Haas (rocket)

Last updated
Haas rocket Haas rocket.jpg
Haas rocket

Haas is a family of rocket space launchers developed by ARCAspace for the Google Lunar X Prize competition and for their national crewed space program. As of 2020 no rocket has been launched, the planned rocket types changed significantly over time.

Contents

It was named after Conrad Haas, a rocket pioneer who lived and worked in what is now Romania, and was the first person to describe a multistage rocket in writing. [1]

Haas

Haas was a Romanian carrier rocket, which was developed[ when? ] by ARCA as part of the ELE programme. It was designed to be air-launched from a high-altitude balloon, similar to the American Rockoon experiments of the 1950s. Prior to the development of Haas, ARCA had already launched two Stabilo rockets from balloons. It is fueled by hydrogen peroxide and bitumen.

The Haas rocket [1] was to be a three-stage rocket intended to be capable of placing 400 kilograms of payload into low Earth orbit. Its maiden flight was to carry the European Lunar Explorer spacecraft, ARCA's entry into the Google Lunar X-Prize, following a series of engine tests which began in 2009.[ citation needed ]

It was abandoned when ARCA decided to stop using solar and helium balloons for their space program.

Haas 2

Haas 2 rocket with IAR 111 supersonic plane Haas 2 rocket with IAR 111 supersonic plane.jpg
Haas 2 rocket with IAR 111 supersonic plane

Haas 2 was an orbital two-stage launcher design intended to be carried under the fuselage of the IAR 111 supersonic plane. It was planned to be powered by the new Executor liquid-fueled rocket engine [2] under development at ARCA. Its intended launch altitude was approximately 17,000 m (56,000 ft). It was intended to place a 400 kg (880 lb) payload into low Earth orbit.[ citation needed ]

Haas 2CA

Two stage Haas 2C rocket Haas2C.jpg
Two stage Haas 2C rocket
Haas 2c rocket Haas2c truck.jpg
Haas 2c rocket

Haas 2CA, previously Haas 2c, was a planned flight testing platform for the Executor engine. It was an intended single-stage-to-orbit vehicle due to its lightweight fuel tanks and was originally planned for a 2018 launch. [3]

Data from [3] [4]

General characteristics

2020 plans

ARCAspace changed the plans of future rockets over time. As of March 2020, the company plans to develop ground-launched single-stage-to-orbit rockets which can optionally increase their payload with a booster stage (called Launch assist system, LAS). It is planned to test two stages of a small orbital rocket (LAS 25R and Haas mini) in independent flights in 2020, before the two are combined for a first orbital flight in 2021. This two-stage rocket is planned to have a payload capacity of 40 kg to low Earth orbit. A larger first stage is expected for 2022, followed by a single-stage-to-orbit rocket Haas 3 in 2023, carrying up to 500 kg of payload. Combining both, ARCAspace expects to achieve a payload capacity of 3 tonnes in 2024. This sequence would repeat with even larger rocket stages, leading to a 60 tonne payload rocket in 2027. [5]


Super Haas rocket Super haas rocket.jpg
Super Haas rocket

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Centaur (rocket stage)</span> Family of rocket stages which can be used as a space tug

The Centaur is a family of rocket propelled upper stages produced by U.S. launch service provider United Launch Alliance, with one main active version and one version under development. The 3.05 m (10.0 ft) diameter Common Centaur/Centaur III flies as the upper stage of the Atlas V launch vehicle, and the 5.4 m (18 ft) diameter Centaur V is being developed as the upper stage of ULA's new Vulcan rocket. Centaur was the first rocket stage to use liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX) propellants, a high-energy combination that is ideal for upper stages but has significant handling difficulties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ariane 4</span> Rocket

The Ariane 4 was a European expendable space launch system, developed by the Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES), the French space agency, for the European Space Agency (ESA). It was manufactured by ArianeGroup and marketed by Arianespace. Since its first flight on 15 June 1988 until the final flight on 15 February 2003, it attained 113 successful launches out of 116 total launches.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aerospike engine</span> Type of rocket engine that maintains its aerodynamic efficiency across a wide range of altitudes

