The following tables compare general and technical features of notable email client programs.
Basic general information about the clients: creator/company, O/S, licence, & interface.
Client | Author/Developer | Operating system | Software license | User Interface |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alpine | University of Washington | Cross-platform | Apache-2.0 | TUI |
Apple Mail | Apple | macOS, iOS, watchOS | Proprietary | GUI (Cocoa) |
Balsa | Stuart Parmenter | Linux | GPL-2.0-or-later | GUI (GTK3) |
Becky! Internet Mail | Rimarts | Windows | Proprietary | GUI |
BlitzMail | Dartmouth College | BSD licenses | GUI | |
Canary Mail | Cartasec Pte. Ltd. | Cross-platform | Proprietary | GUI |
Citadel | citadel.org | Unix-like | GPL-3.0-only | Webmail |
Claws Mail | the Claws Mail team | Cross-platform | GPL-3.0-or-later | GUI (GTK2) |
Courier (formerly Calypso) | Micro Computer Systems, Inc., continued by Rose City Software | Windows | Proprietary | GUI |
Elm | Dave Taylor, Sydney Weinstein, Bill Pemberton, Michael Elkins, Kari Hurtta | Unix-like | BSD-like [1] | TUI |
eM Client | eM Client Inc. | Windows, macOS, Android, iOS | Proprietary | GUI |
EmailTray | Internet Promotion Agency S.A. | Windows, Android | Proprietary | GUI |
Eudora OSE | Qualcomm | Windows, macOS | Open source | GUI |
Evolution | The GNOME Project | Unix-like | LGPL-2.1-only or LGPL-3.0-only | GUI (GTK) |
FirstClass | Open Text | Proprietary | GUI | |
Forté Agent | Mark Sidell | Windows | Proprietary | GUI |
Geary | The GNOME Project (formerly Yorba Foundation) | Unix-like | LGPL-2.1-or-later | GUI (GTK) |
GNUMail | Ludovic Marcotte and others | Unix-like, macOS | GPL-2.0-or-later | GUI |
Gnus | Gnus team | Cross-platform | GPL-3.0-or-later | TUI and GUI |
GroupWise | Micro Focus (formerly Novell) | Cross-platform | Proprietary | GUI |
Hiri | Hiri | Cross-platform | Proprietary | GUI |
i.Scribe, InScribe | Memecode | Windows, macOS, Linux | GPL-3.0-only | GUI |
HCL Notes (formerly IBM Notes and IBM Lotus Notes) | HCL Technologies (formerly IBM and Lotus Software), HCL Technologies | Windows, macOS, Linux | Proprietary | GUI (Notes), Web (Verse, iNotes) and Mobile (Traveler) |
IMP | Horde LLC | Cross-platform | GPL-2.0-only | Webmail |
K-9 Mail | K-9 Dog Walkers: cketti, et al. | Android | Apache-2.0 | GUI |
KMail | KDE | Cross-platform | GNU General Public License | GUI (Qt) |
Mail (Windows) | Microsoft | Windows | Proprietary | GUI |
Mailbird | Mailbird | Windows | Proprietary | GUI |
Mailpile | Mailpile | Windows, macOS, Linux | AGPL-3.0-or-later | Webmail |
mailx | ? | Unix-like | BSD Licenses | TUI |
Microsoft Entourage | Microsoft | macOS | Proprietary | GUI |
Microsoft Outlook | Microsoft | Windows, macOS | Proprietary | GUI |
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | Mozilla Foundation | Mozilla Public License | GUI (XUL) | |
Mozilla Thunderbird | Mozilla Foundation | Cross-platform | MPL-2.0 | GUI (XUL) |
Mulberry | Cyrus Daboo (formerly Cyrusoft International, Inc./ISAMET) | Cross-platform | Apache-2.0 | GUI |
Mutt | Michael Elkins | Cross-platform | GPL-2.0-or-later | TUI (ncurses) |
Netscape Messenger | Netscape Communications | ? | GUI | |
Netscape Messenger 9 | Netscape Communications | Mozilla Public License | GUI | |
Nylas Mail | Nylas | Windows, macOS, Linux | MIT | GUI |
nmh / MH | RAND Corporation | Unix-like | BSD Licenses | CLI |
Opera Mail | Opera Software | Cross-platform | Proprietary | GUI |
Outlook Express | Microsoft | Windows | Proprietary | GUI |
Pegasus Mail | David Harris | Windows | Proprietary | GUI |
Pine | University of Washington | Cross-platform | Freeware [2] | TUI |
Pocomail | Poco Systems | Windows | Proprietary | GUI |
RoundCube | The RoundCube Team | Cross-platform | GPL-3.0-or-later | Webmail |
Samsung Email | Samsung Electronics | Samsung, Android 8+ | Proprietary | GUI |
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups | SeaMonkey Council | Cross-platform | MPL-2.0 | GUI (XUL) |
Spark | Readdle | macOS | Proprietary | GUI |
SquirrelMail | The SquirrelMail Project Team | Cross-platform | GPL-2.0-or-later | Webmail |
Superhuman | Rahul Vohra | Cross-platform | Proprietary | Webmail |
Sylpheed | Hiroyuki Yamamoto | Cross-platform | Sylpheed: GPL-2.0-or-later LibSylph: LGPL-2.1-or-later | GUI (GTK2) |
The Bat! | RitLabs | Windows | Proprietary | GUI |
Trojitá | KDE | Cross-platform | GPL-2.0-only or GPL-3.0-only [Note 1] | GUI (Qt) |
Turnpike | Thus PLC (Demon Internet) | Windows | Proprietary | GUI |
Vivaldi | Vivaldi Technologies AS | Cross-platform | Proprietary | GUI (Chrome) |
Windows Live Mail | Microsoft | Windows | Proprietary | GUI |
Windows Mail (Vista) | Microsoft | Windows | Proprietary | GUI |
YAM | YAM Open Source Team and contributing authors | AmigaOS | GPL-2.0-or-later | GUI |
Zimbra Desktop | Zimbra | Cross-platform | Mozilla Public License for server and ZPL for client | GUI |
Client | Author/Developer | Operating system | Software license | User interface |
A brief digest of the release histories.
