Corrective Services NSW

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Corrective Services NSW
Logo of Corrective Services NSW.svg
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Executive Agency overview
Formed1 October 2024 (as an independent agency)
Preceding agencies
TypeAgency
Jurisdiction Government of New South Wales
HeadquartersHenry Deane Building, 20 Lee Street, Haymarket, Sydney
Employees11,500 (2022)
Annual budgetA$2.2 billion (2022)
Minister responsible
Executive Agency executive
  • Leon Taylor, Acting Commissioner
Key document
Website https://correctiveservices.dcj.nsw.gov.au/

Corrective Services NSW (CSNSW) is an executive agency of the Government of New South Wales, Australia. CSNSW is responsible for the state's prisons and a range of programs for managing offenders in the community. The state has 36 prisons, 33 run by CSNSW and three privately operated. The agency traces its origins back to 1788, when New South Wales was founded as a penal colony.

Contents

The services provided include correctional centre custody of remand and sentenced inmates, parole, pre-sentence reports and advice to courts and releasing authorities, community service orders and other forms of community-based offender supervision. Offenders in custody and those supervised in the community are assessed for relevant interventions to reduce their risks of re-offending. Corrective Services NSW works in partnership with other government and non-government justice and human services agencies in regard to inmates in custody and offenders in the community.

The agency head office is located in the City of Sydney. [1]

Legislation

CSNSW's operations are governed by a number of State laws, chief among them the Crimes (Administration of Sentences) Act 1999. Other relevant laws include the Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW), Crimes Act 1900 No 40 (NSW), Crimes (Interstate Transfer of Community Based Sentences) Act 2004 (NSW), Protected Disclosures Act 1994 No 92 (NSW), Summary Offences Act 1988 No 25 (NSW), Prisoners (Interstate Transfer) Act 1982 No 104 (NSW), and Parole Orders (Transfer) Act 1983 No 190 (NSW).

Structure

CSNSW is an independent executive agency, headed by Acting Commissioner Leon Taylor, who reports directly to the Minister for Corrections, Anoulack Chanthivong. [2] Corrective Services NSW is further divided into three branches, each headed by a deputy commissioner:

CSNSW was formally a division of the Department of Communities and Justice, under which the Commissioner would report to the Secretary of the Department, who in turn reported to the Minister.

CSNSW does not administer youth detention centres, which continue to be administered by Youth Justice NSW, as a division of the Department of Communities and Justice. [3]

Facilities

FacilityOperatorSecurity ClassificationOpened
Amber Laurel Correctional CentreCSNSWIntake and transit facility in Western Sydney
Bathurst Correctional Complex CSNSWMixed-security facility for male offenders1888
Broken Hill Correctional Centre CSNSWMedium and minimum-security facility for male and female offenders1892
Cessnock Correctional Complex CSNSWComplex houses:
  • Cessnock Correctional Centre – minimum- and medium-security facility for male offenders
  • Hunter Correctional Centre – maximum-security facility for male offenders
  • Shortland Correctional Centre – maximum security facility for male offenders
1974
Clarence Correctional Centre, Grafton SercoMaximum- and minimum-security correctional centre for male and female offenders2020
Compulsory Drug Treatment Correctional CentreCSNSWHouses participants sentenced to a Compulsory Drug Treatment Order
Cooma Correctional Centre CSNSWMinimum- and medium-security facility
Emu Plains Correctional Centre                             CSNSWMinimum-security facility for female offenders
Glen Innes Correctional Centre                             CSNSWMinimum-security facility for male offenders
Goulburn Correctional Centre CSNSWIncorporates two correctional facilities
  • Goulburn Correctional Centre – Maximum/minimum security institution for male offenders
  • High Risk Management Correctional Centre – purpose-built maximum-security facility for male offenders
Francis Greenway Correctional Complex, Berkshire Park

(Formerly John Morony Correctional Complex)

