Mercuric amidochloride

Last updated
Mercuric amidochloride
Mercuric-amidochloride-from-xtal-2000-3D-CM-ellipsoids.png
Names
IUPAC name
Mercuric azanide chloride
Other names
  • Aminomercuric chloride
  • Ammoniated mercuric chloride
  • Ammoniated mercury
  • Mercuric amidochloride
  • Mercury(II) amide chloride
  • Mercury(II) amidochloride
  • Mercury(II) azanide chloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.292 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/ClH.Hg.H2N/h1H;;1H2/q;+2;-1/p-1 Yes check.svgY
    Key: WRWRKDRWMURIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/ClH.Hg.H2N/h1H;;1H2/q;+2;-1/p-1/rClH2HgN/c1-2-3/h3H2
    Key: WRWRKDRWMURIBI-CUFRCDTJAQ
  • Cl[Hg]N
Properties
Hg(NH2)Cl
Molar mass 252.065 g/mol
AppearanceWhite powder of small prisms [1]
Odor None [2]
Density 5.7 g/cm3 [1]
Boiling point Sublimes [3]
1.4 g/L (cold); decomposes if hot [1]
Solubility Soluble in warm hydrochloric, nitric and acetic acids, sodium thiosulfate [3] or ammonium carbonate solution; insoluble in ethanol [2]
Pharmacology
D08AK01 ( WHO )
Hazards
GHS labelling: [4]
GHS-pictogram-skull.svg GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg
Danger
H300, H310, H330, H373, H410
P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P319, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
Flash point Non-combustible
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • 86 mg/kg (rat, oral)
  • 1325 mg/kg (rat, skin)
  • 7.5 mg/kg (mouse, intraperitoneal)
  • 68 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
Related compounds
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Mercuric amidochloride is an inorganic compound with the formula Hg(N H 2)Cl .

Contents

Preparation and properties

It arises from the reaction of mercury(II) chloride and ammonia (Calomel reaction), where the resulting mercuric amidochloride is highly insoluble.

It forms white crystals in the shape of small prisms. It tastes earthy and metallic, but is a deadly poison and should not be ingested. [2]

At the molecular level, it organizes as a zig-zag 1-dimensional polymer (HgNH2)n with chloride counterions. [5] [6]

Eli Lilly & Company - Ointment No. 8 - Ammoniated Mercury 10% Eli Lilly & Company - Ointment No. 8 - Ammoniated Mercury.jpg
Eli Lilly & Company - Ointment No. 8 - Ammoniated Mercury 10%

It is stable in air, but darkens on exposure to light. [7] It does not melt, even at dull red heat, instead subliming [3] and decomposing to gaseous mercury, hydrogen chloride, and nitrogen oxides. [8] Consequently sealed containers with this chemical may explode when heated. [9]

The substance is a deadly poison, [2] although not a carcinogen. [10] It is toxic unto lethality by inhalation, ingestion or dermal absorption. In lesser cases, it may instead cause dermatitis and skin lesions [7] or corrode the mucous membranes.[ failed verification ] If improperly handled, it may cause dangerous environmental pollution, in soil, water bodies, and air. [11]

Addition of base converts it into "Millon's base", named after Eugène Millon, which has the formula Hg2(OH)N·xH2O. A variety of related amido and nitrido materials with chloride, bromide, and hydroxide are known. [12] [ page needed ]

Uses

Before the toxicity of mercury was revealed, mercuric amidochloride, then known as "ammoniated mercury" or "white precipitate", was used as a topical skin antiseptic, especially for impetigo, dermatomycosis and other certain dermatoses. [13] It was also used for scaling in psoriasis, to treat pruritus ani, and against pinworm and ringworm infection (especially in dogs), against crab louse infestation, [7] against lesions on the body and near eyes, against bumblefoot infection on poultry, and as a disinfectant. [11] [13] Chronic use of this medication can lead to systemic mercury poisoning. Since less toxic medications are available now, to treat those conditions, there is no need to use mercuric amidochloride as a medication anymore. [7] [13]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thiomersal</span> Organomercury antiseptic and antifungal agent

Thiomersal (INN), or thimerosal, also sold under the name merthiolate is an organomercury compound. It is a well-established antiseptic and antifungal agent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercury(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound known as corrosive sublimate

Mercury(II) chloride (or mercury bichloride, mercury dichloride), historically also known as sulema or corrosive sublimate, is the inorganic chemical compound of mercury and chlorine with the formula HgCl2, used as a laboratory reagent. It is a white crystalline solid and a molecular compound that is very toxic to humans. Once used as a treatment for syphilis, it is no longer used for medicinal purposes because of mercury toxicity and the availability of superior treatments.

