Stereograph of stern-wheel steamer Cascade in the Columbia Gorge in 1867 | |
History | |
---|---|
Name | Cascade |
Owner | Oregon Steam Navigation Company |
Port of registry | Portland, Oregon |
Route | Lower Columbia River |
Builder | Washington Territory Transportation Company |
In service | 1865 |
Out of service | 1870 |
Identification | U.S. registry 5263 |
Fate | Abandoned |
General characteristics | |
Type | inland multi-purpose |
Tonnage | 401.25 GRT |
Length | 155 ft (47.2 m) |
Beam | 27.5 ft (8.4 m) |
Depth | 5.9 ft (2 m) depth of hold |
Installed power | twin single-cylinder steam engines |
Propulsion | stern-wheel |
Speed | 15 mph (24 km/h) |
Cascade (also seen as Cascades) was a stern-wheel-driven steamboat built in Oregon which operated on the lower Columbia and the lower Willamette rivers. The vessel ran from 1864 to 1870, mainly under the ownership of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company.
In 1864, which was reported to have been a good year for business in the Washington Territory, three entrepreneurs named Donohue, and Captains William Kohl, and Alexander P. Ankeny, formed the Washington Territory Transportation Company. [1] The company's objective was to compete with the Oregon Steam Navigation Company for steamboat business on the Columbia River. [1] To this end, the company built, at Utsalady, Washington Territory, on Camano Island a sternwheeler named Cascade (or Cascades). [1]
Cascade was able to reach 15 miles per hour (24 km/h) and had a large carrying capacity. [1] The merchant vessel registry number was 5263. [2] The dimensions of the steamer were: length 155 ft (47.2 m); beam 27.5 ft (8.4 m); depth of hold 5.9 ft (2 m). [1] The steam engines generated 94 horsepower (70 kW). [2] The engines first used had cylinders that were 16 inches (41 cm) in diameter with a piston stroke of 72 inches (180 cm). The replacement engines in 1865 were 18+1⁄2 by 72 inches (47 by 183 cm). [1]
In a non-contemporaneous source (1895) Cascade was reported to have been the first sternwheeler with a wheelhouse, which was an innovation by engineer John Gates. [1] This may have been true for the Columbia River, but in fact the sternwheeler Enterprise, built at Canemah, Oregon in 1863, also had a wheelhouse, but was operated solely on the upper Willamette River.
Upon completion, Cascade was sent to the Columbia River carrying machinery for two other steamers which the owners expected to build on the Columbia. [1] Cascade arrived at Portland, Oregon on September 5, 1864, and immediately began a refit, making a trial trip on January 23, 1865, with Captain Van Bergen at the wheel. [1] Before Cascade could engage in serious competition, the Oregon Steam Navigation Company started paying her owners a monthly stipend on condition that they would keep Cascade idle. [1]
In July 1865 OSN purchased Cascade outright, installed larger engines in the vessel, and placed it on the route running from Portland to the Cascade Rapids in the Columbia Gorge. [1] As of September 22, 1865, Cascade was running daily (except Sundays) on the lower Columbia River from Portland to the depot of the Cascades portage railroad at the foot of the Cascade Rapids. [3] Cascade departed from the depot at 5:00 a.m. bound for Portland under the command of Captain John Wolfe (or Wolf). [3] The portage railroad connected at the top of the Cascade Rapids with the steamer Oneonta, which would then carry passengers and freight east upstream to The Dalles. [3] From The Dalles, another portage railroad skirted the Celilo Rapids to connect with steamers that carried traffic further upriver to Wallula, Washington Territory. [3]
In 1870 according to non-contemporaneous sources, Cascade was either abandoned [1] or dismantled. [4] Contemporaneous sources report differently. In November 1870, Cascade was being rebuilt in Portland at the OSN "boneyard." [5] A new hull was built, and staterooms were added along the entire length of the cabin. [5] The upper berths in the staterooms were single, and the lower ones were double. [5] The rebuilt vessel would differ from other steamboats in that the aft part of the cabin would be open to allow passengers a better view of the passing scenery. [5] The engines were being cleaned, and were to be replaced when the decking was complete. [5] The work was nearing completion in early December 1870. [6] As of 1874, had a gross register tonnage of 401.25. [2] Tonnage in this instance was a measure of size and not weight. [2]
R. R. Thompson was a large sternwheel steamboat designed in the classic Columbia River style. She was named after Robert R. Thompson, one of the shareholders of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company, the firm that built the vessel.
Gazelle was an early sidewheeler on the Willamette River in what is now the U.S. state of Oregon. She did not operate long, suffering a catastrophic boiler explosion on April 8, 1854, less than a month after her trial voyage. This was the worst such explosion ever to occur in the Pacific Northwest states. The wrecked Gazelle was rebuilt and operated for a few years, first briefly as the unpowered barge Sarah Hoyt and then, with boilers installed, as the steamer Señorita. A victim of the explosion was D.P. Fuller, age 28, who is buried in Lone Fir Cemetery in Portland, Oregon.
The Belle of Oregon City, generally referred to as Belle, was built in 1853, and was the first iron steamboat built on the west coast of North America.
