Villawood Immigration Detention Centre

Villawood IDC.

Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, originally Villawood Migrant Hostel or Villawood Migrant Centre, split into a separate section named Westbridge Migrant Hostel from 1968 to 1984, is an Australian immigration detention facility located in the suburb of Villawood in Sydney, Australia.

Built in 1949 to accommodate post-war refugees from Europe, a section of the original camp was converted into an immigration detention centre in 1976.

History

Villawood Migrant Hostel

The site of the detention centre was previously known as the Villawood Migrant Hostel or Villawood Migrant Centre, built in 1949 to house migrants from post-war Europe to work in local industries. ^{[1] [2]} The centre was run by Commonwealth Hostels Ltd, a non-profit company. By 1964 the centre housed 1,425 people, mainly from Britain and Europe. ^[3] By 1969 it was the largest migrant hostel in Australia, and was at that time housing migrants from Britain, The Netherlands, Denmark, West Germany, France, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Turkey. ^[4] In 1968 the centre was divided into two sections, one named the Villawood Migrant Hostel and the other named the Westbridge Migrant Hostel, which operated until 1984. ^[3]

Conversion to a detention centre

In 1976 a small section of the hostel was converted to provide security accommodation for persons awaiting deportation. This new section was named the Villawood Immigration Detention Centre. ^{[3] [5]}

In 2001 the Villawood Immigration Detention Centre was the subject of controversy when 40 asylum seekers escaped. A month later, a Four Corners documentary, "The Inside Story", revealed the plight of six-year-old Iranian refugee Shayan Bedraie, who had been refusing to speak or eat. Shayan and his family had been detained at Woomera IRPC for 11 months and Villawood IDC for at least 6 months, and had witnessed a number of riots and self-harm incidents. He was periodically taken to hospital to be drip-fed and rehydrated, and then returned to detention. ^[6]

Protesters at the detention centre as of 22 April 2011.

Management of the centre was outsourced to private company G4S Australia from 2003 to 2009. ^[7]

In January 2008, the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC) said the high-security section of Villawood Detention Centre was the "most prison like" of all Australia's immigration detention centres, and demanded it be closed immediately. The HREOC described the infrastructure as dilapidated, and conditions inside the detention centre as "harsh and inhospitable". ^[8]

Early in the morning of Thursday 21 April 2011, the centre was set alight by detainees. ^[9]

In 2020 the centre adopted various measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, but human rights organisations including HREOC have called upon the Australian Government to allow detainees to release detainees into the community to better protect themselves against COVID-19, as social distancing is not possible in the centre. ^[10]

In November 2023, a Serco employee was criminally charged during a corruption investigation into drug trafficking. An investigation into conditions in Australia’s privately run centres found detainees are openly growing marijuana plants in their rooms at Sydney’s Villawood detention centre, as Australian Border Force conceded drug and alcohol use have led to violent and dangerous conditions. ^[11]

