Dnepr (rocket)

• R-36M

1. Clark, Stephen (30 December 2016). "Iridium satellites closed up for launch on Falcon 9 rocket". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 30 December 2016. Russian officials have said they plan to discontinue Dnepr launches.
2. "The Dnepr launcher". RussianSpaceWeb.com.
3. "UoSAT-12 Integrates with Dnepr for Launch on 21 April". Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28.
4. Казанский национальный исследовательский технический университет имени А. Н. Туполева - КАИ, Казанский национальный исследовательский технический университет имени А. Н. Туполева - КАИ (2024-04-02). "Первый заместитель генерального конструктора Научно-производственного объединения "Энергия", ведущий конструктор ракетно-космического комплекса "Энергия-Буран"". kai.ru. Retrieved 2024-04-02.
5. Messier, Doug (6 February 2015). "Russia Severing Ties With Ukraine on Dnepr, Zenit Launch Programs". Parabolic Arc. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
6. Clark, Stephen (6 February 2015). "Customers assured of Dnepr rocket's near-term availability". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
7. McDowell, Jonathan (18 April 2022). "General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - R-36". planet4589.org. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
8. Krebs, Gunter. "Iridium-NEXT". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 30 December 2016. Kosmotras has received a contract to provide supplemental launch services on Dnepr launch vehicles. Dnepr can carry two satellites on each launch. One Dnepr launch, carrying the first two satellites, was planned, but it was delayed and finally canceled due to bureaucratic hurdles.
9. Krebs, Gunter. "GRACE-FO". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 30 December 2016. Originally a launch on a Dnepr rocket from Baikonur in 2017 was planned, but with Dnepr becoming unavailable, the launch was switched to a Falcon-9 v1.2 subcontracted from Iridium, flying together with five Iridium-NEXT satellites in December 2017.
10. Krebs, Gunter. "Paz". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 30 December 2016. Originally Kosmotras was contracted to provide the Dnepr launch vehicle for a launch from Dombarovsky (Yasny) in 2015. After an 18 months delay, Hisdesat canceled the launch contract in July 2016. Launch on a not yet disclosed vehicle is planned for 2017.
11. "Is SpaceX Changing the Rocket Equation? | Space | Air & Space Magazine". 2017-02-23. Archived from the original on 2017-02-23. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
12. Vance, Ashlee (14 May 2015). "Elon Musk's Space Dream Almost Killed Tesla". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 2022-03-26. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
13. Graham, William (20 November 2013). "Orbital's Minotaur I successfully lofts multitude of payloads". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
14. Graham, William (21 November 2013). "Russian Dnepr conducts record-breaking 32 satellite haul". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
15. "EgyptSat 1/Saudisat-3 launch details" (in Russian). Roskosmos.
16. "TerraSAR-X launch details" (in Russian). Roskosmos. Archived from the original on 2007-07-08. Retrieved 2007-07-01.
17. "Five RapidEye remote sensing satellites launched". Spaceflight Now.
18. "Space briefs - Dnepr Launches Thai Remote Sensing Craft". Space News. 2008-10-10.
19. Stephen Clark (June 15, 2010). "French Sun Satellite and Swedish Experiment Blast Off on Russian Rocket". Spaceflight Now (Space.com). Retrieved November 22, 2013.
20. "RASAT takes off into space". Anatolia News Agency. August 17, 2011.
21. William Graham (2013-08-22). "Russian Dnepr rocket launches with Arirang-5". NASASpaceflight.com.
22. Stephen Clark (21 November 2013). "Silo-launched Dnepr rocket delivers 32 satellites to space". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
23. Stephen Clark (19 June 2014). "Russian Dnepr rocket lofts record haul of 37 satellites". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
24. Stephen Clark (6 November 2014). "Japanese satellites launched on Soviet-era missile". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
25. William Graham and Chris Bergin (2015-03-25). "Russia's Dnepr rocket launches Kompsat-3A mission". NASASpaceflight.com.
26. "Russia to pay Kazakhstan over US$1 million in compensation for damage from rocket crash". International Herald Tribune. 2006-10-03.

External links

• "Kosmotras launch service provider".
• "DNEPR User's guide" (PDF). MIT. November 2001.
• "Astronautix entry - R-36M2". Archived from the original on 2006-07-11.
• "Space Calendar (JPL)". NASA.
• "Riding the strangest rocket in the world". BBC. March 2010.

Dnepr

Function	Orbital carrier rocket
Manufacturer	Yuzhnoye Design Bureau (design) Yuzhmash (manufacturing) Khartron (control system)
Country of origin	Soviet Union (original build), Ukraine (commercial launches after 1999)
Cost per launch	US$29 million
Size
Height	34.3 m (113 ft)
Diameter	3 m (9.8 ft)
Mass	211,000 kg (465,000 lb)
Stages	3
Capacity
Payload to LEO
Mass	4,500 kilograms (9,900 lb)
Launch history
Status	Retired [1]
Launch sites	Site 109/95, Baikonur LC-13, Yasny
Total launches	22
Success(es)	21
Failure(s)	1
First flight	21 April 1999
Last flight	25 March 2015
First stage
Powered by	1 RD-264 module (four RD-263 engines)
Maximum thrust	4,520 kN (1,020,000 lbf)
Specific impulse	318 s (3.12 km/s)
Burn time	130 seconds
Propellant	N2O4 / UDMH

v t e Soviet and Russian launch vehicles
Active	Angara 1.2 A5 Soyuz-2 2.1a 2.1b 2-1v UR Proton-M
In development	Amur Irtysh Yenisei
Retired	Dnepr Energia Kosmos 1 2I 3 3M N1 R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original L M U U2 FG Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna Start-1 Tsyklon original 2 3 UR UR-500 Proton-K Rokot Strela Zenit 2 2M 3SL 3SLB 3F
Cancelled (no launch attempts)	Tsyklon-4 Proton Light Medium