CSNSWIncorporates three correctional facilities:
  • John Morony Correctional Centre, a maximum/medium security correctional centre for remand and sentenced male offenders
  • Geoffrey Pearce Correctional Centre (formerly Outer Metro Multi Purpose Correctional Centre), a minimum security correctional centre for males
  • Dillwynia Correctional Centre, a maximum security correctional centre for female offenders
Junee Correctional Centre GEO Group Mixed-security correctional centre for male offenders
Kariong Correctional CentreCSNSWAn intake and transit centre for classified inmates transitioning between Sydney and the NSW north coast
Kirkconnell Correctional Centre CSNSWMinimum-security facility for male offenders
Lithgow Correctional Centre CSNSWMaximum-security facility for male offenders
Long Bay Correctional Complex, Matraville CSNSWIncorporates two facilities:
  • Long Bay Hospital – a maximum to minimum security facility for medical and psychiatric cases, and remandees
  • Metropolitan Special Programs Centre (MSPC) – a maximum/minimum security facility
Macquarie Correctional Centre                               CSNSWMaximum-security facility for male offenders
Mannus Correctional Centre                                   CSNSWMinimum-security facility for male offenders
Mary Wade Correctional CentreCSNSWMinimum-security facility for male offenders2017
Mid North Coast Correctional Centre, Kempsey CSNSWMaximum-, medium- and minimum- security centre for male and female offenders2004
Oberon Correctional Centre                                   CSNSWMinimum-security facility for male offenders
Parklea Correctional CentreMTC/BroadspectrumHouses remand, minimum- and maximum-security inmates
Silverwater Correctional Complex, Silverwater CSNSWIncorporates three facilities:
  • Silverwater Women's Correctional Centre a maximum security institution for women and the major reception centre for female offenders in NSW.
  • Metropolitan Remand & Reception Centre (MRRC) a maximum security correctional facility for men
  • Dawn de Loas Correctional Centre Area 1 & 2 is a minimum security correctional centre for men.
South Coast Correctional Centre, Nowra CSNSWHouses male offenders with minimum, medium and maximum-security areas2010
St Heliers Correctional Centre                               CSNSWMinimum-security institution for male offenders
Tamworth Correctional Centre                               CSNSWMedium security facility for male offenders
Wellington Correctional CentreCSNSWHouses maximum security inmates

History

NSW established gaols in Berrima (1836), Cockatoo Island (1839), Darlinghurst (1841), Parramatta (1842), Maitland (1848), and (site of the current Four Seasons hotel located) in The Rocks and later in Goulburn (1884), Bathurst (1888), Broken Hill Correctional Centre (1892) in the state's far west, Long Bay (1909) as the State Reformatory for Women, and Emu Plains (1914). [4] In more recent years, correctional centres (as they are now known) have opened at Parklea (1983), Cessnock, Junee (1993), Lithgow, Silverwater (1997), Brewarrina (2000), John Morony Correctional Centre and Dillwynia Women's Correctional Centre in north-west Sydney, Kempsey (2004), Wellington (2007), and Nowra (2010). [5]

Early years (1788–1874)

Great Britain started the European settlement of the Colony of New South Wales in 1788, establishing a penal colony at what is now Sydney. The incentive to establishment the colony came from the conclusion (1783) of the American War of Independence, which forced Britain to find ways of dealing with criminals other than transporting them to North America. The initial settlement at Sydney Cove in Port Jackson involved housing convicts in tents, guarded by marines. Further convict shipments followed, and a surge of convicts arrived in Sydney after the Napoleonic Wars ended in 1815. Convicts worked for pay and, where good behaviour was demonstrated, could be assigned to masters. Chain gangs operated from 1826 up until transportation ended in 1840. [5]

In the colony's early years, prisons and executions were managed first by the provost marshal, a military officer, and then, from 1824, by the sheriff.

List of provost marshals and sheriffs

NameTitleAppointed byTerm startTerm endTerm duration
Henry Brewer Provost Marshal Governor Arthur Phillip 26 January 1788February 17968 years, 6 days
Thomas Smyth Provost MarshalGovernor John Hunter February 179620 December 18048 years, 323 days
Garnham Blaxcell Acting Provost MarshalGovernor Philip Gidley King 20 December 18041 August 1805224 days
William Gore Provost Marshal Colonial Secretary Robert Stewart 1 August 18058 March 181913 years, 219 days
John Thomas Campbell Provost MarshalGovernor Lachlan Macquarie 8 March 1819January 18244 years, 299 days
John Mackaness Sheriff Colonial Secretary Henry Bathurst January 1824November 1827
William CarterSheriff Attorney-General Alexander Baxter 18281828
Thomas Macquoid SheriffAttorney-General Alexander Baxter18291841
Adolphus William Young SheriffAttorney-General John Plunkett 18431849
Gilbert EliotSheriffAttorney-General John Plunkett18491854
John O'Neill Brenan SheriffAttorney-General John Plunkett18551860
George Richard Uhr SheriffAttorney-General John Hargrave 18611864
Harold Maclean SheriffAttorney-General James Martin 18641874