Deaths at the Detention Centre

• In July 2001, Avion Gumede, a thirty-year-old South African male, committed suicide hours after being detained in Villawood. ^[12]
• In September 2001, Puangthong Simaplee, a twenty-seven-year-old Thai national, was found deceased at the centre. She had been sold to traffickers when she was 12, smuggled to Australia on a false passport, and forced to work in a brothel.  At the time of her arrest she was a heroin addict.  On entering immigration detention she went into withdrawal, received inadequate medical treatment, and died three days later. ^[13] In 2010 the Australian government made an ex-gratia payment to Simaplee's parents, accepting vicarious liability for her treatment whilst in migration detention.
• In February 2002, Thi Hang Le, a Vietnamese national, committed suicide by jumping from the balcony from which she had twice previously attempted suicide. She had been discharged from a psychiatric unit days before, and had not taken her medication. [14]
• In August 2004, Marc Lao Thao, a French man in his seventies who had been held at Villawood detention centre, died of a brain hemorrhage. A visitor to the detention centre told the Inquiry into his death that: "When I saw Marc he had just been operated on for a hernia and was back from hospital. The younger detainees worried about him because he was vomiting every night. Marc was taken to the hospital only when he collapsed. I went to see him in Liverpool Hospital. There were two guards to look after an unconscious sick man. He never regained consciousness and died the next day" ^[15]
• In January 2008, Pishevaraz Khodaverdi died of heart failure after collapsing on the steps of St George Private Hospital on his way to an appointment there two days earlier. Mr Khodzverdi had been held in Villawood for the previous three months after being assessed as unfit to be deported. ^[16]
• In January 2008, a sixty-two-year-old Iranian man known as Mr Fashovar, was found dead due to a heart condition. ^[17]
• In September 2010, thirty-six year old Fijian national, Josefa Rauluni, committed suicide by jumping off a roof at Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, Sydney, hours before he was to be deported. ^[18]
• In November 2010, forty-year-old Iraqi national, Ahmad al-Akabi, committed suicide. Mr Al Akabi's bid for asylum had been rejected twice in the previous year. The room in which he has been kept was described as ''purpose-built for the purpose of death'' by the Department of Immigration's own safety advisory head. ^[19]
• In December 2010, David Saunders, a twenty-nine-year-old British national, committed suicide. ^[20]
• In September 2011, a Sri Lankan man known as 'Shooty', committed suicide at the centre. He had been had been in detention for just over two years and had been accepted as a refugee about seven months ago, but was waiting for a security assessment. ^[21]
• In February 2012, Ali Rahimi, a forty-four-year-old Iranian national, died in hospital of heart attack, possibly caused by anxiety suffered after time in detention at Villawood and repeated rejection of asylum claim. ^[22] Refugee activist Ian Rintoul said the man was Iranian and had fled his home country in 2010 after being arrested and jailed for participating in pro-democracy protests. He arrived in Australia by plane in April 2010 and had been in detention since then. Mr Rintoul said the man had a wife and two children in Iran and a cousin in Australia. ^[23]
• In June 2013, Ali Ahmad Jafari, a 26-year-old Afghan man, died of a heart attack. His mother took him and his siblings to Quetta in Pakistan when he was 10 after his father was suspected to have been killed by the Taliban. He later sought asylum in the UK but was deported back to Afghanistan in 2009, apparently because his grounds for protection were deemed to be insufficient. Then he fled to Australia and arrived on Christmas Island in 2010, saying he had been beaten by the Taliban. His claim for asylum was rejected and he appealed the decision. He had spent most of the past three years in detention. According to refugee advocates, the Immigration Department allowed Mr Jafari to live in the community in February 2012. But seven months later he was detained again at Villawood. ^[24]
• In April 2016, a 42-year-old man named Rob Peihopa, from New Zealand, died of a heart attack after he was involved in a fight. Mr Peihopa, who moved to Australia in 1989, served two years in prison for his involvement in a police chase but on the day of his release he was picked up by immigration officers after his visa was cancelled. At the time, Mr Peihopa had feared he would be deported back to New Zealand, leaving behind his three sons. ^[25]
• In January 2019, Moses Kellie ('Musa'), a man in his 30s from Sierra Leone was found dead at the detention centre. He had entered Australia on a humanitarian visa. The police have stated his death does not appear suspicious. ^[26]
• In March 2019, 25 year old, Iraqi male committed suicide in Villawood Detention Centre. His death is being investigated. ^[27]
• In March 2019, Milad Aljaberi, a twenty-five-year-old Iraqi male, died of a suspected drug overdose of crystal methamphetamine while at Villawood. ^[28]
• In December 2020, a twenty-nine-year-old Malaysian man known only as Muhammad, was found deceased at the centre. No further details have been made public. ^[29]
• In March 2022, a male, a Kurd from Iran, committed suicide after being bullied by other detainees and the refusal of staff to transfer him out of the high-security compound. ^[30]
• In May 2022, a woman from woman New Zealand with mental health difficulties was found deceased from suicide. She had allegedly been denied her request of medication by Serco detention officers. ^[31]
• In 2023 another man detained at the centre died in what is believed to be a suicide. The man in his thirties, originally from Iraq, was found lifeless in his cell after living at the centre for five years. ^[32]
• In June 2023, an African man died from a drug overdose at the center. He was a humanitarian refugee with a wife and family in Australia, but whose permanent visa had been cancelled because he had breached covid restrictions. ^[33]
• In 2023 another man detained at the centre died in what is believed to be a suicide. The man, originally from Iraq, was found lifeless in his cell after living at the centre for five years. ^[34]

Description

Villawood Detention Centre is located at 15 Birmingham Avenue, Villawood. ^[35]

It houses a mix of asylum seekers, people who have overstayed their visas and Section 501 detainees who have had their visas cancelled following criminal convictions and are awaiting deportation after serving prison sentences. At 31 May 2021 it held 485 people including 278 Section 501 visa cancellations, 74 asylum seekers who arrived by boat, and 133 detainees in other categories. ^[36]

People refused entry into the country at international airports and seaports may also be detained there. ^[37] The centre has been the focus of much controversy, with accusations of human rights abuses. ^[38]

Since 2009 the centre has been managed by private prison company Serco. ^{[7] [38] [39]} with the Australian Border Force, an agency of the Department of Immigration and Border Protection, responsible for the welfare of the detainees. ^[35]

See also

• List of Australian immigration detention facilities
• We Can Be Heroes: Finding The Australian of the Year