The aerospike engine is a type of rocket engine that maintains its aerodynamic efficiency across a wide range of altitudes. It belongs to the class of altitude compensating nozzle engines. Aerospike engines have been studied for several years and are the baseline engines for many single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) designs and were also a strong contender for the Space Shuttle main engine. However, no such engine is in commercial production, although some large-scale aerospikes are in testing phases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saturn IB</span> American rocket used in the Apollo program during the 1960s and 70s

The Saturn IB was an American launch vehicle commissioned by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the Apollo program. It uprated the Saturn I by replacing the S-IV second stage, with the S-IVB. The S-IB first stage also increased the S-I baseline's thrust from 1,500,000 pounds-force (6,700,000 N) to 1,600,000 pounds-force (7,100,000 N) and propellant load by 3.1%. This increased the Saturn I's low Earth orbit payload capability from 20,000 pounds (9,100 kg) to 46,000 pounds (21,000 kg), enough for early flight tests of a half-fueled Apollo command and service module (CSM) or a fully fueled Apollo Lunar Module (LM), before the larger Saturn V needed for lunar flight was ready.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ARCAspace</span> Aerospace company headquartered in Romania

Romanian Cosmonautics and Aeronautics Association, also known as ARCAspace, is an aerospace company based in Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania. It builds rockets, high-altitude balloons, and unmanned aerial vehicles. It was founded in 1999 as a non-governmental organization in Romania by the Romanian engineer and entrepreneur Dumitru Popescu and other rocket and aeronautics enthusiasts. Since then, ARCA has launched two stratospheric rockets, four large scale stratospheric balloons including a cluster balloon and was awarded two governmental contracts with the Romanian government and one contract with the European Space Agency. ARCASpace is currently developing a three-stage, semi-reusable steam-powered rocket called EcoRocket and in 2022 has shifted its business model to Asteroid mining.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ares V</span> Canceled NASA rocket key to Project Constellation

The Ares V was the planned cargo launch component of the cancelled NASA Constellation program, which was to have replaced the Space Shuttle after its retirement in 2011. Ares V was also planned to carry supplies for a human presence on Mars. Ares V and the smaller Ares I were named after Ares, the Greek god of war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LVM 3</span> Indian medium-lift launch vehicle

The Launch Vehicle Mark-3, previously referred as the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III, is a three-stage medium-lift launch vehicle developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Primarily designed to launch communication satellites into geostationary orbit, it is also due to launch crewed missions under the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. LVM 3 has a higher payload capacity than its predecessor, GSLV.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saturn C-3</span> Third rocket in the Saturn C series studied from 1959 to 1962

The Saturn C-3 was the third rocket in the Saturn C series studied from 1959 to 1962. The design was for a three-stage launch vehicle that could launch 45,000 kilograms (99,000 lb) to low Earth orbit and send 18,000 kilograms (40,000 lb) to the Moon via trans-lunar injection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tupolev Tu-2000</span> Russian hypersonic aircraft

The Tupolev Tu-2000 was a planned hypersonic flight experimental aircraft designed by the Tupolev design bureau. It was intended to test technologies for a single-stage-to-orbit aerospaceplane and also the Tupolev Tu-360 intercontinental bomber.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Delta IV Heavy</span> Variant of the Delta IV space launch vehicle

The Delta IV Heavy is an expendable heavy-lift launch vehicle, the largest type of the Delta IV family. It is the world's third highest-capacity launch vehicle in operation, behind NASA's Space Launch System and SpaceX's Falcon Heavy and closely followed by CASC's Long March 5. It is manufactured by United Launch Alliance (ULA) and was first launched in 2004. ULA will retire the Delta IV Heavy in 2024. As of September 2022, two flights remain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle</span> Space launch vehicle concept

The Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle ("HLV") was an alternate super heavy-lift launch vehicle proposal for the NASA Constellation program. It was first presented to the Augustine Commission on 17 June 2009.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IAR 111</span> Type of aircraft