Departments of Prisons (1874–1970) and Corrective Services (1970–8)

The colony established its first Department of Prisons in 1874, with Sheriff Harold Maclean appointed as the first Comptroller-General.

The Department changed its name to 'Corrective Services' in 1970, and McGeechan's title changed to Commissioner. Eight years later, the Wran Government accepted the Royal Commission's recommendation that the post of commissioner be abolished in favour of a three-person Corrective Services Commission.

List of comptrollers-general

NameTitleAppointed byTerm startTerm endTerm duration
Harold Maclean Comptroller-GeneralIncumbent1874188915 years, 0 days
George MillerComptroller-General Justice Minister Albert Gould 8 January 189018965 years, 358 days
William Neitenstein [6] [7] [8] Comptroller-GeneralJustice Minister Albert Gould22 June 189617 September 190913 years, 87 days
WM McFarlane [9] Comptroller-GeneralJustice Minister John Garland 1 March 191029 April 19144 years, 59 days
Samuel McCauley [10] [11] Comptroller-GeneralJustice Minister David Hall 29 April 191419 December 19195 years, 234 days
Denis Gaynor D'ArcyComptroller-GeneralJustice Minister Jack FitzGerald 31 December 19192 February 19222 years, 33 days
William Urquhart [12] Comptroller-GeneralJustice Minister William McKell 8 February 192217 May 19253 years, 98 days
HH McDougall [13] Comptroller-GeneralJustice Minister Thomas Ley 17 May 192524 June 192538 days
George Steele [14] Comptroller-GeneralJustice Minister William McKell24 June 192531 December 19272 years, 190 days
William Francis Hinchy [15] Comptroller-GeneralJustice Minister John Lee 3 January 192831 January 194012 years, 28 days
George F. MurphyComptroller-General Attorney-General Henry Manning 31 January 194031 July 19477 years, 181 days
Leslie Cecil Joshua Nott [16] Comptroller-GeneralJustice Minister Reg Downing 31 July 194730 June 19568 years, 335 days
Harold Richard VaggComptroller-GeneralJustice Minister Reg Downing20 July 19569 August 19604 years, 20 days
John Arthur MoronyComptroller-GeneralJustice Minister Reg Downing9 August 196014 July 19687 years, 340 days
Walter McGeechanComptroller-GeneralAttorney-General Ken McCaw 15 July 196818 January 19789 years, 187 days

Post-Nagle Royal Commission (1978–2009)

The Government appointed academic Tony Vinson as the chairman of the new Corrective Services Commission. Vinson implemented many of the Royal Commission recommendations, but by 1981 found himself in conflict with the officers' union, the Public Service Association. The Government backed the union in the dispute, and Vinson retired to academia. The tenure of his replacement, Vern Dalton, was memorable for a corruption scandal that saw the Minister for Corrections, Rex Jackson, sentenced to 10 years' gaol for corruption.

Labor, tarnished by this and other scandals, was swept from office in 1988: the Liberal–Nationals coalition that replaced them campaigned on a 'tough on crime' platform. Dalton was moved to a different department and the Corrective Services Commission was abolished in favour of a single director-general on 9 August 1988. The first director-general was former police officer Angus Graham.