Client | First public Date | First public Version | First stable Date | First stable Version | Latest stable release | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alpine | 2006-11 | 0.8 | 2007 December | 1.00 | 2.26 [3] ![]() | ||||||||
Apple Mail | 2001-03-24 | ? | ? | ? | ( | )||||||||
Becky! Internet Mail | 1996 | 1 | ? | ? | 2.81.06 [4] ![]() | ||||||||
Canary Mail | 15 June 2017 | 1.0 | 15 June 2017 | 1.0 | 4.01 (5th June, 2023) | ||||||||
Citadel | 1987 | ? | 1988 | 1.00 | 997 [5] ![]() | ||||||||
Claws Mail | 2001-05 | 0.4.67 | 2005-01 | 1.0.0 | 4.3.0 [6] ![]() | ||||||||
Courier | 2004-06 | 3.5 | discontinued | discontinued | 3.5 (June 2004) [±] | ||||||||
Elm | 1986 | ? | 1987-03 | 2 | 2.5.8 [7] ![]() | ||||||||
eM Client | 2007-11 | 1.0 | 2007-11 | 1.0 | 10.0.2382.0 (May 10, 2024) [±] | ||||||||
EmailTray | 2010-10 | 2.0 | 2011-03 | 3.11 | 4.0 (July 2, 2012) [±] | ||||||||
Eudora | 1988 [8] | ? | 1988 [8] | ? | 7.1 (Windows), 6.2.4 (Mac OS) (October 11, 2006) [±] | ||||||||
Evolution | 2000-05-11 | 0.0 | 2001-12-03 | 1.0 | 3.52.4 [9] ![]() | ||||||||
Forté Agent | ? | ? | ? | ? | 8 (October 20, 2014) [±] | ||||||||
Geary | 2012 | 0.1 | 2012 | 0.1 | 46.0 [10] ![]() | ||||||||
Gnus | 1987 [11] | ? | 1988-02-01 [11] | 2.0 | 2015-04-06 | ||||||||
GroupWise | ? | ? | 1986 | 1.0 | 18.4 [12] ![]() | ||||||||
Hiri | 2014-02 | 0.4 | 2016-06 | 1.0 | 1.0.11 (June 10, 2017) [±] | ||||||||
i.Scribe / InScribe | 1999 | 1.00 | ? | ? | 2.3.18 (March 30, 2021) [±] | ||||||||
HCL Notes (formerly IBM Lotus Notes) | 1989 | 1.0 | 1989 | 1.0 | 14.0.0 [13] ![]() | ||||||||
IMP | ? | ? | 1998 | 1.0 | 6.2.27 [14] ![]() | ||||||||
K-9 Mail | ? | ? | ? | ? | 6.804 [15] ![]() | ||||||||
KMail | 1998-10 | Alpha | 1999-02 | 1.0.17 | 5.24.3 [16] ![]() | ||||||||
Mailbird | 2013-04-01 | Public Beta | ? | ? | 2.9.29 (April 22, 2021) [±] | ||||||||
Mailpile | 2011-11 | [17] | [18] | [19] | 1.0.0rc6 (September 4, 2019 [20] ) [±] | ||||||||
Microsoft Entourage | ? | ? | ? | ? | 2008 (12.3.6) (March 12, 2013) [±] | ||||||||
Microsoft Office Outlook | 1997 | 97 | 1997 | 97 |
| ||||||||
Mozilla Thunderbird | 2003-07-28 | 0.1 | 2004-12-07 | 1.0 | |||||||||
Mulberry | 1996-09-20 | 1.0 | 1996-09-20 | 1.0 | 4.0.8 (February 21, 2007) [±] | ||||||||
Mutt | 1995 | ? | ? | ? | 2.2.13 [24] ![]() | ||||||||
Netscape Messenger | ? | ? | ? | ? | 7.2 (August 17, 2007) [±] | ||||||||
Netscape Messenger 9 | 2007-11-15 | 9.0a1 | discontinued | discontinued | 2007-11-15 | ||||||||
nmh / MH | 1979 | ? | ? | ? | 1.5 (June 11, 2012) [±] | ||||||||
Opera Mail | 1996-09 | 2.1b1 | 1996-12 | 2.1 | 1.0.1044 [25] (February 16, 2016) [±] | ||||||||
Outlook Express | 1996 | 3.0 | ? | ? | 6.0 SP3 ![]() | ||||||||
Pegasus Mail | 1990 | ? | 1990 | ? | 4.80 [26] ![]() | ||||||||
Pine | 1992-01-15 | 2.00 | 1992-01-15 | 2.00 | 4.64 [27] ![]() | ||||||||
Pocomail | 1999 | ? | ? | ? | 4.8 build 4400 (April 6, 2009) [±] | ||||||||
RoundCube | 2006 | 0.1-rc1 | 2014-04-07 | 1.0.0 | 1.6.7 [28] ![]() | ||||||||
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups | 2005-09-15 | 1.0a | 2006-01-30 | 1.0 | 2.53.18.2 [29] ![]() | ||||||||
SquirrelMail | 1999-12 | 0.1 | 2001-01 | 1.0 | 1.4.22 [30] [31] ![]() | ||||||||
Sylpheed | 2000-01 | 0.1.0 | 2004-12 | 1.0.0 | 3.7 [32] ![]() | ||||||||
The Bat! | 1997-03 | 1.0 Beta | 1998-03 | 1.00 Build 1310 | 11.0.3.1 [33] ![]() | ||||||||
Trojitá | 2009-08 | 0.1 | 2012-12 | 0.3.90 | |||||||||
Turnpike | 1996 (circa) | 1.0 | 1996 (circa) | 1.0 | 6.06 (May 23, 2006) [±] | ||||||||
Vivaldi | 2015-11-03 | Beta 1 | 2022-06-09 | 1.0 | |||||||||
Windows Live Mail | 2007-11-06 | 12 | 2007-11-06 | 12 | 2012 (v16.4.3528.0331) (November 4, 2014) [±] | ||||||||
Windows Mail | ? | ? | ? | ? | 2007-01-01 | ||||||||
