Chloramine-T

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Chloramine-T
Chloramine T.svg
Chloramine-T-3D-balls.png
Chloramin T trihydrat.jpg
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Sodium chloro(4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl)azanide
Other names
  • N-Chloro-para-toluenesulfonylamide
  • Sodium N-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulphonomite
  • Chloraseptin
  • Chlorazol
  • Clorina
  • Disifin
  • Halamid
  • Hydroclonazone
  • Trichlorol
  • Minachlor
  • Tosylchloramide Sodium
  • N-chlorotosylamide, sodium salt
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.004.414 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 204-854-7
KEGG
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C7H8ClNO2S/c1-6-2-4-7(5-3-6)12(10,11)9-8/h2-5,9H,1H3 X mark.svgN
    Key: NXTVQNIVUKXOIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N X mark.svgN
  • InChI=1/C7H7ClNO2S.Na/c1-6-2-4-7(5-3-6)12(10,11)9-8;/h2-5H,1H3;/q-1;+1
    Key: VDQQXEISLMTGAB-UHFFFAOYAP
  • [Na+].O=S(=O)([N-]Cl)c1ccc(cc1)C
Properties
C7H7ClNO2S·Na
C7H7ClNO2S·Na·(3H2O) (hydrate)
Molar mass 227.64 g/mol
281.69 g/mol (trihydrate)
AppearanceWhite powder
Density 1.4 g/cm3
Melting point Releases chlorine at130 °C (266 °F; 403 K)
Solid melts at 167–169 °C
>100 g/L (hydrate) [1]
Pharmacology
D08AX04 ( WHO ) QP53AB04 ( WHO )
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
Corrosive
GHS labelling:
GHS-pictogram-acid.svg GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg
Danger
H302, H314, H334
P260, P261, P264, P270, P280, P285, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P342+P311, P363, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Chloramine-T is the organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO2NClNa. Both the anhydrous salt and its trihydrate are known. Both are white powders. Chloramine-T is used as a reagent in organic synthesis. [2] It is commonly used as cyclizing agent in the synthesis of aziridine, oxadiazole, isoxazole and pyrazoles. [3] It's inexpensive, has low toxicity and acts as a oxidizing agent. In addition, it also acts as a source of nitrogen anions and electrophilic cations. It may undergo degradation on long term exposure to atmosphere such that care must be taken during its storage.

Contents

Reactions

Chloramine-T contains active (electrophilic) chlorine. Its reactivity is similar to that of sodium hypochlorite. Aqueous solutions of chloramine-T are slightly basic (pH typically 8.5). The pKa of the closely related N-chlorophenylsulfonamide C6H5SO2NClH is 9.5. [2]

It is prepared by oxidation of toluenesulfonamide with sodium hypochlorite, with the latter being produced in situ from sodium hydroxide and chlorine (Cl2): [2]

Synthesis Chloramine T.svg

Uses

Reagent in amidohydroxylation

The Sharpless oxyamination converts an alkene to a vicinal aminoalcohol. A common source of the amido component of this reaction is chloramine-T. [4] Vicinal aminoalcohols are important products in organic synthesis and recurring pharmacophores in drug discovery.

Sharpless Oxyamination Scheme.png

Oxidant

Chloramine-T is a strong oxidant. It oxidizes hydrogen sulfide to sulfur, and mustard gas (bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide) to yield a harmless crystalline sulfimide. [5]

It converts iodide to iodine monochloride (ICl). ICl rapidly undergoes electrophilic substitution predominantly with activated aromatic rings, such as those of the amino acid tyrosine. This makes it a useful reagent in combination with an iodide ion source for iodination of peptides and proteins. Chloramine-T together with iodogen (1,3,4,6-Tetrachloro-3a,6a-diphenyltetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5(1H,3H)-dione) or lactoperoxidase is commonly used for labeling peptides and proteins with radioiodine isotopes. [6]

Disinfectant

Chloramine-T has a long history as a hospital disinfectant. It is effective against e.g. hepatitis and HI viruses. [7] Unlike the more common sodium hypochlorite, chloramine-T is mildly basic, almost odorless and is not a bleaching agent. [8]

Safety

Chloramine-T is harmful if swallowed. It is corrosive on skin, eyes or mucous membranes. It releases toxic chlorine gas upon reaction with acids. It is water-soluble and thus can be released to the environment dissolved in water. It is a known sensitizer. [9] Chloramine-T has been observed to cause occupational asthma and flu-like symptoms. [7] [10]

Certifications

References

  1. ↑ "Chloramine-T hydrate". Sigma-Aldrich.
  2. 1 2 3 Campbell, Malcolm M.; Johnson, Graham. (1978). "Chloramine T and Related N-halogeno-N-metallo reagents". Chemical Reviews. 78: 65–79. doi:10.1021/cr60311a005.
  3. ↑ Nayak, Yogeesha N.; Gaonkar, Santosh L.; Saleh, Ebraheem Abdu Musad; Dawsari, Abdullah Mohammed A. L.; Harshitha; Husain, Kakul; Hassan, Ismail (2022-03-01). "Chloramine-T (N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide sodium salt), a versatile reagent in organic synthesis and analytical chemistry: An up to date review". Journal of Saudi Chemical Society. 26 (2) 101416. doi: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101416 . ISSN   1319-6103.
  4. ↑ Bodkin, J. A.; McLeod, M. D. (2002). "The Sharpless asymmetric aminohydroxylation". J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1. 2002 (24): 2733–2746. doi:10.1039/b111276g.
  5. ↑ Ura, Yasukazu; Sakata, Gozyo (2007). "Chloroamines". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry . Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a06_553. ISBN   978-3-527-30673-2.
  6. ↑ Rösch, F. Radiochemistry and Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry in Life Sciences. Vol. 4. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  7. 1 2 https://www.duodecimlehti.fi/duo50224 [ bare URL ]
  8. ↑ "Sactiv Kloramiini 1l". www.sillasiisti.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  9. ↑ https://www.carlroth.com/medias/SDB-0271-GB-EN.pdf?context=bWFzdGVyfHNlY3VyaXR5RGF0YXNoZWV0c3wzMDc2NDF8YXBwbGljYXRpb24vcGRmfGgwYi9oZjEvOTE0MzI0MzgwMDYwNi9TREJfMDI3MV9HQl9FTi5wZGZ8NzE3ODFiZjc3YjFlZTk1MWExMjUxOWU2YzJhOWEyZGY5ZDIxMzJjYTQ2NzU2MjI0MDBjMzVjZDMwMWJlODkyMQ [ bare URL ]
  10. ↑ https://www.ttl.fi/file-download/download/public/6517 [ bare URL ]
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