The Brazilian Space Agency is the civilian authority in Brazil responsible for the country's space program. It operates a spaceport at Alcântara,and a rocket launch site at Barreira do Inferno. It is the largest and most prominent space agency in Latin America.
The National Space Development Agency of Japan,or NASDA,was a Japanese national space agency established on October 1,1969 under the National Space Development Agency Law only for peaceful purposes. Based on the Space Development Program enacted by the Minister of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology (MEXT),NASDA was responsible for developing satellites and launch vehicles as well as launching and tracking them.
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is the Japanese national air and space agency. Through the merger of three previously independent organizations,JAXA was formed on 1 October 2003. JAXA is responsible for research,technology development and launch of satellites into orbit,and is involved in many more advanced missions such as asteroid exploration and possible human exploration of the Moon. Its motto is One JAXA and its corporate slogan is Explore to Realize.
S-Series is a fleet of sounding rockets funded by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) that have been in service since the late 1960s. Manufactured by IHI Aerospace and operated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). The nomenclature of the S-Series rockets is the number of "S"s indicates the number of stages,and the following number details the diameter of the craft in millimeters. For example,the S-310 is a single stage rocket with a diameter of 310 mm.
H-IIB (H2B) was an expendable space launch system jointly developed by the Japanese government's space agency JAXA and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. It was used to launch the H-II Transfer Vehicle cargo spacecraft for the International Space Station. The H-IIB was a liquid-fueled rocket,with solid-fuel strap-on boosters and was launched from the Tanegashima Space Center in southern Japan. H-IIB made its first flight in 2009,and had made a total of nine flights through 2020 with no failures.
This article outlines notable events occurring in 2006 in spaceflight,including major launches and EVAs. 2006 saw Brazil,Iran,and Sweden all get a national into space for the first time.
The H-II (H2) rocket was a Japanese satellite launch system,which flew seven times between 1994 and 1999,with five successes. It was developed by NASDA in order to give Japan a capability to launch larger satellites in the 1990s. It was the first two-stage liquid-fuelled rocket Japan made using only technologies developed domestically. It was superseded by the H-IIA rocket following reliability and cost issues.
Several significant events in spaceflight occurred in 2009,including Iran conducting its first indigenous orbital launch,the first Swiss satellite being launched and New Zealand launching its first sounding rocket. The H-IIB and Naro-1 rockets conducted maiden flights,whilst the Tsyklon-3,Falcon 1 and Ariane 5GS were retired from service. The permanent crew of the International Space Station increased from three to six in May,and in the last few months of the year,Japan's first resupply mission to the outpost,HTV-1,was conducted successfully.
The H–I (H–1) was a Japanese medium-lift launch vehicle,consisting of a licence-produced American first stage and set of booster rockets,and all-Japanese upper stages. The H in the name represented the use of liquid hydrogen fuel in the second stage. It was launched nine times between 1986 and 1992. It replaced the N-II,and was subsequently replaced by the H-II,which used the same upper stages with a Japanese first stage.
The N-I or N-1 was a derivative of the American Thor-Delta rocket,produced under license in Japan. The N stood for "Nippon" (Japan). It used a Long Tank Thor first stage,a Mitsubishi Heavy Industries-designed LE-3 engine on the second stage,and three Castor SRMs. Seven were launched between 1975 and 1982,before it was replaced by the N-II. Six of the seven launches were successful,however on the fifth flight,there was recontact between the satellite and the third stage,which caused the satellite to fail.
Waseda-SAT2 is a Japanese satellite which launched in May 2010. It is a student-built spacecraft,which will be operated by Waseda University,and is intended to be used for Earth observation and technology demonstration. It will test the use of extendible paddles to provide attitude control. The satellite is a single unit CubeSat.
Hayato,known before launch as KSAT,or the Kagoshima Satellite,is a Japanese satellite which was launched on 20 May 2010. It is a student-built spacecraft,which is operated by Kagoshima University,and is being used for technology demonstration and atmospheric research. The satellite is a single unit CubeSat,and carries equipment to study water vapour in the Earth's atmosphere,microwave imagery and spacecraft communication.
Negai☆″ is a Japanese satellite which launched in May 2010. It is a student-built spacecraft,which will be operated by Soka University,and is intended to be used for technology demonstration. The satellite is a single unit CubeSat,and will be used to test a field programmable gate array in orbit. As part of an outreach programme,it will carry the names of selected children,along with wishes they have made. The satellite will return images of the Earth,which will be given to the participating children.
The Japanese space program originated in the mid-1950s as a research group led by Hideo Itokawa at the University of Tokyo. The size of the rockets produced gradually increased from under 30 cm (12 in) at the start of the project,to over 15 m (49 ft) by the mid-1960s. The aim of the original research project was to launch a man-made satellite.
In 2014,the maiden flight of the Angara A5,Antares 120 and Antares 130 took place.
This article compares different orbital launcher families. The article is organized into two tables:the first contains a list of currently active and under-development launcher families,while the second contains a list of retired launcher families.
The Epsilon Launch Vehicle,or Epsilon rocket,is a Japanese solid-fuel rocket designed to launch scientific satellites. It is a follow-on project to the larger and more expensive M-V rocket which was retired in 2006. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) began developing the Epsilon in 2007. It is capable of placing a 590 kg payload into Sun-synchronous orbit.
Hisaki,also known as the Spectroscopic Planet Observatory for Recognition of Interaction of Atmosphere (SPRINT-A) was a Japanese ultraviolet astronomy satellite operated by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The first mission of the Small Scientific Satellite program,it was launched in September 2013 on the maiden flight of the Epsilon rocket. It was used for extreme ultraviolet observations of the Solar System planets.
A small-lift launch vehicle is a rocket orbital launch vehicle that is capable of lifting 2,000 kilograms (4,400 lb) or less or under 5,000 kilograms (11,000 lb) of payload into low Earth orbit (LEO). The next larger category consists of medium-lift launch vehicles.