YAM | 1995 | 1.0 | 1995 | 1.0 | 2.9 [34] ![]() | ||||||||
Zimbra | 2005-11 | Beta | 2006-03 | 3.5 | 8.6.0 [35] (December 15, 2014) [±] | ||||||||
The operating systems on which the clients can run natively (without emulation).
Client | Microsoft Windows | macOS | Linux | BSD | Unix | DOS | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alpine | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Apple Mail | No | Included | No | No | No | No | No |
Balsa | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Becky! Internet Mail | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Canary Mail | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Citadel | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Claws Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Courier | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Elm | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
eM Client | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
EmailTray | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Eudora | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Evolution | No [Note 1] | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Forté Agent | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Geary | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Gnus | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
GroupWise | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Hiri | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
i.Scribe / InScribe | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
IBM Lotus Notes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
IMP | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
KMail | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Mailbird | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Mailpile | Yes [Note 2] | Yes [Note 2] | Yes | Yes [Note 3] | Yes [Note 3] | No [Note 4] | No [Note 4] |
mailx | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Microsoft Entourage | No | Terminated (2008) | No | No | No | No | No |
Microsoft Office Outlook | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | Terminated (1.7.13) | No | No | ||||
Mozilla Thunderbird | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Mulberry | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Mutt | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [36] | No |
Netscape Messenger | Terminated (4.80) | No | No | ||||
Netscape Messenger 9 | Terminated (9.0a1) | No | No | ||||
nmh / MH | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Opera Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | No | No |
Outlook Express | Included (up to XP) | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Pegasus Mail | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | NetWare NLM |
Pine | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Terminated (3.96) [37] | No |
Pocomail | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
RoundCube | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
SquirrelMail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Sylpheed | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
The Bat! | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Trojitá | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | MeeGo |
Turnpike | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Vivaldi | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Windows Live Mail | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Windows Mail | Included (Vista) | No | No | No | No | No | No |
YAM | No | No | No | No | No | No | AmigaOS AROS MorphOS |
Zimbra | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Client | Microsoft Windows | macOS | Linux | BSD | Unix | DOS | Other |
What email and related protocols and standards are supported by each client.