In October 1991 the department was restructured, with its juvenile justice responsibilities being transferred to a separate agency and Graham's title changed to Commissioner. [17]

List of commissioners and directors-general

NameTitleAppointed byTerm startTerm endTerm duration
Leslie Kenneth DownsActing Commissioner Attorney-General Frank Walker 18 January 197819 June 1978152 days
Leslie Kenneth DownsAssociate CommissionerAttorney-General Frank Walker19 June 197815 November 1978149 days
Noel Stanley DayCommissionerAttorney-General Frank Walker19 June 197819 March 1979273 days
Dr Phillippe Anthony Vinson Chairman and Commissioner Corrections Minister Bill Haigh 19 March 19796 October 19812 years, 201 days
Noel Stanley DayDeputy Chairman and CommissionerCorrections Minister Bill Haigh19 March 197919 March 19869 years, 143 days
Arnold Victor BaileyCommissionerCorrections Minister Bill Haigh19 March 197919 March 19869 years, 143 days
Dr John Victor Temple EllardCommissioner (part-time)Corrections Minister Bill Haigh19 March 197919 March 19869 years, 143 days
Francis Daniel HayesCommissioner (part-time)Corrections Minister Bill Haigh19 March 197919 March 19869 years, 143 days
Vern DaltonChairman and CommissionerCorrections Minister Rex Jackson 198122 August 1988
Stanley MillerCommissioner (part-time)Corrections Minister John Akister 19 March 198622 August 1988
Dr Glenice Kay HancockCommissionerCorrections Minister John Akister1 December 198622 August 1988
Dr Susan Carol HayesCommissioner (part-time)Corrections Minister John Akister1 December 198622 August 1988
David John Robert GrantDeputy Chairman and CommissionerCorrections Minister John Akister27 January 198722 August 1988
Noel Stanley DayActing Director-GeneralCorrections Minister Michael Yabsley 22 August 19888 March 1989
Angus GrahamDirector-GeneralCorrections Minister Michael Yabsley8 March 198910 October 19912 years, 216 days
Angus Graham [17] CommissionerJustice Minister Terry Griffiths10 October 1991
Neville SmethurstCommissioner26 August 1996
Dr Leo KeliherCommissionerAttorney-General Jeff Shaw 26 August 19962002
Ron WoodhamCommissionerCorrections Minister Richard Amery 20022009

Corrective Services New South Wales (2009–2024)

As part of a broader consolidation of government departments in 2009, the Department of Corrective Services was merged with the departments of the Attorney-General and Juvenile Justice in 2009. Corrective Services New South Wales became a division of what is now known as the Department of Justice, with Woodham retaining his role as Commissioner. Liberal Attorney-General Greg Smith replaced Woodham with Peter Severin, the head of South Australia's prison service, in 2012.

The NSW prison population has doubled in the last two decades, from 7810 inmates in 1998 to 13,722 in 2018. [18] Females account for 8% (1040) of the prisoner population in NSW and 24.7% (3300) of inmates are Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The annual expenditure on prisons in NSW in 2018 was $1.16 billion, and the average cost per prisoner per day is $188. [19]

In terms of performance indicators, in 2018 Corrective Services NSW prisons were below average for Australian states and territories for recidivism (51% at two years), assaults (25 per 100 prisoners), deaths in custody (0.07/100 prisoners), participation in education and training (22%), time out of cells (8 hours/day) and prison capacity utilisation (129%).

In 2019, Corrective Services set a target to reduce adult prison inmate reoffending by 5 per cent by 2023. [20] The prisoner population of NSW is estimated to rise to by 550 inmates a year to 16,402 within five years. [21] In response to prisoner number growth, Corrective Services NSW launched a $3.8 billion program for building new prison capacity in 2016. [22]

The Incident Response Team (IRT) is the Riot Squad of Corrective Services NSW. IRT officers are equipped with ballistic vests, helmets with visors, arm and leg guards, capsicum spray, an ASP baton, and flex-cuffs. The grenade launchers issued can fire CS gas or baton rounds.

The Security Operations Group (SOG) is the Corrective Services NSW tactical group. They were formed as the "Emergency Squad," named after the NSW Police Emergency Squad. Long Bay Gaol Emergency Squad were active in riot control at the facility. The group was then renamed the Hostage Rescue Team (HRT) in 2009. [23] HRT did not have riot control responsibilities. HRT's roles were limited hostage rescue until the NSW Police Force Tactical Operations Unit arrived. The team was renamed the Security Operations Group (SOG) The Group's responsibilities include armed escorts of high risk inmates, armed patrols of high security facilities, and responding to armed inmates. SOG are trained to rescue hostages if necessary, although procedure is to cordon and contain for the NSW Police Tactical Operations Unit. SOG operators escort high risk inmates in unmarked, armoured four wheel drives. The main rifle used is the SIG MCX assault rifle. The Heckler and Koch UMP submachinegun is utilized, with the Glock 22 as a sidearm.

