Mercurialis is a genus of plants in the family Euphorbiaceae, the spurges, known commonly as the mercuries. These are slender herbs (forbs), rhizomatious perennials and woody perennials, native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia.
- Mercurialis annuaL. – most of Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and islands of the eastern Atlantic
- Mercurialis canariensisObbard & S.A.Harris – Canary Islands
- Mercurialis corsicaCoss. & Kralik – Corsica, Sardinia
- Mercurialis ellipticaLam. – Spain, Portugal, Morocco
- Mercurialis huetiiHanry – Spain, France, Morocco
- Mercurialis leiocarpaSiebold & Zucc. – China, Japan, Korea, Ryukyu Islands, Thailand, Assam, Bhutan, Nepal
- Mercurialis × longifoliaLam. – Spain, Portugal, France (M. annua × M. tomentosa)
- Mercurialis ovataSternb. & Hoppe – C + E Europe and SW Asia from Germany + Italy to Russia + Syria
- Mercurialis × paxiiGraebn. – C + E Europe from Germany to Crimea (M. ovata × M. perennis)
- Mercurialis perennisL. – most of Europe plus Algeria, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran
- Mercurialis reverchoniiRouy – Spain, Morocco
- Mercurialis tomentosaL. – Spain, Portugal, France, Balearic Islands
Orchis anthropophora, the man orchid, is a European species of orchid whose flowers resemble a human figure. The head is formed by the petals and sepals, and the suspended torso and limbs by the lobes of the labellum. It usually grows in calcareous grassland.
Santolina is a genus of plants in the chamomile tribe within the sunflower family, primarily from the western Mediterranean region.
Catananche is a genus of flowering plants in the dandelion family. It is native to dry meadows in the Mediterranean region.
Eudianthe coeli-rosa, called the rose of heaven, is a flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to the Canary Islands, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Portugal, Spain, France, and Italy. An annual, it is grown in gardens as an ornamental.
Ampelodesmos is a genus of Mediterranean plants in the grass family, which is known by the common names stramma, Mauritania grass, rope grass, and dis(s) grass. It is classified in its own tribe Ampelodesmeae within the grass subfamily Pooideae.
Rostraria is a genus of plants in the grass family, native primarily to Eurasia and North Africa with one species native to South America. Hairgrass is a common name.
Simethis is a genus of plants in the family Asphodelaceae, subfamily Hemerocallidoideae. It contains only one known species, Simethis mattiazzii, commonly called the Kerry lily.
Periballia is a genus of Mediterranean plants in the grass family.
Corynephorus is a genus of European, North African, and Middle Eastern plants in the grass family.
Vulpiella is a genus of plants in the grass family. The only known species is Vulpiella stipoides, native to the western Mediterranean region.
Micropyrum is a genus of European and North African plants in the grass family.
Galactites is a genus of flowering plants in the thistle family. The name is derived from the Greek γάλα. The best known species is Galactites tomentosa.
Dasypyrum is a genus of Eurasian and North African plants in the grass family, native to the basins of the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas.
Spilostethus pandurus is a species of "seed bugs" belonging to the family Lygaeidae, subfamily Lygaeinae.
Chamaesphecia aerifrons is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Spain, Portugal, France, southern Belgium, south-western Germany, Italy, Sicily, Dalmatia, the Republic of Macedonia, Albania, northern Greece and on Crete, Sardinia and Corsica.
Cytinus hypocistis is an ant-pollinated species of parasitic plant in the family Cytinaceae having four subspecies. It is found primarily in locations that surround the Mediterranean Sea, and is the type for the genus Cytinus. The binomial has been conserved.
Solenopsis is a genus of plants in the Campanulaceae. It is native to the Mediterranean region from Portugal and the Canary Islands east to Turkey.
Phillyrea angustifolia, also known by the common name narrow-leaved mock privet is a species in the genus Phillyrea in the family Oleaceae. It is native to the western and central Mediterranean, including Albania, Algeria, Balearic Islands, Corsica, France, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Sardinia, Sicily, Spain, Tunisia, and Yugoslavia.