Client | POP3 fetch all messages (RFC 1939) | POP3 selected by filter (RFC 1939) | POP3 selected by user (RFC 1939) | IMAP4 (RFC 3501) | SMTP (RFC 5321) | NNTP (RFC 3977) | LDAP v2 (RFC 4511) | LDAP v3 (RFC 4511) | EWS | IPv6 (RFC 2460) | MAPI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alpine | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? |
Apple Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? |
Becky! Internet Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [Note 1] | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Canary Mail | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No |
Citadel | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Claws Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? |
Courier | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Elm | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
eM Client | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No |
EmailTray | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Evolution | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | plug-in | ? | plug-in |
Gnus | Yes | Yes | Yes [38] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Plug-in [39] |
GroupWise | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
Hiri | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
i.Scribe / InScribe | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes [Note 2] | Yes [Note 2] | No | No | Yes |
HCL Notes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No |
KMail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No [Note 3] | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Mailbird | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? |
Mailpile | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Microsoft Entourage | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Partial | ? | ? |
Microsoft Entourage 2008, Web Services Edition | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? |
Microsoft Office Outlook | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Mozilla Thunderbird | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial | Partial [40] | extensible [41] | Yes | Yes |
Mulberry | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes |
Mutt | Yes | No (possible with POP3 browser) | No (possible with POP3 browser) | Yes | Yes | No (slrn looks alike) | Partial (resolve real names through NSS) | ? | ? | Yes | ? |
Netscape Messenger | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Netscape Messenger 9 | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
nmh / MH | Yes | ? | ? | No | Yes | ? | ? | ? | No | ? | No |
Opera Mail | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | Yes | Yes |
Outlook Express | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | No | ? | No |
Pegasus Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [Note 4] | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Pine | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? | ? | ? |
Pocomail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? |
RoundCube | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial | ? | ? | Yes | ? |
SquirrelMail | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Sylpheed | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
The Bat! | Yes | Yes [Note 5] | Yes [Note 6] | Yes | Yes | Yes [Note 7] | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
Trojitá | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
Turnpike | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Vivaldi | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | No | ? | ? | ? | Yes | |
Windows Live Mail | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | No | Yes | No |
Windows Mail | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | No | Yes | No |
YAM | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? |
Zimbra | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Client | POP3 fetch all messages (RFC 1939) | POP3 selected by filter (RFC 1939) | POP3 selected by user (RFC 1939) | IMAP4 (RFC 3501) | SMTP (RFC 5321) | NNTP (RFC 3977) | LDAP v2 (RFC 4511) | LDAP v3 (RFC 4511) | EWS | IPv6 (RFC 2460) | MAPI |
Client | IMSP () | ACAP (RFC 2244) | RSS 0.91 Feeds | RSS 1.0 Feeds | RSS 2.0 Feeds | ATOM Feeds | iCalendar (RFC 5545) | MAPI/RPC | CalDAV (RFC 4791) | CardDAV (RFC 6352) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alpine | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Apple Mail | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes |
Becky! Internet Mail | ? | ? | Yes [Note 8] | Yes [Note 8] | Yes [Note 8] | Yes [Note 8] | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Canary Mail | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Citadel | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Claws Mail | ? | ? | No | Yes [Note 9] | Yes [Note 9] | Yes [Note 9] | Yes [Note 10] | ? | ? | ? |
Courier | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? |
Elm | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
eM Client | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
EmailTray | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? |
Eudora | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? |
Evolution | No | No | No [Note 11] | No [Note 11] | No [Note 11] | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Gnus | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [42] | Yes [43] | Yes | Yes | Yes |
GroupWise | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Hiri | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
i.Scribe / InScribe | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | ? | ? |
IBM Lotus Notes | No | No | Yes [Note 12] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
KMail | ? | ? | Yes [Note 13] | Yes [Note 13] | Yes [Note 13] | Yes [Note 13] | Yes [Note 14] | ? | Yes | Yes |
Mailpile | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Microsoft Entourage | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Microsoft Office Outlook | ? | ? | Yes [Note 15] | Yes [Note 15] | Yes [Note 15] | Yes [Note 15] | Yes [Note 16] | Yes | No | No |
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Mozilla Thunderbird | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [Note 17] | Yes [Note 18] | Yes | Yes |
Mulberry | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | ? | Yes | ? |
Mutt | ? | ? | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? |
Netscape Messenger | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Netscape Messenger 9 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
nmh / MH | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Opera Mail | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? | No | No |
Outlook Express | ? | ? | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No | No |
Pegasus Mail | ? | ? | Yes [Note 4] | Yes [Note 4] | Yes [Note 4] | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Pine | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? |
Pocomail | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? |
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [Note 17] | ? | ? | ? |
SquirrelMail | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? |
Sylpheed | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? |
The Bat! | No | No | Yes [Note 19] | Yes [Note 19] | Yes [Note 19] | Yes [Note 19] | No | Yes | ? | Yes |
Trojitá | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? |
Turnpike | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Windows Live Mail | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? | ? | ? |
Windows Mail | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
YAM | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? |
Zimbra | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Client | IMSP () | ACAP (RFC 2244) | RSS 0.91 Feeds | RSS 1.0 Feeds | RSS 2.0 Feeds | ATOM Feeds | iCalendar (RFC 5545) | MAPI/RPC | CalDAV (RFC 4791) | CardDAV (RFC 6352) |
