Comparison of orbital launchers families

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This page contains a list of orbital launchers' families. To see the long complete list of launch systems, see Comparison of orbital launch systems.

This is a comparison of orbital launch systems. The following exposes the full list of conventional orbital launch systems. For the short simple list of conventional launcher families, see: Comparison of orbital launchers families. For the list of predominantly solid-fuelled orbital launch systems, see: Comparison of solid-fuelled orbital launch systems.

Contents

Description

Low Earth orbit Orbit around Earth with an altitude between 160 kilometers and 2,000 kilometers

A Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is an Earth-centered orbit with an altitude of 2,000 km (1,200 mi) or less, or with at least 11.25 periods per day and an eccentricity less than 0.25. Most of the manmade objects in space are in LEO. A histogram of the mean motion of the cataloged objects shows that the number of objects drops significantly beyond 11.25.

Geostationary transfer orbit Hohmann transfer orbit used to reach geosynchronous or geostationary orbit

A geosynchronous transfer orbit or geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) is a Hohmann transfer orbit—an elliptical orbit used to transfer between two circular orbits of different radii in the same plane—used to reach geosynchronous or geostationary orbit using high-thrust chemical engines.

Same cores are grouped together (like Ariane 1, 2 & 3, but not V).

List of launchers families

Legend
  Active
  In development
  Retired
  Active, and being updated and revised

FamilyCountryManufac.Payload (kg)Cost (US$,
millions)		Launches reaching…StatusDate of flightNotesRefs
LEO GTO TLI TotalSpaceAny orbitTarget orbitFirstLast
Angara 1.2Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Khrunichev 3,800----25110N/AActive2014As of 2017, only launch was suborbital [1] [2] [3] [4]
Angara A5Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Khrunichev 14,600–​35,0003,600–​12,500----1111Active2014 [2] [5]
Antares Flag of the United States.svg  USA Orbital ATK 6,500----807666Active2013Cygnus launcher [6] [7] [8]
Ariane 1-2-3Flag of Europe.svg  Europe Aérospatiale N/A2,650N/A--28Retired19791989 [9] [10]
Ariane 4 Flag of Europe.svg  Europe Aérospatiale 7,0004,720N/A--116Retired19882003Var.: 40, 42P, 42L, 44P, 44L, 44LP [10]
Ariane 5 Flag of Europe.svg  Europe Airbus 21,00010,735 [11] N/A165–​22076747472Active1996Var.: G, G+, GS, ECA, ES. [12] [13] [14]
Ariane 6 Flag of Europe.svg  Europe Airbus Safran 21,50011,500N/A1150Devel.2020Var.: Ariane 62, Ariane 64.
ASLV Flag of India.svg  India ISRO 150------4Retired19871994 [15]
Athena I & II Flag of the United States.svg  USA Lockheed ATK 2,065--295--7Retired19952001Launch Lunar Prospector. [16] [17]
Atlas A-B-C-D-E-F-G
Atlas I 		Flag of the United States.svg  USA Lockheed 5,9002,340----514Retired19571997Launch Mercury.
Atlas or Centaur upper stage.		 [18] [19] [20] [21]
Atlas II Flag of the United States.svg  USA Lockheed 8,6183,833----636363Retired19912004 [22] [23] [24]
Atlas III Flag of the United States.svg  USA Lockheed 10,7594,609----666Retired20032005Var.: IIIA, IIIB [25] [26]
Atlas V Flag of the United States.svg  USA ULA 18,8508,9002,807109–​15374747473Active2002Launched Juno & New Horizons [27] [28]
BFR Flag of the United States.svg  USA SpaceX 100,000+--100,000+ [lower-alpha 1] --0Devel.2020Fully reusable. Expected as early as 2020, with suborbital spaceship tests beginning in the first half of 2019. [29] [30] [31] [32]
Black Arrow Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  UK RAE Westland 132------43Retired19691971 [33]
Delta Flag of the United States.svg  USA Douglas 3,8481,312----186Retired19601989Launched Pioneer & Explorer probes.
Var. A, B, C, D, E, G, J, L, M, N, 300, 900, 1X00, 4X00, 2X00, 3X00, 5X00		 [34] [35]
Delta II Flag of the United States.svg  USA ULA 6,0002,1711,50851153152152151Retired19892018Launched Mars probes MGS to Phoenix
Var.: 6000, 7000, and Heavy.		 [34] [36] [37]
Delta III Flag of the United States.svg  USA Boeing 8,2903,810----322Retired19982000 [38] [39]
Delta IV Flag of the United States.svg  USA ULA 23,04013,1309,000--35353534Active2002Var.: M, M+, and Heavy. [40]
Diamant Flag of France.svg  France SEREB------129Retired19651975[ citation needed ]
R-36M
Dnepr 		Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 		Yuzhmash 3,600--7501417Retired19992015 [41] [42]
[ full citation needed ] [43]
Electron Flag of New Zealand.svg  NZ
Flag of the United States.svg  USA 		Rocket Lab 22562211Active2017 [44]
Energia Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union NPO Energia 100,0002402211Retired198719881 partial failure with Polyus spacecraft, 1 successful flight with Buran shuttle. [45] [ citation needed ]
Epsilon Flag of Japan.svg  Japan IHI Corporation 1,200------1111Active2013 [46] [47]
Falcon 1 Flag of the United States.svg  USA SpaceX 420 [48] ----7.9 [48] 5 [49] 4 [48] 2 [48] 2 [49] Retired [48] 20062009
Falcon 9
v1.0, v1.1, FT, B5		Flag of the United States.svg  USA SpaceX 22,8008,300--61.266656565Active2010Upgrade to version 1.1 in 2013; upgrade to version FT in 2015
Launcher of Dragon capsule.

