Coreopsis lanceolata | |
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Coreopsis lanceolata 'Sterntaler' | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Genus: | Coreopsis |
Species: | C. lanceolata |
Binomial name | |
Coreopsis lanceolata | |
Synonyms [1] | |
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Coreopsis lanceolata, commonly known as lanceleaf coreopsis, [2] lanceleaf tickseed, [3] lance-leaved coreopsis, [4] or sand coreopsis, [5] is a North American species of tickseed in the family Asteraceae.
Coreopsis lanceolata is a perennial plant sometimes attaining a height of over 60 cm (2 ft). The plant produces yellow flower heads singly at the top of a naked flowering stalk, each head containing both ray florets and disc florets. [6] Each flower measures 5–8 cm (2–3 in) across. Basal leaves are typically narrow, lance-shaped, and 5–15 cm (2–6 in) long with smooth margins. They have thin petioles that are 3–10 cm (1–4 in) long. Leaves higher up the stem are sessile and may be unlobed or pinnately lobed. [2] The stem leaves are opposite and generally appear only on the lower half of the stem. After flowering, the ray florets are replaced by brown achenes that are 3 mm (0.1 in) long and 3 mm (0.1 in) across. [7]
The genus name Coreopsis means "bug-like"; it comes from the Greek words "koris", meaning "bug" and "opsis", meaning "like". The genus name, as well as the common name, tickseed, comes from the fact that the seeds are small and resemble ticks. The specific epithet lanceolata refers to the shape of the leaves. [2]
It is native to the eastern and central parts of the United States and naturalized in Canada, the western United States, Mesoamerica, South America, South Africa and eastern Australia. [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] Under natural conditions, it is found in open woodlands, prairies, plains, glades, meadows, and savannas. [4]
Introduced to Japan and China as an ornamental species and later used extensively in greenification projects, particularly along river banks and railways, Coreopsis lanceolata is now known to be outcompeting native plant life and has since 2006 been labeled an invasive species by the Invasive Alien Species Act. The cultivation, transplantation, sale, or purchase of Coreopsis lanceolata is now prohibited and the plant has become the subject of a nationwide destruction campaign, even earning a spot on the Ecological Society of Japan's 100 Worst Invasive Species list. [14] [15] [16] [17] The species is also considered an invasive weed in Eastern Australia. [18]
Flowers bloom April to June. [4] Many insects are attracted to the plant's nectar and pollen, including bees, wasps, butterflies, moths, flies, and beetles. [7] Birds and small mammals eat the achenes. [19] The plant can spread to form colonies. [7]
Coreopsis lanceolata is useful for pollinator restoration in large urban cities, providing a food source for animals that drink the nectar and/or eat the seed. The plant should not be over watered as it will flop over. It may be restricted by growing in containers or in lawns that tend to be mowed. It requires little maintenance, although deadheading is beneficial.
It prefers a sandy, well-drained soil. [2] Heavy, clay-based soil retains moisture in winter months, which can kill many species. However, because C. lanceolata is rhizomatous (having underground stems), it is well-adapted to withstand extremes in soil moisture (both wet and dry). Adding compost to heavy soil can improve drainage as can creating a mounded bed, allowing the planting area to shed rain faster than the ground around it. It thrives in full sun (4–6 hours of direct sunlight per day).
Coreopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Common names include calliopsis and tickseed, a name shared with various other plants.
Bidens frondosa is a North American species of flowering plant in the aster family, Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of Canada, the United States, and Mexico It is known in many other parts of the world as an introduced species, including Europe, Asia, Morocco, and New Zealand. Its many common names include devil's beggarticks, devil's-pitchfork, devil's bootjack, sticktights, bur marigold, pitchfork weed, tickseed sunflower, leafy beggarticks, and common beggar-ticks.
Plains coreopsis, garden tickseed, golden tickseed, or calliopsis, Coreopsis tinctoria, is an annual forb. The plant is common in Canada, northeast Mexico, and much of the United States, especially the Great Plains and Southern states where it is often called "calliopsis." The species is also widely cultivated and naturalized in China.
Calendula officinalis, the pot marigold, common marigold, ruddles, Mary's gold or Scotch marigold, is a flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is probably native to southern Europe, though its long history of cultivation makes its precise origin unknown, and it may possibly be of garden origin. It is also widely naturalised farther north in Europe and elsewhere in warm temperate regions of the world.