Client | Regular | MSN (NTLM) browser login | Compuserve (RPA) | MD5 APOP [Note 1] | CRAM-HMAC [Note 2] | DIGEST-MD5 | SCRAM | with hardware token | Biometric | SMTP Auth [Note 3] | X.509 Client certificate | OAuth | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LOGIN | PLAIN | MD5 | SHA1 | RIPEMD | |||||||||||
Alpine | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | ? | No | No | Yes | No | ? |
Apple Mail | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [Note 4] |
Becky! Internet Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? |
Canary Mail | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Citadel | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Claws Mail | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | No | ? | Yes | No | Yes |
Courier | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? |
Elm | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
eM Client | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | ? | No | No | Yes | No | Yes |
EmailTray | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? | ? | No | No | Yes | No | ? |
Eudora | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | ? | No | No | No | ? | ? |
Evolution | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | ? | No | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Gnus | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? |
GroupWise | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Hiri | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No | No | No | No | Yes |
i.Scribe / InScribe | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | No | No | Yes | No | Yes |
IBM Lotus Notes | Yes | ? | Yes | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | No | Yes | ? | ? |
KMail | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | ? | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? |
Mailpile | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Microsoft Entourage | Yes | No | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? |
Microsoft Office Outlook | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No | No | Yes | No | ? |
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Mozilla Thunderbird | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No [44] | ? | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Mulberry | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | ? | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? |
Mutt | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | ? | No | No | 1.5.15 | Yes | 1.10.1 |
Netscape Messenger | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Netscape Messenger 9 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
nmh / MH | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Opera Mail | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | ? | ? | ? | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? |
Outlook Express | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No | No | Yes | No | ? |
Pegasus Mail | Yes | ? | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? |
Pine | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | ? | No | No | Yes | No | ? |
Pocomail | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
RoundCube | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? |
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No [44] | ? | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ? |
SquirrelMail | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? |
Sylpheed | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | ? | No | No | Yes | No | No |
The Bat! | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | ? | Yes [Note 5] | Yes [Note 5] | Yes | No | Yes |
Trojitá | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No | No | Yes | No | ? |
Turnpike | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Windows Live Mail | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | No | No | No | No | No |
Windows Mail | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes [Note 6] |
YAM | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | AmiSSL | ? |
Zimbra | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes [Note 7] | ? | ? |
Client | Regular | MSN (NTLM) browser login | Compuserve (RPA) | MD5 APOP [Note 1] | CRAM-HMAC [Note 2] | DIGEST-MD5 | SCRAM | with hardware token | Biometric | SMTP Auth [Note 3] | SSL/TLS Client Certificate | OAUTH | |||
LOGIN | PLAIN | MD5 | SHA1 | RIPEMD |
Client | Secure POP3 | Secure IMAP4 | Secure SMTP | Secure NNTP | Secure LDAP | SNI | OCSP [Note 1] | CRL [Note 2] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SSL | TLS [Note 3] | SSL | TLS [Note 3] | SSL | TLS [Note 4] | SSL | TLS | SSL | TLS | ||||
Alpine | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Apple Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Becky! Internet Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Canary Mail | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Citadel | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Claws Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes |
Courier | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Elm | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
eM Client | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | No | Yes |
EmailTray | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | No | No |
Eudora | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Evolution | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | No | No |
Gnus | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
GroupWise | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Hiri | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
i.Scribe / InScribe | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | No | No |
IBM Lotus Notes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes |
KMail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Mailpile | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Microsoft Entourage | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Microsoft Office Outlook | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Mozilla Thunderbird | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Mulberry | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Mutt | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 1.5.15 | 1.5.15 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Netscape Messenger | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Netscape Messenger 9 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
nmh / MH | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Opera Mail | Yes | Partial [Note 5] | Yes | Partial [Note 5] | Yes | Partial [Note 5] | Yes | No | — | — | ? | Yes | Yes |
Outlook Express | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Pegasus Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Pine | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? |
Pocomail | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
RoundCube | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
SquirrelMail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Sylpheed | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
The Bat! | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes [Note 6] | Yes [Note 6] |
Trojitá | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes (system) | Yes (system) |
Turnpike | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Windows Live Mail | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Windows Mail | Yes | No | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
YAM | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Zimbra | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Client | Secure POP3 | Secure IMAP4 | Secure SMTP | Secure NNTP | Secure LDAP | SNI | OCSP [Note 1] | CRL [Note 2] | |||||
SSL | TLS [Note 3] | SSL | TLS [Note 3] | SSL | TLS [Note 4] | SSL | TLS | SSL | TLS |
Information on what features each of the clients support.
For all of these clients, the concept of "HTML support" does not mean that they can process the full range of HTML that a web browser can handle. Almost all email readers limit HTML features, either for security reasons, or because of the nature of the interface. CSS and JavaScript can be especially problematic.