One flight put primary but not secondary payload into correct orbit, [50] one rocket and payload were destroyed before launch in preparation for static fire [51] and thus is not counted. Falcon 9 Block 5 first launched 11th May 2018 with Bangabandhu 1, the first fully sized Bangladesh satellite.

 [52] [53]
Falcon Heavy Flag of the United States.svg  USA SpaceX 63,80026,700--90–​1501111Active2018First test launch 2018-02-06 [54] [55] [56]
GSLV Mk.I Flag of India.svg  India ISRO 5,0002,500----6422Retired20012010 [57] [58] [59]
GSLV Mk.II Flag of India.svg  India ISRO 5,0002,700----7666Active2010 [57] [60] [59]
GSLV Mk.III (LVM3) Flag of India.svg  India ISRO 10,0004,000----3333Active2014 [61] [62]
H-I Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Mitsubishi 3,200----99Retired19861992License-built version of the Thor-ELT [63]
H-II, IIA & IIB Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Mitsubishi 19,0008,000--(190), 90, 1122826Active1994Var.: A202, A2022, A2024, A204, B [64]
Haas Flag of Romania.svg  Romania ARCA 400----0Devel.2018Launch from balloon [65] [66]
J-I Flag of Japan.svg  Japan IHI Corporation Nissan Motors 880------1Retired19961996Partial demonstration flight only[ citation needed ]
R-12 & R-14
Kosmos 		Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Yuzhnoye Polyot 1,500----12610559Retired19672010Var.: 1, 2, 3, 3M [13] [67] [68]
Kaituozhe Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China CALT ------30Active2002Var.: 1, 2[ citation needed ]
Lambda 4S Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Nissan ISAS ------51Retired19661970[ citation needed ]
Long March 1 Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China CALT 740440----6Retired19702002Var.: 1, 1D [69] [70] [71]
DF-5
Long March 2-3-4 		Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China CALT 12,0005,5003,300--167158Active1971Var.: 2A, 2C, 2D, 2E, 3, 3A, 3B, 3C, 4, 4B
Launcher of Shenzhou		 [72]
Long March 5 Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China CALT 25,00014,0008,000--2211Active2016Var.: 5, 5B [73] [74]
Long March 6 Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China CALT 1,500------1111Active2015 [75]
Long March 7 Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China CALT 20,000------1111Active2016 [76]
Minotaur I Flag of the United States.svg  USA Orbital ATK 580------11111111Active2000Derived from the Minuteman II [77] [78]
Minotaur IV & V Flag of the United States.svg  USA Orbital ATK 1,735640447504444Active2010Also 2 suborbital launches (HTV-2a). Var.: IV, IV Lite, IV HAPS, V. Derived from Peacekeeper missile [77] [79]
Mu 1-3-4 Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Nissan Motor IHI770------27Retired19661995Var.: 1, 3D, 4S, 3C, 3H, 3S, 3SII [80]
Mu 5 Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Nissan Motor IHI1,800------76Retired19972006Var.: M-V, M-V KM[ citation needed ]
N1 Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union NPO Energia 90,000--23,500--4000Retired19691972Designed for Soviet Manned Lunar Mission [81]
N-I & II Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Mitsubishi 2,000730----15Retired19751987Derived from the American Delta rocket [82]
Naro Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea Khrunichev KARI 100------3211Retired20092013First stage uses the Russian RD-151 engine [83]
Pegasus Flag of the United States.svg  USA Orbital ATK 450------43424138Active1990 [84]
UR-500 Proton Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 		Khrunichev 23,0006,9205,68065 (Proton-M)399353Active1965Var.: K, M, Medium in development. [85] [86] [87]
PSLV Flag of India.svg  India ISRO 3,8001,300----45444342Active1993Var.: CA, XL, HP, 3S
Launched moon probe Chandrayaan I, Mars probe Mangalyaan I		 [88] [89]