The IAR-111 Excelsior was a supersonic mothership project, designed by ARCA Space Corporation, intended to transport a rocket payload up to 18,000 m (59,000 ft) and for developing space tourism related technologies. The aircraft was supposed to be constructed almost entirely from composite materials, and was to be designed for take-off and landing from the sea surface.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Executor (rocket engine)</span>

Executor is a rocket engine developed by ARCA for use on its Haas rocket series and on IAR 111 Excelsior supersonic airplane. Executor uses kerosene and liquid oxygen as propellants in a gas-generator power cycle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">VLM (rocket)</span> Proposed Brazilian satellite launcher

The VLM is a proposed three-stage satellite launcher being developed by the Brazilian General Command for Aerospace Technology in collaboration with Germany. The project originated in 2008 as a simplified version of the VLS-1 rocket, using only the core stages. The first launch is currently planned for no earlier than 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LauncherOne</span> Two-stage, air-launched rocket by Virgin Orbit

LauncherOne was a two-stage orbital launch vehicle developed and flown by Virgin Orbit that began operational flights in 2021, after being in development from 2007 to 2020. It was an air-launched rocket, designed to carry smallsat payloads of up to 300 kg (660 lb) into Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), following air launch from a carrier aircraft at high altitude. The rocket is carried to the upper atmosphere on a modified Boeing 747-400, named Cosmic Girl, and released over ocean. Initial work on the program was done by Virgin Galactic, another Virgin Group subsidiary, before a separate entity — Virgin Orbit — was formed in 2017 to complete development and operate the launch service provider business separately from the passenger-carrying Virgin Galactic business.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rocket Lab Electron</span> Two-stage small launch vehicle

Electron is a two-stage, partially recoverable orbital launch vehicle developed by Rocket Lab, an American aerospace company with a wholly owned New Zealand subsidiary. Electron was developed to service the commercial small satellite launch market. Its Rutherford engines are the first electric-pump-fed engine to power an orbital-class rocket. Electron is often flown with a kickstage or Rocket Lab's Photon spacecraft. Although the rocket was designed to be expendable, Rocket Lab has recovered the first stage twice and is working towards the capability of reusing the booster. The Flight 26 (F26) booster has featured the first helicopter catch recovery attempt.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liquid fly-back booster</span> Launch vehicle study

Liquid Fly-back Booster (LFBB) was a German Aerospace Center's (DLR's) project concept to develop a liquid rocket booster capable of reusing for Ariane 5 in order to significantly reduce the high cost of space transportation and increase environmental friendliness. LFBB would replace the existing solid rocket boosters, providing main thrust during the liftoff. Once separated, two winged boosters would perform an atmospheric entry, fly back autonomously to the French Guiana, and land horizontally on the airport like an aeroplane.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zero 2 Infinity</span> Private Spanish company developing high-altitude balloons

Zero 2 Infinity is a private Spanish company developing high-altitude balloons intended to provide access to near space and low Earth orbit using a balloon-borne pod and a balloon-borne launcher.

A super heavy-lift launch vehicle can lift a super heavy payload to low Earth orbit. A super heavy payload is more than 50 metric tons (110,000 lb) by United States (NASA) classification or 100 metric tons (220,000 lb) by Russian classification. It is the most capable launch vehicle classification by mass to orbit, exceeding that of the heavy-lift launch vehicle classification. Only thirteen such payloads were successfully launched prior to 2022: twelve as part of the Apollo program before 1972 and one Energia launch in 1987. Planned crewed lunar and interplanetary missions often depend on these launch vehicles' payload capacity.

LandSpace Technology Corporation is a Chinese private space launch provider based in Beijing. It was founded in 2015 by Zhang Changwu.

References

  1. 1 2 ARCA Space, Haas Orbital Rocket Launcher Archived 2012-07-22 at the Wayback Machine fact sheet, Dec. 2, 2008 (accessed 22 Sept 2014)
  2. ARCA, Executor Rocket Engine Archived 2014-10-09 at the Wayback Machine (accessed 22 Sept 2014)
  3. 1 2 "ARCA Unveils the World's first Single-Stage-to-Orbit Rocket". 2017-03-31. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
  4. "Haas 2C specifications page".
  5. "Haas | ARCA" . Retrieved 7 March 2020.

External Pages