Client | HTML email | UTF-8 support | Image blocking | Junk filtering | Phishing filtering | Thread view | Conversation view | PGP support | S/MIME support | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
local | server- side | inline | PGP/MIME or OpenPGP | protocol | OCSP | CRL | certificates on tokens, smartcards support | |||||||
Alpine | Read only | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Apple Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
Becky! Internet Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Canary Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Citadel | Yes | Yes | No | Yes [Note 1] | ? | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |
Claws Mail | Read-only | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes |
Courier | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Elm | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
eM Client | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
EmailTray | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Eudora | Yes | No | Yes | Pro only | Pro only | ? | Yes | No | Yes [Note 2] | Yes [Note 2] | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Evolution | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Gnus | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes |
GroupWise | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Hiri | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
i.Scribe / InScribe | Read-only | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
HCL Notes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [Note 3] | ? | Yes | Yes (4.1.2+) | Yes | Yes [45] | Yes | Yes |
KMail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes (with GPG) | Yes (1.5+, with GPGME) | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
Mailbird | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | No |
Mailpile | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Microsoft Entourage | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes |
Microsoft Office Outlook | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (2010+) [46] | No | No | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes |
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Mozilla Thunderbird | Yes | Yes [Note 4] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [Note 5] | Yes | Yes | Yes [Note 6] | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes |
Mulberry | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes [Note 7] | Yes [Note 7] | Yes [Note 7] | ? | ? | ? |
Mutt | Read-only | Yes | Yes (no support for images) | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes (with GPGME) | ? |
Netscape Messenger | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Netscape Messenger 9 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
nmh / MH | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Opera Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Outlook Express | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes [Note 8] | No [Note 9] | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Pegasus Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes (sending is broken) | ? | No | No | No |
Pine | Read-only | Yes | Yes | No | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes (with Pine Privacy Guard) | No | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Pocomail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
RoundCube | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (depends on antivirus) | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes [Note 6] | Yes [Note 6] | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes |
SquirrelMail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (depends on antivirus) | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Sylpheed | No [Note 10] | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | No | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? |
The Bat! | Yes | Yes | Yes [Note 11] | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial [Note 12] | Partial [Note 12] | Yes [Note 12] |
Trojitá | Read only | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Read only | Read only | Read only | Read only | Read only |
Turnpike | Read-only | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Windows Live Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
Windows Mail | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
YAM | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | No | No | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Zimbra | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (depends on antivirus) | Yes | ? | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | |
Client | HTML email | UTF-8 support | Image blocking | Junk filtering | Phishing filtering | Thread view | Conversation view | PGP support | S/MIME support | |||||
local | server- side | inline | PGP/MIME or OpenPGP | protocol | OCSP | CRL | certificates on tokens, smartcards support |
Client | Label messages | Reformat received messages | Bi-directional text support | Composing messages | Native images preview | Postpone / scheduled message sending | Native documents preview | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
with colors | with flag | antidelete | add note | edit headers (e.g., Subject) | forced recode [Note 1] | Spell checking | Signatures | Bottom-posts replies | jpeg | gif | bmp | png | others | txt | doc | xls | odt | ods | others | ||||
Alpine | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Becky! Internet Mail | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Canary Mail | ? | ? | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Citadel | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Claws Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | with a plugin | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Courier | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | No | ? |
Elm | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
eM Client | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
EmailTray | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? |
Eudora | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | QuickTime | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Evolution | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | No | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Gnus | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | XPM | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
GroupWise | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
Hiri | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
i.Scribe / InScribe | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes [Note 2] | Yes | Yes | Yes [Note 3] | Yes | Yes | Yes [Note 4] | ICO, TIFF | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
HCL Notes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | CGM, Lotus PIC, PCX, TIFF | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? |
KMail | Yes [47] | Yes | No | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Mailbird | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? |
Mailpile | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Microsoft Entourage | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes [Note 5] | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Microsoft Office Outlook | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | with a plugin | Yes | Yes | 2010 | 2010 | PowerPoint |
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Mozilla Thunderbird | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | with a plugin [48] | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes [Note 6] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ICO | Yes [Note 7] | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
Mulberry | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Mutt | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | No | postpone | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Netscape Messenger | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Netscape Messenger 9 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
nmh / MH | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Opera Mail | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | APNG, ICO, SVG, WBMP, XBM, WebP | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Outlook Express | No | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ICO, art | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Pegasus Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | in index | No | No | Yes | Yes | No [Note 8] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | TIFF | — | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | RTF, HTML |
Pine | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | No | with a patch [Note 9] | ? | Yes [Note 10] | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Pocomail | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
RoundCube | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
SquirrelMail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? |
Sylpheed | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | ? |
The Bat! | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ICO, emf | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Trojitá | No | Yes | ? | ? | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes |
Turnpike | Yes | ? | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Windows Live Mail | No | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Windows Mail | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
YAM | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Zimbra | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Client | Label messages | Reformat received messages | Bi-directional text support | Composing messages | Native images preview | Postpone/?scheduled message sending | Native documents preview | ||||||||||||||||
with colors | with flag | antidelete | add note | edit headers (e.g., Subject) | forced recode [Note 1] | Spell checking | Signatures | Bottom-posts replies | jpeg | gif | bmp | png | others | txt | doc | xls | odt | ods | others |
pine-4.58L-alt2-0.4.1.diff
). Its essential feature is to enable to forcibly recode messages, save them in the recoded form, and quote in replies.Client | Message file format | Encrypted database | Virtual folders | Scheduled backup | New mail notification | Customizable interface | Customizable keybindings | Fragmented messages [Note 1] | Database search with regular expressions support | Indexed search | Search folders [Note 2] | IMAP | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ticker | tray icon | tooltip | sound | Search | IDLE | |||||||||||||