Emilia sonchifolia, also known as lilac tasselflower or cupid's shaving brush, is tropical flowering species of tasselflower in the sunflower family. It is widespread in tropical regions around the world, apparently native to Asia and naturalized in Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands.
Coreopsis auriculata, the lobed tickseed or mouse-ear tickseed, is a North American plant species of the family Asteraceae. It is native to the southeastern and east-central United States, from Louisiana east to the Florida Panhandle and as far north as Kentucky, Maryland, and West Virginia.
Coreopsis grandiflora is a North American species of perennial plant in the family Asteraceae. The common name is large-flowered tickseed. It is found in eastern Canada and much of the United States, especially the south-central part of the country. The species is widely cultivated in China and naturalized there.
Coreopsis tripteris is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is widespread across much of eastern and central North America from the Florida Panhandle west as far as eastern Texas and north to Québec and Ontario. Its common names include tall tickseed, tall coreopsis, and Atlantic coreopsis.
Coreopsis verticillata is a North American species of tickseed in the sunflower family. It is found primarily in the east-central United States, from Maryland south to Georgia, with isolated populations as far west as Oklahoma and as far north as Québec and Ontario. The common names are whorled tickseed, whorled coreopsis, thread-leaved tickseed, thread leaf coreopsis, and pot-of-gold.
Coreopsis gladiata, the coastalplain tickseed, is a North American species of perennial tickseeds in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the southeastern United States from eastern Texas to southeastern Virginia, primarily to the coastal plain.
Coreopsis bigelovii is a species of flowering plant in the daisy or sunflower family, Asteraceae, with the common names Bigelow coreopsis and Bigelow's tickseed. It is endemic to California.
Coreopsis maritima, the sea dahlia, is a species of tickseed in the sunflower family.
Coreopsis stillmanii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Stillman's tickseed. It is endemic to California, where it grows in the Central Valley and most of the adjacent coastal and inland mountain ranges in California chaparral and woodlands habitats. It is found east of San Francisco Bay and on the eastern side of the Central Valley.
Coreopsis calliopsidea is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family known by the common name leafstem tickseed. It is endemic to California. The plant grows in some of the southern coastal mountain ranges and Transverse Ranges and the Mojave Desert from Alameda and Inyo Counties south to Riverside County.
Coreopsis leavenworthii, or Leavenworth's tickseed, is an annual or short lived perennial plant species in the family Asteraceae. It is often grouped within Coreopsis tinctoria which it resembles.
Lactuca canadensis is a species of wild lettuce known by the common names Canada lettuce, Canada wild lettuce, and tall lettuce. Its true native range is not clear, but it is considered to be a native of the eastern and central parts of North America. It naturalized in the western part of the continent as well as in Eurasia.
Coreopsis douglasii is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name Douglas' tickseed. It is native to California from Santa Clara County to San Diego County, as well as from Mohave County in Arizona.
Pyrrocoma lanceolata is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name lanceleaf goldenweed. It is native to western North America from central Canada to northeastern California to Colorado, where it grows in many types of habitat, including disturbed places and areas with wet, alkali soils. It is a widespread and variable plant. It is a perennial herb growing one or more stems up to about half a meter long. The stems are decumbent or upright, reddish, usually somewhat hairy to quite woolly, and glandular toward the ends of the stems. The largest leaves are at the base of the plant, each measuring up to 30 centimeters in maximum length. They are generally lance-shaped with sawtoothed edges. The inflorescence bears several, up to 50, flower heads lined with reddish to green phyllaries. Each contains yellow disc florets and ray florets. The fruit is an achene up to a centimeter long including its pappus.
Crepis tectorum, commonly referred to as the narrowleaf hawksbeard or narrow-leaved hawk's-beard, is an annual or winter annual plant between 30 and 100 centimetres in height. Originating in Siberia before being introduced to Canada in 1890, the narrowleaf hawksbeard's is an invasive species. Maintaining one branched, hairless and leafy stem during maturity, the narrowleaf hawksbeard has yellow leaves which are arranged in an alternate manner and less than 0.5 inches (13 mm) wide.
Arnica lanceolata is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, known by the common name clasping arnica or lanceleaf arnica. It has a disjunct (discontinuous) distribution in western North America and northeastern North America.