<i>p</i>-Phenylenediamine Chemical compound

p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(NH2)2. This derivative of aniline is a white solid, but samples can darken due to air oxidation. It is mainly used as a component of engineering polymers and composites like kevlar. It is also an ingredient in hair dyes and is occasionally used as a substitute for henna.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium tetraiodomercurate(II)</span> Chemical compound

Potassium tetraiodomercurate(II) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula K2[HgI4]. It consists of potassium cations and tetraiodomercurate(II) anions. It is the active agent in Nessler's reagent, used for detection of ammonia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dimethylmercury</span> Organomercury chemical compound

Dimethylmercury is an extremely toxic organomercury compound with the formula (CH3)2Hg. A volatile, flammable, dense and colorless liquid, dimethylmercury is one of the strongest known neurotoxins. Less than 0.1 mL is capable of inducing severe mercury poisoning resulting in death.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium azide</span> Chemical compound

Sodium azide is an inorganic compound with the formula NaN3. This colorless salt is the gas-forming component in some car airbag systems. It is used for the preparation of other azide compounds. It is an ionic substance, is highly soluble in water, and is acutely poisonous.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium fluoride</span> Ionic compound (NaF)

Sodium fluoride (NaF) is an inorganic compound with the formula NaF. It is a colorless or white solid that is readily soluble in water. It is used in trace amounts in the fluoridation of drinking water to prevent tooth decay, and in toothpastes and topical pharmaceuticals for the same purpose. In 2021, it was the 291st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 600,000 prescriptions. It is also used in metallurgy and in medical imaging.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercury(I) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Mercury(I) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula Hg2Cl2. Also known as the mineral calomel (a rare mineral) or mercurous chloride, this dense white or yellowish-white, odorless solid is the principal example of a mercury(I) compound. It is a component of reference electrodes in electrochemistry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercury(II) oxide</span> Chemical compound

Mercury(II) oxide, also called mercuric oxide or simply mercury oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula HgO. It has a red or orange color. Mercury(II) oxide is a solid at room temperature and pressure. The mineral form montroydite is very rarely found.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercury(II) cyanide</span> Chemical compound

Mercury(II) cyanide, also known as mercuric cyanide, is a poisonous compound of mercury and cyanide. It is an odorless, toxic white powder. It is highly soluble in polar solvents such as water, alcohol, and ammonia; slightly soluble in ether; and insoluble in benzene and other hydrophobic solvents.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thioacetamide</span> Chemical compound

Thioacetamide is an organosulfur compound with the formula C2H5NS. This white crystalline solid is soluble in water and serves as a source of sulfide ions in the synthesis of organic and inorganic compounds. It is a prototypical thioamide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitroxyl</span> Chemical compound

Nitroxyl or azanone is the chemical compound HNO. It is well known in the gas phase. Nitroxyl can be formed as a short-lived intermediate in the solution phase. The conjugate base, NO−, nitroxide anion, is the reduced form of nitric oxide (NO) and is isoelectronic with dioxygen. The bond dissociation energy of H−NO is 49.5 kcal/mol (207 kJ/mol), which is unusually weak for a bond to the hydrogen atom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thiophosgene</span> Chemical compound

Thiophosgene is a red liquid with the formula CSCl2. It is a molecule with trigonal planar geometry. There are two reactive C–Cl bonds that allow it to be used in diverse organic syntheses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arsenic trichloride</span> Chemical compound

Arsenic trichloride is an inorganic compound with the formula AsCl3, also known as arsenous chloride or butter of arsenic. This poisonous oil is colourless, although impure samples may appear yellow. It is an intermediate in the manufacture of organoarsenic compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercury(II) acetate</span> Chemical compound