UR-100N Rokot Strela Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Eurockot Khrunichev 2,100------252323Active199423 launches of Rokot; 2 launches of Strela [90] [91] [92] [93]
Safir Flag of Iran.svg  Iran ISA 50------7544Active2007 [94]
Saturn I & IB Flag of the United States.svg  USA Chrysler Douglas 18,600----1913131313Retired19611975Saturn 1 family also included 6 suborbital test launches [95] [96]
Saturn V Flag of the United States.svg  USA Boeing North American Douglas 118,000--47,000185131313Retired19671973Var.: Apollo, Skylab [95] [97] [98]
Scout Flag of the United States.svg  USA US Air Force NASA 210------125104Retired19601994Var.: X1, X2, A, D, G [99]
Shavit Flag of Israel.svg  Israel IAI 225----1510888Active1988Var.: Shavit, -1, -2 [100]
R-29
Shtil Volna 		Flag of Russia.svg  Russia Makeyev 430------8Retired19952006Var.: Volna, Shtil, 2.1, 2R, 3 [101]
R-7 Semyorka Soyuz Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 		RSC Energia TsSKB-Progress 8,2002,4001,200--1,854Active1957Var.: Sputnik, Luna, Vostok-L, Vostok-K, Voskhod, Molniya, Molniya-L, Molniya-M, Polyot, Soyuz, Soyuz-L, Soyuz-M, Soyuz-U, Soyuz-FG, Soyuz-2, Soyuz-2-1v [102] [103]
Simorgh Flag of Iran.svg  Iran ISA 350------2000Active2016 [104]
SLS Flag of the United States.svg  USA Orbital ATK Boeing United Launch Alliance Aerojet Rocketdyne 70,000 to
130,000		------0Devel.2020Expected 2020 [105] [106]
SLV Flag of India.svg  India ISRO 40------4332Retired19791983Launched Rohini satellite series [107]
SS-520 Flag of Japan.svg  Japan IHI Aerospace 4------43112017Two successful suborbital flights, one failed and one successful attempt to reach orbit. A test how small orbital rockets can be. The rocket has a mass of only 2.6 tonnes. [108]
Small Satellite Launch Vehicle Flag of India.svg  India ISRO 500300----0Devel.2019As of December 2018, design of the rocket has been completed and first developmental flight is to take place before May 2019. [109] [110]
STS
Space Shuttle 		Flag of the United States.svg  USA Alliant Martin Marietta Rockwell 24,4003,810--450135134134133Retired19812011Orbiter mass: 68585 kg. [111]
RT-2PM
Start-1 		Flag of Russia.svg  Russia MITT 532------76Active1993 [112]
Taurus / Minotaur-C Flag of the United States.svg  USA Orbital Sciences 1,450------9966Active1989Var.: 2110, 3110, 3210 [113]
Thor Flag of the United States.svg  USA Douglas 1,270--38--357Retired19571980Launched Pioneer & Explorer probes [35]
LGM-25C
Titan I-II-III-IV 		Flag of the United States.svg  USA Martin Marietta 21,9005,7738,600350369Retired19592005Var.: I, II, IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, IIID, IIIE, 34D, IVA, IVB
Gemini launcher		 [114] [115]
R-36
Tsyklon 		Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine 		Yuzhmash 4,100------259Retired19672009Var.: 1, 2, 3. [116]
Unified Launch Vehicle Flag of India.svg  India ISRO 41,30016,300----0Devel.Var.: 6S12, 2S60, 2S138, 2S200 [117]
Unha-3 Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea KCST 200------432Active2006Var.: Paektusan based on Taepodong-1 missile; Unha based on Taepodong-2 missile. [118] [119]
Vanguard Flag of the United States.svg  USA Martin 23------123Retired19571959 [120]
Vega Flag of Europe.svg  Europe Avio 2,300----2313131313Revis.2012Vega-C and Vega-E in development. [121]
VLM Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil CTA 380------0Devel.2019 [122]
Vulcan Flag of the United States.svg  USA ULA --990Devel.2021 [123] [124] [125] [126]
Zenit Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 		Yuzhnoye 13,7406,1604,098--827169Active1985Var.: 2, 2M (2SB, 2SLB), 3SL, 3SLB, 3SLBF [127]

See also

This page is an incomplete list of orbital rocket engine data.