List of corrective services commissioners

NameTitleAppointed byTerm startTerm endTerm duration
Ron WoodhamCommissioner Corrections Minister Richard Amery 2002201210 years
Peter SeverinCommissioner Attorney-General Greg Smith 201220219 years
Kevin Corcoran PSMCommissioner Anthony Roberts, Minister for Counter Terrorism and Corrections 202120242 years
Leon TaylorActing CommissionerSecretary of the Department of Communities and Justice27 November 2023

Corrective Services NSW (2024–present)

Following the Astill Inquiry, formed to inquire into the offending of former correctional officer Wayne Astill at the Dillwynia Women's Correctional Centre, which exposed systemic culture and organisational issues within Corrective Services New South Wales, [24] [25] the Labor Premier Chris Minns announced that the service would be split from the Department of Communities and Justice and become its own executive agency, responsible directly to the Minister for Corrections. [25] The Premier's decision was motivated by desires to create a more "accountable and transparent system". The Premier stated that the move would bring CSNSW in line with frontline agencies such as Fire and Rescue New South Wales. [25] [26]

NameTitleAppointed ByTerm startTerm endTerm duration
Leon TaylorActing CommissionerSecretary of the Department of Communities and Justice (under previous department)27 November 2023

See also

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References

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  2. Administrative Arrangements (Administrative Changes—Corrective Services NSW) Order 2024 (NSW). 14 August 2024. Commenced 1 October 2024.
  3. Children (Detention Centres) Act 1987 (NSW). As amended at 19 February 2024.
  4. "Chronology - A History of Australian Prison Reform". Four Corners. Australia: Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7 November 2005. Archived from the original on 21 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
  5. 1 2 "History of NSW Corrections". Corrective Services NSW. 2008. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
  6. Garton, Stephen (1986). "Frederick William Neitenstein (1850–1921)". Australian Dictionary of Biography . Vol. 10. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN   978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN   1833-7538. OCLC   70677943.
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  8. "Captain Neitenstein". The Inverell Times. 17 September 1909.
  9. "New comptroller-general of prisons". Sunday Times (Sydney). 6 March 1910.
  10. "New comptroller of prisons: Mr McCauley appointed". Tamworth Daily Observer. 29 April 1914.
  11. "Comptroller of prisons dead". The Riverine Grazier. 19 December 1919.
  12. "Comptroller-General of prisons". The Maitland Daily Mercury. 8 February 1922.
  13. "Mr MacDougall's further rise". Cootamundra Herald. 14 May 1925.
  14. "Prisons chief: Mr George Steele comptroller". Northern Star (Lismore). 24 June 1925.
  15. "New prison chief: Mr WF Hinchy succeeds Mr Steele". Evening News (Sydney). 3 January 1928.
  16. "Prisons head to retire". The Sydney Morning Herald. 16 July 1947.
  17. 1 2 "Corrections shake-up: plan to cut 100 administrative jobs". The Canberra Times. 10 October 1991.
  18. NSW Inmate and Community Offender Census
  19. Report on Government Services 2019 - Corrections
  20. Reducing Reoffending
  21. NSW Budget Estimates: Minister for Corrections
  22. NSW Budget 2016: $3.8 billion for new jail capacity to cover surge in prison population
  23. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8PHudTlvqE [ bare URL ]
  24. "Special Commission of Inquiry into offending by former Corrections Officer Wayne Astill at Dillwynia Correctional Centre | NSW Government". www.nsw.gov.au. Office of The Cabinet (New South Wales). 2024-02-14. Retrieved 2024-10-07.
  25. 1 2 3 "NSW Corrective Services to become standalone agency". Government News. 19 August 2024. Retrieved 2024-10-07.
  26. "Building a more accountable corrective services system". NSW Government Website. 16 August 2024.