Alpine | mbox, mbx, MIX, maildir (with patches), MMDF, tenex, mtx, MH, mx, news, phile | ? | Yes | Partial | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | No | ? | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ||
Becky! Internet Mail | mbox | ? | ? | No | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
Canary Mail | Proprietary | Yes | No | No | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
Citadel | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||
Claws Mail | MH, mbox (plugin) | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | No | Yes | No | ||
Courier | Proprietary | Yes (weak) | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes (layout) | No | ? | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | ||
Elm | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||
eM Client | Proprietary (sqlite) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
EmailTray | Proprietary | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ||
Eudora | modified mbox | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [ specify ] | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ||
Evolution | maildir, mbox, MH | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial | Yes [Note 3] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
Gnus | babyl, maildir, mbox, MMDF, news, rnews, SOUP, outlook, oe-dbx | No | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [Note 4] | Yes | Yes | ? | ||
GroupWise | Proprietary | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ||
Hiri | Proprietary | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | ||
IBM Notes | Proprietary | Yes [50] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [Note 5] | No | Yes | Yes | ? | No | ||
KMail | mbox, maildir | No | Yes | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
Mailbird | Proprietary | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Partial | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
Mailpile | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||
Microsoft Entourage | Proprietary (Personal Storage Table) | ? | Yes | Partial [Note 6] | ? | ? | ? | ? | Partial | No | No | Partial [Note 7] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
Microsoft Office Outlook | Proprietary (Personal Storage Table) | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes [Note 8] | Yes | ? | Yes | ||
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | mbox | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||
Mozilla Thunderbird | mbox, maildir | No | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes [Note 9] | ? | No | ? | Yes (as of 3.0) | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
Mulberry | mbox [Note 10] | Partial [Note 11] | Partial [Note 11] | Partial [Note 11] | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | Yes [ specify ] | Partial [Note 11] | No | Yes | No | ||
Mutt | mbox, MMDF, MH, maildir | Yes (with compressed folders patch [51] ) | ? (has limit command) | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes [Note 12] | Yes [Note 12] | Yes | Yes | ||
Netscape Messenger | mbox | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||
Netscape Messenger 9 | mbox | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ||
nmh / MH | MH | No | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? | ||
Opera Mail | mbox, MH, Proprietary | No | Yes (all folders are virtual) | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ||
Outlook Express | Proprietary | No | No | No | ? | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | ? | No | ? | ? | Yes | ||
Pegasus Mail | Proprietary (mbox-like) | No | Yes | No | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | No [54] | ||
Pine | mbox, mbx, MIX, maildir (with patches), MMDF, tenex, mtx, MH, mx, news, phile | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | ||
Pocomail | mbox | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ||
RoundCube | [IMAP Server] | ? | ? | ? | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ||
i.Scribe / InScribe | Proprietary (sqlite) | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | ||
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups | mbox | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ||
SquirrelMail | [IMAP Server] | ? | ? | ? | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ||
Sylpheed | MH | No | Yes | No | ? | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | No | No [Note 13] | No [Note 13] | Yes | ? | No | ||
The Bat! | Proprietary | Yes (AES 128 bit) (with Pro and Voyager version) [Note 14] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (PCRE 6.2) | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
Trojitá | IMAP | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ||
Turnpike | Proprietary | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ||
Windows Live Mail | File System (.eml) | No | No | No | No | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ||
Windows Mail | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | ||
YAM | mbox, maildir, oe-dbx | No | No | No | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ||
Zimbra | File system | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
Client | Message file format | Encrypted database | Virtual folders | Scheduled backup | New mail notification | Customizable interface | Customizable keybindings | Fragmented messages [Note 1] | Database search with regular expressions support | Indexed search | Search folders [Note 2] | IMAP | ||||||
ticker | tray icon | tooltip | sound | Search | IDLE |
nnir
backends such as Notmuch [49] Client | Message templates | Message templates individual for | Support in message templates scripts, programming languages | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
new | reply | forward | read confirmation | save | JavaScript | VBScript | PHP Scripts | Python | Regular expressions | Java | Other (specify) | |||
Alpine | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | any | No | No | No | No | ? | No | ? |
Becky! Internet Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | any account folder | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | |
Canary Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | No | No | * |
Citadel | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Claws Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | account folder | No | No | No | Yes | ? | ? | Perl |
Courier | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Elm | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
eM Client | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | account | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Eudora | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | any | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No |
Evolution | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Gnus | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | elisp |
GroupWise | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Hiri | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | any | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
i.Scribe / InScribe | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | any | No | No | No | No | No | No | Internal macros (similar to JavaScript) |
IBM Notes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | No | No | No | Yes [55] | Yes | LotusScript, Formula language |
KMail | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | none | ? | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? |
Mailpile | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Microsoft Entourage | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | AppleScript, Automator |
Microsoft Office Outlook | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | No | No | ? | No | ? | No | ? |
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Mozilla Thunderbird | Yes | Yes [Note 1] | Yes [Note 1] | Yes | Yes | Yes | profile | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Mulberry | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? |
Mutt | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | ? | ? | any | No | No | No | No | Yes | ? | Internal macros |
Netscape Messenger | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Netscape Messenger 9 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
nmh / MH | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Opera Mail | No | No | No | No | No | No | — | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
Outlook Express | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Pegasus Mail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Pine | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | any | ? | No | No | ? | ? | No | ? |
Pocomail | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | No | No | PocoScript |
RoundCube | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? |
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
SquirrelMail | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? |
Sylpheed | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? |
The Bat! | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | account folder address book group contact | Yes [Note 2] | Yes [Note 3] | Yes [Note 4] | Yes [Note 5] | Yes | PCRE 6.2 | Internal and plugins macros |
Turnpike | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Windows Live Mail | Yes [Note 6] | Yes [Note 6] | ? | Yes [Note 6] | ? | ? | ? | Yes | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Windows Mail | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
YAM | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | ? | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ARexx |
Zimbra | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | any | No | No | No | No | No | ? | ? |
Client | Message templates | Message templates individual for | Support in message templates scripts, programming languages | |||||||||||
new | reply | forward | read confirmation | save | JavaScript | VBScript | PHP Scripts | Python | Regular expressions | Java | Other (specify) |
The Bat! supports Email Address Internationalization (EAI). [56] [ discuss ]
As of October 2016, email clients supporting SMTPUTF8 included Outlook 2016, [57] mail for iOS, and mail for Android.[ citation needed ]
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) is a standard that extends the format of email messages to support text in character sets other than ASCII, as well as attachments of audio, video, images, and application programs. Message bodies may consist of multiple parts, and header information may be specified in non-ASCII character sets. Email messages with MIME formatting are typically transmitted with standard protocols, such as the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), the Post Office Protocol (POP), and the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP).
