||||
| Fricative | ɸ β | s | ʃ ʒ | x | h | |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i , ĩ | ɨ , ɨ̃ | |
| Low | e | a , ã | o , õ |
Syllables in Ocaina may be marked with one of two tones: high or low.
Syllables in Ocaina consist of a vowel; single consonants may appear on either side of the vowel: (C)V(C).
Ocaina is written using a Latin alphabet. A chart of symbols with the sounds they represent is as follows:
| Latin | IPA |
|---|---|
| a | /a/ |
| b | /b/ |
| c | /k/ - /ts/ |
| ch | /tʃ/ |
| ds | /dz/ |
| dy | /dʲ/ |
| e | /e/ |
| f | /ɸ/ |
| g(u) | /ɡ/ - /h/ |
| h | /ʔ/ |
| i | /i/ |
| j | /h/ |
| k | /k/ |
| ll | /dʒ/ |
| m | /m/ |
| m̈ | /mː/ |
| n | /n/ |
| n̈ | /nː/ |
| ñ | /ɲ/ |
| ñ̈ | /ɲː/ |
| o | /o/ |
| p | /p/ |
| qu | /k/ |
| r | /r/ |
| s | /s/ |
| sh | /ʃ/ |
| t | /t/ |
| z | /ts/ |
| ty | /tʲ/ |
| u | /ɨ/ |
| v | /β/ |
| x | /x/ |
| y | /ʒ/ |
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