Mercuric amidochloride

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Mercuric amidochloride
Mercuric-amidochloride-from-xtal-2000-3D-CM-ellipsoids.png
Names
IUPAC name
Mercuric azanide chloride
Other names
  • Aminomercuric chloride
  • Ammoniated mercuric chloride
  • Ammoniated mercury
  • Mercuric amidochloride
  • Mercury(II) amide chloride
  • Mercury(II) amidochloride
  • Mercury(II) azanide chloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.292 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/ClH.Hg.H2N/h1H;;1H2/q;+2;-1/p-1 Yes check.svgY
    Key: WRWRKDRWMURIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/ClH.Hg.H2N/h1H;;1H2/q;+2;-1/p-1/rClH2HgN/c1-2-3/h3H2
    Key: WRWRKDRWMURIBI-CUFRCDTJAQ
  • Cl[Hg]N
Properties
Hg(NH2)Cl
Molar mass 252.065 g/mol
AppearanceWhite powder of small prisms [1]
Odor None [2]
Density 5.7 g/cm3 [1]
Boiling point Sublimes [3]
1.4 g/L (cold); decomposes if hot [1]
Solubility Soluble in warm hydrochloric, nitric and acetic acids, sodium thiosulfate [3] or ammonium carbonate solution; insoluble in ethanol [2]
Pharmacology
D08AK01 ( WHO )
Hazards
GHS labelling: [4]
GHS-pictogram-skull.svg GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg
Danger
H300, H310, H330, H373, H410
P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
Flash point Non-combustible
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • 86 mg/kg (rat, oral)
  • 1325 mg/kg (rat, skin)
  • 7.5 mg/kg (mouse, intraperitoneal)
  • 68 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
Related compounds
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Mercuric amidochloride is an inorganic compound with the formula Hg(N H 2)Cl .

Contents

Preparation and properties

It arises from the reaction of mercury(II) chloride and ammonia (Calomel reaction), where the resulting mercuric amidochloride is highly insoluble.

HgCl2 + 2 NH3 → HgCl(NH2) + [NH4]Cl

It forms white crystals in the shape of small prisms. It tastes earthy and metallic, but is a deadly poison and should not be ingested. [2]

At the molecular level, it organizes as a zig-zag 1-dimensional polymer (HgNH2)n with chloride counterions. [5] [6]

Eli Lilly & Company - Ointment No. 8 - Ammoniated Mercury 10% Eli Lilly & Company - Ointment No. 8 - Ammoniated Mercury.jpg
Eli Lilly & Company - Ointment No. 8 - Ammoniated Mercury 10%

It is stable in air, but darkens on exposure to light. [7] It does not melt, even at dull red heat, instead subliming [3] and decomposing to gaseous mercury, hydrogen chloride, and nitrogen oxides. [8] Consequently sealed containers with this chemical may explode when heated. [9]

This substance is a deadly poison, [2] although not a carcinogen. [10] It is toxic unto lethality by inhalation, ingestion or dermal absorption. In lesser cases, it may instead cause dermatitis and skin lesions [7] or corrode the mucous membranes.[ failed verification ] If improperly handled, may cause dangerous environmental pollution, in soil, water bodies and air. [11]

Addition of base converts it into "Millon's base" (named after Eugène Millon), which has the formula Hg2(OH)N·xH2O. A variety of related amido and nitrido materials with chloride, bromide, and hydroxide are known. [12] [ page needed ]

Uses

Before the toxicity of mercury was revealed, mercuric amidochloride, then known as "ammoniated mercury" or "white precipitate", was used as a topical skin antiseptic, especially impetigo, dermatomycosis and other certain dermatoses. [13] It was also used for scaling in psoriasis, to treat pruritus ani, and against pinworm and ringworm infection (especially in dogs), against crab louse infestation, [7] against lesions on the body and near eyes, against bumblefoot infection on poultry, and as a disinfectant. [11] [13] Chronic use of this medication can lead to systemic mercury poisoning. Since less toxic medications are available now, to treat those conditions, there is no need to use mercuric amidochloride as a medication anymore. [7] [13]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercury(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound known as corrosive sublimate

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium tetraiodomercurate(II)</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dimethylmercury</span> Organomercury chemical compound

Dimethylmercury is an extremely toxic organomercury compound with the formula (CH3)2Hg. A volatile, flammable, dense and colorless liquid, dimethylmercury is one of the strongest known neurotoxins. Less than 0.1 mL is capable of inducing severe mercury poisoning resulting in death.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lead(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercury(I) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Mercury(I) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula Hg2Cl2. Also known as the mineral calomel (a rare mineral) or mercurous chloride, this dense white or yellowish-white, odorless solid is the principal example of a mercury(I) compound. It is a component of reference electrodes in electrochemistry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lithium chloride</span> Chemical compound

Lithium chloride is a chemical compound with the formula LiCl. The salt is a typical ionic compound (with certain covalent characteristics), although the small size of the Li+ ion gives rise to properties not seen for other alkali metal chlorides, such as extraordinary solubility in polar solvents (83.05 g/100 mL of water at 20 °C) and its hygroscopic properties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercury(II) oxide</span> Chemical compound

Mercury(II) oxide, also called mercuric oxide or simply mercury oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula HgO. It has a red or orange color. Mercury(II) oxide is a solid at room temperature and pressure. The mineral form montroydite is very rarely found.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cadmium chloride</span> Chemical compound