A number of different spacecraft have been used to carry cargo to and from space stations.

Notes

  1. ↑ With in-orbit refueling

Related Research Articles

Delta IV active expendable launch system in the Delta rocket family

Delta IV is an expendable launch system in the Delta rocket family. The rocket's main components are designed by Boeing's Defense, Space & Security division and built in the United Launch Alliance (ULA) facility in Decatur, Alabama. Final assembly is completed at the launch site by ULA. The rocket was designed to launch payloads into orbit for the United States Air Force Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program and for the commercial satellite business. The Delta IV is available in five versions: Medium, Medium+ (4,2), Medium+ (5,2), Medium+ (5,4), and Heavy, to cover a range of payload size and weight. The Delta IV was primarily designed to satisfy the needs of the U.S. military.

Angara (rocket family) family of space-launch vehicles

The Angara rocket family is a family of space-launch vehicles being developed by the Moscow-based Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center. The rockets are to put between 3,800 and 24,500 kg into low Earth orbit and are intended, along with Soyuz-2 variants, to replace several existing launch vehicles.

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Indian satellite launch vehicle

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle abbreviated as GSLV, is an expendable launch system operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). GSLV has been used in thirteen launches to date, since its first launch in 2001 to the most recent on December 19, 2018 carrying the GSAT-7A military communications satellite. Even though Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III shares the name it is an entirely different launcher.

Indian Space Research Organisation space agency of India

The Indian Space Research Organisation is the space agency of the Government of India headquartered in the city of Bengaluru. Its vision is to "harness space technology for national development while pursuing space science research and planetary exploration."

The GSAT satellites are India's indigenously developed communications satellites, used for digital audio, data and video broadcasting. As of 5 December 2018, 20 GSAT satellites of ISRO have been launched out of which 14 satellites are currently in service.

Satish Dhawan Space Centre spaceport in Andhra Pradesh, India

Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) or Sriharikota Range (SHAR) is a rocket launch centre operated by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It is located in Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh. Sriharikota Range was renamed in 2002 after ISRO's former chairman Satish Dhawan.

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III Indian medium-lift launch vehicle

The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV-III), also referred to as the Launch Vehicle Mark 3 (LVM3) is a three-stage medium-lift launch vehicle developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It is designed to launch satellites into geostationary orbit, and is intended as a launch vehicle for crewed missions under the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. The GSLV-III has a higher payload capacity than the similarly named GSLV.

INSAT-4C was an Indian communications satellite which was lost in a launch failure in 2006. Had it reached orbit, it would have formed part of the Indian National Satellite System. Launched in 2007, it was intended to have operated in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 73.97° east. The INSAT-4CR satellite, launched in September 2007, replaced it.

Space tug spacecraft vehicle designed to move the payload from a reference orbit to the target orbit, or direct it to an interplanetary trajectory

A space tug is a type of spacecraft used to transfer spaceborne cargo from one orbit to another orbit with different energy characteristics. An example would be moving a spacecraft from a low Earth orbit (LEO) to a higher-energy orbit like a geostationary transfer orbit, a lunar transfer, or an escape trajectory.

GSAT-14 is an Indian communications satellite launched in January 2014. It replaced the GSAT-3 satellite, which was launched in 2004. GSAT-14 was launched by a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk.II, which incorporated an Indian-built cryogenic engine on the third stage.

IRNSS-1B is the second out of seven in the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites after IRNSS-1A. The IRNSS constellation of satellites is slated to be launched to provide navigational services to the region. It was placed in geosynchronous orbit on 4 April 2014.

KVD-1 was an upper stage LOX/LH2 cryogenic engine developed by the Isayev Design Bureau of Russia in the early 1960s. It is a modified version of the RD-56, developed for a never-completed cryogenic upper stage of the N-1 super-heavy lift rocket, with the goal of enabling manned lunar missions by the USSR. The KVD-1 produces a thrust of 7.5 tonnes.

The Unified Launch Vehicle (ULV) is a development project by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) whose core objective is to design a modular architecture that could eventually replace the PSLV, GSLV Mk I/II and GSLV Mk III with a single family of launchers. The design may include a heavy-lift variant dubbed HLV, as well as super heavy-lift variant called SHLV with a cluster stage of five SCE-200 engines each replacing the main core stage SC-160 and as well as the two solid boosters.

Small-lift launch vehicle

A small-lift launch vehicle is a rocket orbital launch vehicle that is capable of lifting up to 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) of payload into low Earth orbit (LEO). The next larger category consists of medium-lift launch vehicles.

References

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