Mercury(II) acetate, also known as mercuric acetate is a chemical compound, the mercury(II) salt of acetic acid, with the formula Hg(O2CCH3)2. Commonly abbreviated Hg(OAc)2, this compound is employed as a reagent to generate organomercury compounds from unsaturated organic precursors. It is a white, water-soluble solid, but some samples can appear yellowish with time owing to decomposition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Organomercury chemistry</span> Group of chemical compounds containing mercury

Organomercury chemistry refers to the study of organometallic compounds that contain mercury. Typically the Hg–C bond is stable toward air and moisture but sensitive to light. Important organomercury compounds are the methylmercury(II) cation, CH3Hg+; ethylmercury(II) cation, C2H5Hg+; dimethylmercury, (CH3)2Hg, diethylmercury and merbromin ("Mercurochrome"). Thiomersal is used as a preservative for vaccines and intravenous drugs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dichloramine</span> Chemical compound

Dichloramine is a reactive inorganic compound with the chemical formula NHCl2. It is one of the three chloramines of ammonia, the others being monochloramine and nitrogen trichloride. This yellow gas is unstable and reacts with many materials. It is formed by a reaction between ammonia and chlorine or sodium hypochlorite. It is a byproduct formed during the synthesis of monochloramine and nitrogen trichloride.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mercury (element)</span> Chemical element, symbol Hg and atomic number 80

Mercury is a chemical element; it has symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is also known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum from the Greek words hydor (water) and argyros (silver). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is known to be liquid at standard temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is the halogen bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature.

α-Naphthylthiourea Chemical compound

α-Naphthylthiourea (ANTU) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C10H7NHC(S)NH2. This a white, crystalline powder although commercial samples may be off-white. It is used as a rodenticide and as such is fairly toxic. Naphthylthiourea is available as 10% active baits in suitable protein- or carbohydrate-rich materials and as a 20% tracking powder.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Post-transition metal</span> Category of metallic elements

The metallic elements in the periodic table located between the transition metals to their left and the chemically weak nonmetallic metalloids to their right have received many names in the literature, such as post-transition metals, poor metals, other metals, p-block metals and chemically weak metals. The most common name, post-transition metals, is generally used in this article.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Weast, Robert C., ed. (1991) [1988]. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (1st student ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. B-42. ISBN   0-8493-0740-6. LCCN   87-26820.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Hawley, Gessner G. (1981). "Mercury, ammoniated". The Condensed Chemical Dictionary (10th ed.). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold / Litton Educational. p. 657. ISBN   0-442-23244-6. LCCN   80-29636.
  3. 1 2 3 "Mercuric Chloride, Ammoniated" . The Merck Index . Royal Society of Chemistry. As cited in "Mercuric Ammonium Chloride", Hazardous Substances Databank entry #1175.
  4. ↑ European Chemicals Agency. Entry 233-335-8 in Classification and Labeling database. Accessed 22 April 2024.
  5. ↑ Wells, A. F. (1984), Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 1166–1169, ISBN   0-19-855370-6
  6. ↑ Lipscomb, W. N. (1951). "The structure of mercuric amidochloride, HgNH2Cl". Acta Crystallographica. 4 (3): 266–8. Bibcode:1951AcCry...4..266L. doi:10.1107/S0365110X51000866.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Harvey, Stewart H. (1990). "Antimicrobial drugs" . In Gennaro, Alfonso R. (ed.). Pharmaceutical Sciences (18th ed.). Easton, Pennsylvania: Mack. p. 1172. ISBN   0-912-734-04-3. LCCN   60-53334.
  8. ↑ Lewis, R. J. (1996). Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 9th ed. Vols. 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 2121. As cited in HSDB.
  9. ↑ North American transport authorities (2016). Emergency Response Guidebook . Neenah, WI: J. J. Keller. pp. 129, 240–241.
  10. ↑ American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (2008). Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH. p. 37. As cited in HSDB.
  11. 1 2 National Library of Medicine. "Ammoniated mercury" entry in PubChem (database). Accessed 22 April 2024
  12. ↑ Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon (2001), Wiberg, Nils (ed.), Inorganic Chemistry, translated by Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, ISBN   0-12-352651-5
  13. 1 2 3 Aberer W, Gerstner G, Pehamberger H (September 1990). "Ammoniated mercury ointment: outdated but still in use". Contact Dermatitis. 23 (3): 168–71. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb04778.x. PMID   2149317. S2CID   20467204.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.