Elk was a stern-wheel driven steamboat built on the Willamette River in 1857 at Canemah, Oregon. This steamboat is chiefly remembered for its destruction by a boiler explosion in which by good fortune no one was seriously hurt. A folklore tale later arose about this disaster.
Emma Hayward commonly called the Hayward, was a steamboat that served in the Pacific Northwest. This vessel was once one of the finest and fastest steamboats on the Columbia River and Puget Sound. As newer vessels came into service, Emma Hayward was relegated to secondary roles, and, by 1891, was converted into a Columbia river tow boat.
Jennie Clark, also seen spelled Jenny Clark, was the first sternwheel-driven steamboat to operate on the rivers of the Pacific Northwest, including British Columbia. This vessel was commonly known as the Jennie when it was in service. The design of the Jennie Clark set a pattern for all future sternwheel steamboats built in the Pacific Northwest and in British Columbia.
Black Hawk was one of three small iron-propeller driven steamboats manufactured in Philadelphia in about 1850 and shipped to the west coast of United States to be placed in river service. The other boats were Eagle and Major Redding. These boats were some of the earliest steamers to operate on the Willamette and Columbia rivers. They could carry about 12 passengers and perhaps a ton of cargo. The boats had to be small to make the run to Oregon City, which passed through the Clackamas rapids a short distance downriver from the town.
The People's Transportation Company operated steamboats on the Willamette River and its tributaries, the Yamhill and Tualatin rivers, in the State of Oregon from 1862 to 1871. For a brief time this company operated steamers on the Columbia River, and for about two months in 1864, the company operated a small steamer on the Clackamas River.
Shoo Fly was a sternwheel-driven steamboat that operated on the Willamette and Columbia rivers in the 1870s. Originally built as primarily a freight boat, the vessel was used in other roles, including towing and clearing of snags. Shoo Fly inspired the name of another sternwheeler on the Willamette River, Don't Bother Me.
The Upper Willamette Transportation Line was a line of four inland steamboats that operated from the fall of 1859 to the summer of 1860 on the upper Willamette River in the state of Oregon, United States.
James Clinton was a steamboat which operated on the upper Willamette River from 1856 to 1861. Although the Clinton was said to have been "not a very good boat.", it was the first steamer ever to reach Eugene, Oregon. James Clinton was destroyed in April 1861, when a large fire broke out at Linn City, Oregon in a shoreside structure near to where the vessel was moored.
Oregon was a side-wheel driven steamboat that operated on the Willamette River in the state of Oregon from 1852 to 1854. The steamer was not economically successful and became a total loss by sinking after a short career.
Minnehaha was a sternwheel-driven steamboat which was built in 1866 on Oswego Lake, then known as Sucker Lake, in Oregon, United States. Minnehaha was later transferred to the Willamette and Columbia rivers where it operated for the first part of the 1870s.
Albany was a stern-wheel driven steamboat that operated on the Willamette River from 1868 to 1875. This vessel should not be confused with the later sternwheeler Albany, which ran, also on the Willamette River, from 1896 to 1906, when it was rebuilt and renamed Georgie Burton.
Onward was a stern-wheel driven steamboat that operated on the Tualatin River from 1867 to 1873, on Sucker Lake, now known as Oswego Lake, from 1873 to 1874, on the Cowlitz and Lewis rivers. This vessel should not be confused with the similar sternwheeler Onward built in 1858 at Canemah, Oregon and dismantled in 1865.
Active was a stern-wheel driven steamboat that operated on the upper Willamette River from 1865 to 1872. During its short operational life, Active was owned by several different steamboat companies. It was dismantled in 1872 at Canemah, Oregon.
Fanny Patton was a stern-wheel driven steamboat that operated on the Willamette River, in Oregon, starting in August 1865. This steamer operated from 1865 to 1880 for various owners, and was a considered a profitable vessel. The steamer was named for the daughter of businessman Edwin N Cook, Frances Mary "Fannie" Cooke (1837–1886). Edwin N. Cook was one of the principals of the People's Transportation Company.
Manzanillo was a stern-wheel driven steamboat built at Portland, Oregon in 1881. Manzanillo was first run on the Columbia River route from Portland to Clatskanie, Oregon and way points along the river. The initial owner of the boat was the People's Freighting Company, but the Shaver family soon acquired control of the vessel, which became the first vessel of what is now Shaver Transportation Company.
Orient was a light-draft sternwheel-driven steamboat built in 1875 for the Willamette River Transportation Company, a concern owned by pioneer businessman Ben Holladay. Shortly after its completion, it was acquired by the Oregon Steam Navigation Company. Orient was a near-twin vessel of a steamer built at the same time, the Occident.
Relief was a stern-wheel steamboat that operated on the Columbia and Willamette rivers and their tributaries from 1906 to 1931. Relief had been originally built in 1902, on the Columbia at Blalock, Oregon, in Gilliam County, and launched and operated as Columbia, a much smaller vessel. Relief was used primarily as a freight carrier, first for about ten years in the Inland Empire region of Oregon and Washington, hauling wheat and fruit, and after that was operated on the lower Columbia river.