References

1. "FIRM'S OWN HOSTEL AT VILLAWOOD". The Biz . 23 June 1949. p. 10. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
2. "Bathurst Migrant Camp". NSW Migration Heritage Centre. A Place For Everyone – Bathurst Migrant Camp 1948-1952 [exhibition]. 2011. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
3. Dunn, Mark (2010). "Villawood detention centre [history of site]". Dictionary of Sydney . Retrieved 15 February 2017.
4. "New look for Australia's biggest migrant hostel". The Good Neighbour . No. 181. Australian Capital Territory. 1 February 1969. p. 4. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
5. "Villawood Immigration Detention Centre in Sydney (NSW)", Department of Immigration and Citizenship, retrieved 25 April 2013
6. Whitmont, Debbie (27 August 2001). "The Inside Story". Four Corners. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 27 August 2001. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
7. Joint Select Committee on Australia’s Immigration Detention Network (12 April 2012). "Chapter 3: The Department's administration of its contract with Serco". Final Report. Parliament of Australia (Report). ISBN   978-1-74229-611-1 . Retrieved 1 September 2021. PDF
8. "Villawood targeted as worst in country". The Sydney Morning Herald . 10 January 2008. Retrieved 10 January 2008.
9. "Villawood Detention Centre: Riots, Fire & Protests". The Sydney Morning Herald . 21 April 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
10. "Villawood Immigration Detention Centre, Sydney". Oxford Law Faculty. 4 June 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
11. Grieve, Charlotte (23 November 2023). "Serco officer charged as rampant drug use in detention centres exposed". The AGE.
12. "Balcony fall ended detainee's desperate life". The Sydney Morning Herald. 15 November 2002.
13. "Sold at 12: nightmare ends in death". The Sydney Morning Herald. 13 March 2003.
14. "Balcony fall ended detainee's desperate life". The Sydney Morning Herald. 15 November 2002.
15. "Supplementary Submission: The Justice Project Inc" (PDF). House Committee on Migration Detention, Parliament of Australia. 22 October 2008.
16. "Supplementary Submission: The Justice Project Inc" (PDF). House Committee on Migration Detention.
17. "Australian Border Deaths Database". Monash University.
18. "Australian Border Deaths Database". Monash University.
19. Duff, Eamonn (29 May 2011). "Detention centre room 'built for death'". The Sydney Morning Herald.
20. Sinclair, Joe (8 December 2010). "Briton found dead in Australian detention centre". The Independent.
21. Lion, Patrick (26 October 2011). "Refugee advocates slam mandatory detention after suicide at Villawood". The Advertiser.
22. "Australian Border Deaths Database". Monash University.
23. "Villawood asylum seeker dies". The Daily Telegraph. 27 February 2012.
24. Metherell, Lexi (21 June 2013). "Questions over asylum seeker's death at Villawood detention centre". ABC News.
25. Leask, Anna (28 November 2017). "Kiwi died in Australian detention centre following fight - Coroner". The New Zealand Herald.
26. Grieve, Charlotte (17 December 2023). "The deaths of Moses, Muhammad and a mother of two could still bring change". The AGE.
27. "Australian Border Deaths Database". Monash University.
28. Grieve, Charlotte (20 November 2023). "Detention centre operators ignored doctors, six days later Moses died". The AGE.
29. Al-Ghalib, Essam (20 December 2020). "Sister of man found dead at Villawood detention centre speaks out as vigil is held". SBS News.
30. Fitzsimmons, Caitlin (3 April 2022). "Authorities probing death of Villawood detainee". The Sydney Morning Herald.
31. Gillespie, Eden (24 May 2022). "New Zealand woman held in Villawood detention centre found dead, detainees say". The Guardian.
32. O'Mallon, Finbar (29 January 2023). "Man found dead in immigration detention". Illawarra Mercury.
33. "Overdose death at Villawood detention centre". Refugee Action Coalition. 30 June 2023.
34. "Iraqi man dies in suspected suicide at Villawood immigration detention centre". the Guardian. Australian Associated Press. 29 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
35. "Immigration detention in Australia". Australian Border Force . Retrieved 1 September 2021.
36. "Immigration Detention and Community Statistics Summary, 31 May 2021" (PDF). Department of Home Affairs. p. 8. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
37. "Villawood Immigration Detention Facility in Sydney (NSW) - Facilities - Detention Services". Immi.gov.au. 29 October 2008. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
38. Hassan, Mohamed (5 April 2016). "NZer dies in Australian detention centre". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
39. Australasian Centre for Corporate Responsibility (2019). "Submission: The role of private military and security companies in immigration and border management and the impact on the protection of the rights of all migrants" (PDF).

Further reading

• "Villawood Immigration Detention Centre in Australia". Global Detention Project. 25 May 2020.

External links

• Official website

33°52′28″S150°59′22″E / 33.874424°S 150.989571°E / -33.874424; 150.989571