Cadmium chloride is a white crystalline compound of cadmium and chloride, with the formula CdCl2. This salt is a hygroscopic solid that is highly soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. The crystal structure of cadmium chloride (described below), is a reference for describing other crystal structures. Also known are CdCl2•H2O and the hemipentahydrate CdCl2•2.5H2O.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercury(II) cyanide</span> Chemical compound

Mercury(II) cyanide, also known as mercuric cyanide, is a poisonous compound of mercury and cyanide. It is an odorless, toxic white powder. It is highly soluble in polar solvents such as water, alcohol, and ammonia; slightly soluble in ether; and insoluble in benzene and other hydrophobic solvents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thioacetamide</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thiophosgene</span> Chemical compound

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Mercury(II) acetate, also known as mercuric acetate is a chemical compound, the mercury(II) salt of acetic acid, with the formula Hg(O2CCH3)2. Commonly abbreviated Hg(OAc)2, this compound is employed as a reagent to generate organomercury compounds from unsaturated organic precursors. It is a white, water-soluble solid, but some samples can appear yellowish with time owing to decomposition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thallium(I) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Thallium(I) chloride, also known as thallous chloride, is a chemical compound with the formula TlCl. This colourless salt is an intermediate in the isolation of thallium from its ores. Typically, an acidic solution of thallium(I) sulfate is treated with hydrochloric acid to precipitate insoluble thallium(I) chloride. This solid crystallizes in the caesium chloride motif.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Organomercury chemistry</span> Group of chemical compounds containing mercury

Organomercury chemistry refers to the study of organometallic compounds that contain mercury. Typically the Hg–C bond is stable toward air and moisture but sensitive to light. Important organomercury compounds are the methylmercury(II) cation, CH3Hg+; ethylmercury(II) cation, C2H5Hg+; dimethylmercury, (CH3)2Hg, diethylmercury and merbromin ("Mercurochrome"). Thiomersal is used as a preservative for vaccines and intravenous drugs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bromine monochloride</span> Chemical compound

Bromine monochloride, also called bromine(I) chloride, bromochloride, and bromine chloride, is an interhalogen inorganic compound with chemical formula BrCl. It is a very reactive golden yellow gas with boiling point 5 °C and melting point −66 °C. Its CAS number is 13863-41-7, and its EINECS number is 237-601-4. It is a strong oxidizing agent. Its molecular structure in the gas phase was determined by microwave spectroscopy; the Br-Cl bond has a length of re = 2.1360376(18) Å. Its crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction; the bond length in the solid state is 2.179(2) Å and the shortest intermolecular interaction is r(Cl···Br) = 3.145(2) Å.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercury (element)</span> Chemical element, symbol Hg and atomic number 80

Mercury is a chemical element; it has symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is also known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum from the Greek words hydor (water) and argyros (silver). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is known to be liquid at standard temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is the halogen bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature.

α-Naphthylthiourea Chemical compound

α-Naphthylthiourea (ANTU) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C10H7NHC(S)NH2. This a white, crystalline powder although commercial samples may be off-white. It is used as a rodenticide and as such is fairly toxic. Naphthylthiourea is available as 10% active baits in suitable protein- or carbohydrate-rich materials and as a 20% tracking powder.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Weast, Robert C., ed. (1991) [1988]. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (1st student ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. B-42. ISBN   0-8493-0740-6. LCCN   87-26820.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Hawley, Gessner G. (1981). "Mercury, ammoniated". The Condensed Chemical Dictionary (10th ed.). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold / Litton Educational. p. 657. ISBN   0-442-23244-6. LCCN   80-29636.
  3. 1 2 3 "Mercuric Chloride, Ammoniated" . The Merck Index . Royal Society of Chemistry. As cited in "Mercuric Ammonium Chloride", Hazardous Substances Databank entry #1175.
  4. ↑ European Chemicals Agency. Entry 233-335-8 in Classification and Labeling database. Accessed 22 April 2024.
  5. ↑ Wells, A. F. (1984), Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 1166–1169, ISBN   0-19-855370-6
  6. ↑ Lipscomb, W. N. (1951). "The structure of mercuric amidochloride, HgNH2Cl". Acta Crystallographica. 4 (3): 266–8. doi:10.1107/S0365110X51000866.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Harvey, Stewart H. (1990). "Antimicrobial drugs". In Gennaro, Alfonso R. (ed.). Pharmaceutical Sciences (18th ed.). Easton, PA: Mack. p. 1172. ISBN   0-912-734-04-3. LCCN   60-53334.
  8. ↑ Lewis, R. J. (1996). Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 9th ed. Vols. 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 2121. As cited in HSDB.
  9. ↑ North American transport authorities (2016). Emergency Response Guidebook . Neenah, WI: J. J. Keller. pp. 129, 240–241.
  10. ↑ American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (2008). Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH. p. 37. As cited in HSDB.
  11. 1 2 National Library of Medicine. "Ammoniated mercury" entry in PubChem (database). Accessed 22 April 2024
  12. ↑ Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon (2001), Wiberg, Nils (ed.), Inorganic Chemistry, translated by Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, ISBN   0-12-352651-5
  13. 1 2 3 Aberer W, Gerstner G, Pehamberger H (September 1990). "Ammoniated mercury ointment: outdated but still in use". Contact Dermatitis. 23 (3): 168–71. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb04778.x. PMID   2149317. S2CID   20467204.
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