In computing, the Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a mail server. Today, POP version 3 (POP3) is the most commonly used version. Together with IMAP, it is one of the most common protocols for email retrieval.
The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet standard communication protocol for electronic mail transmission. Mail servers and other message transfer agents use SMTP to send and receive mail messages. User-level email clients typically use SMTP only for sending messages to a mail server for relaying, and typically submit outgoing email to the mail server on port 587 or 465 per RFC 8314. For retrieving messages, IMAP is standard, but proprietary servers also often implement proprietary protocols, e.g., Exchange ActiveSync.
GNU Privacy Guard is a free-software replacement for Symantec's cryptographic software suite PGP. The software is compliant with RFC 4880, the IETF standards-track specification of OpenPGP. Modern versions of PGP are interoperable with GnuPG and other OpenPGP v4-compliant systems.
An email client, email reader or, more formally, message user agent (MUA) or mail user agent is a computer program used to access and manage a user's email.
Outlook Express, formerly known as Microsoft Internet Mail and News, is a discontinued email and news client included with Internet Explorer versions 3.0 through 6.0. As such, it was bundled with several versions of Microsoft Windows, from Windows 98 to Windows Server 2003, and was available for Windows 3.x, Windows NT 3.51, Windows 95, Mac System 7, Mac OS 8, and Mac OS 9. In Windows Vista, Outlook Express was superseded by Windows Mail.
Gnus, or Gnus Network User Services, is a message reader which is part of GNU Emacs. It supports reading and composing both e-mail and news and can also act as an RSS reader, web processor, and directory browser for both local and remote filesystems.
Sylpheed is an open-source e-mail client and news client licensed under GNU GPL-2.0-or-later with the library part LibSylph under GNU LGPL-2.1-or-later. It provides easy configuration and an abundance of features. It stores mail in the MH Message Handling System. Sylpheed runs on Unix-like systems such as Linux or BSD, and it is also usable on Windows. It uses GTK+.
Mozilla Thunderbird is a free and open-source email client software which also functions as a full personal information manager with a calendar and contactbook, as well as an RSS feed reader, chat client (IRC/XMPP/Matrix), and news client. Available cross-platform, it is operated by the Mozilla Foundation's subsidiary MZLA Technologies Corporation. Thunderbird is an independent, community-driven project that is managed and overseen by the Thunderbird Council, which is elected by the Thunderbird Community. The project strategy was originally modeled after that of Mozilla's Firefox Web browser and is an interface built on top of that Web browser.
Mutt is a text-based email client for Unix-like systems. It was originally written by Michael Elkins in 1995 and released under the GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.
The Bat! is an email client for the Microsoft Windows operating system, developed by Moldovan software company Ritlabs. It is sold as shareware and offered in three editions: Home Edition, Professional Edition, and Voyager which is a portable version and is included with Professional Edition.
Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format or TNEF is a proprietary email attachment format used by Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Exchange Server. An attached file with TNEF encoding is most often named winmail.dat or win.dat, and has a MIME type of Application/MS-TNEF. The official (IANA) media type, however, is application/vnd.ms-tnef.
Kontact is a personal information manager and groupware software suite developed by KDE. It supports calendars, contacts, notes, to-do lists, news, and email. It offers a number of inter-changeable graphical UIs all built on top of a common core.
Becky! Internet Mail is an e-mail client software for Microsoft Windows developed by the Japanese company RimArts from Matsudo, Chiba. Becky! was originally released in 1996 as Becky! Version 1. That version was rewritten in the early 2000s and Becky! Version 2 was released in 2004 and is still the flagship product, receiving periodic updates.
Email encryption is encryption of email messages to protect the content from being read by entities other than the intended recipients. Email encryption may also include authentication.
Ipswitch IMail Server is an email server application with groupware functionality that runs on Microsoft Windows OS. It was developed in 1994 by Ipswitch, Inc., a software company based in Lexington, Massachusetts.
eM Client is a desktop email client for Windows and macOS. It features sending and receiving email, managing calendars, tasks, contacts, and notes, and chat. It was originally released in 2007 and still receives regular updates as of May 2024. Versions for Android and iOS were released in 2024.
pretty Easy privacy was a pluggable data encryption and verification system that provided automatic cryptographic key management through a set of libraries for written digital communications.
Autocrypt is a cryptographic protocol for email clients aiming to simplify key exchange and enabling encryption. Version 1.0 of the Autocrypt specification was released in December 2017 and makes no attempt to protect against MITM attacks. It is implemented on top of OpenPGP replacing its complex key management by fully automated exchange of cryptographic keys between peers.
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