Crepidula

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Crepidula
Crepidula neritoides (MNHN-IM-2000-31671).jpeg
Specimen of Crepidula neritoides
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Littorinimorpha
Superfamily: Calyptraeoidea
Family: Calyptraeidae
Genus: Crepidula
Lamarck, 1799 [1]
Type species
Patella fornicataLinnaeus, 1758
Synonyms [2]
  • Calyptraea (Syphopatella)Lesson, 1831
  • CryptaGray, 1847
  • Crypta (Ergaea)H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
  • Crypta (Ianacus)Mörch, 1852 · accepted, alternate representation
  • GarnotiaGray, 1857
  • IanacusMörch, 1852
  • SiphonipatellaAgassiz, 1847 (unjustified emendation of Syphopatella)
  • Siphopatella (incorrect subsequent spelling)
  • SyphopatellaLesson, 1831

Crepidula, commonly known as the slipper snails, slipper limpets, or slipper shells, is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Calyptraeidae. This family includes the slipper snails (Crepidula), hat snails ( Calyptraea ), spiny slipper snails ( Bostrycapulus ), and cup-and-saucer snails ( Crucibulum ) as well as Crepipatella , Siphopatella, Grandicrepidula, and Maoricrypta . [2]

Contents

These recent changes in the definition of Crepidula are based on both DNA sequence data as well as anatomical work. Dissections of various calyptraeids show that species that are now placed in Grandicrepidula and Maoricrypta are anatomically very different from the true Crepidula. If only the shells are examined this difference is not apparent. This distinction is supported by DNA sequence data from 3 genes (COI, 16S and 28S). [3]

The genus Crepidula is probably the best studied group within the calyptraeids. A variety of species are commonly used in developmental, ecological, and behavioral research. [4] They have been the major focus of research on protandrous sex-change in marine invertebrates and have been used to demonstrate that sex change is environmentally mediated (the timing of sex change depends on association with other individual snails). [5] [6] [7] Crepidula fornicata and Crepidula onyx are well-studied examples of invasive, exotic species in marine habitats. [8] [9]

Due to their simple shells and plastic morphology, calyptraeid taxonomy is challenging. In many cases distinct species with similar-looking shells have been lumped into a single species with either global or unusual distributions. In these cases close examination of the mode of development or of DNA data is vital to verify the species identity. Because such taxonomic lumping is difficult to clear from the internet or from the literature many species range estimates available on the internet include dubious data or data from species that have been taken out of synonymy.

Species

Crepidula walshi, now Siphopatella walshi Crepidula walshi 002.jpg
Crepidula walshi, now Siphopatella walshi
Crepidula immersa, now Maoricypta or Zeacrypta Crepidula immersa 002.jpg
Crepidula immersa, now Maoricypta or Zeacrypta

Species within the genus Crepidula include: [10] [11] [12]

Species brought into synonymy

Species that were previously placed in the genus Crepidula but have subsequently been removed from the genus on the basis of work by Bruce Marshall of the Te Papa Museum and Rachel Collin of the Smithsonian Institution include the following:

Now Maoricrypta:

Now Grandicrepidula:

Now Siphopatella:

Synonyms:

Ecology

Like all calyptraeids, slipper snails are sedentary filter-feeders. Adults use their large gill to capture microalgae from suspension, but there is some evidence that small juveniles can also use the radula to scrape algae from the substrate.

Introduced and invasive Crepidula species

Crepidula fornicata - Native to the east coast of North America and ranging from Florida north into Canada. This species is now widespread and considered highly invasive along the north coast of Spain and France, along much of England's coastline and into the North Sea. It has also been reported from San Francisco Bay, Puget Sound and the Mediterranean Sea.

Crepidula convexa - Native to the east coast of North America and ranging from South Carolina to New England. This species has been reported from Puget Sound and San Francisco Bay.

Crepidula onyx - Native to the Southern coast of California and northern Pacific coast of Mexico. This species is now widespread and considered highly invasive in Asia. It has been reported from Korea, Japan and Hong Kong.

Related Research Articles

<i>Tegula</i> (gastropod) Genus of small to medium-sized sea snails

Tegula is a genus of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Tegulidae.

<i>Thais</i> (gastropod) Genus of gastropods

Thais, sometimes known by the common names dog winkles or rock shells, is a genus of medium to large predatory sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calyptraeidae</span> Family of gastropods

The Calyptraeidae are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Capulidae</span> Family of gastropods

The Capulidae, the cap snails or cap shells, are a taxonomic family of limpet-like sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. Capulidae is the only family in the superfamily Capuloidea. According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) the family Capulidae has no subfamilies.

<i>Crepipatella</i> Genus of gastropods

Crepipatella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Calyptraeidae, the slipper snails and cup-and-saucer snails.

<i>Patella</i> (gastropod) Genus of gastropods

Patella is a genus of sea snails with gills, typical true limpets, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Patellidae, the true limpets.

<i>Cymbiola</i> Genus of gastropods

Cymbiola is a genus of large predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae, the volutes.

<i>Bufonaria</i> Genus of gastropods

Bufonaria is a genus of medium-large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Bursidae, the "frog snails".

<i>Hexaplex</i> Genus of gastropods

Hexaplex is a genus of medium-sized to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily muracinae of the family Muricidae, the murex shells or rock snails.

<i>Pyramidella</i> Genus of molluscs

Pyramidella is a genus of minute to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Pyramidellinae of the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

Bostrycapulus heteropoma is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae, the slipper snails or slipper limpets, cup-and-saucer snails, and Chinese hat snails.

Bostrycapulus latebrus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae, the slipper snails or slipper limpets, cup-and-saucer snails, and Chinese hat snails.

Bostrycapulus odites is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae, the slipper snails or slipper limpets, cup-and-saucer snails, and Chinese hat snails.

Bostrycapulus pritzkeri is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae, the slipper snails or slipper limpets, cup-and-saucer snails, and Chinese hat snails.

Bostrycapulus urraca is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae, the slipper snails or slipper limpets, cup-and-saucer snails, and Chinese hat snails.

<i>Crepidula porcellana</i> Species of gastropod

Crepidula porcellana, common name the slipper limpet, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae, the slipper snails or slipper limpets, cup-and-saucer snails, and Chinese hat snails.

<i>Crepidula unguiformis</i> Species of gastropod

Crepidula unguiformis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae, the slipper snails or slipper limpets, cup-and-saucer snails, and Chinese hat snails.

<i>Crepipatella dilatata</i> Species of gastropod

Crepipatella dilatata is a species of sea snail described by Lamarck. It is a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Calyptraeidae, the slipper snails or slipper limpets, cup-and-saucer snails, and hat snails.

<i>Calyptraea</i> Genus of gastropods

Calyptraea, commonly known as the Chinese hat snails is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Calyptraeidae, a family which contains the slipper snails or slipper limpets, cup-and-saucer snails, and Chinese hat snails.

<i>Cheilea</i> Genus of gastropods

Cheilea is a genus of small limpet-like sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Hipponicidae, the hoof snails.

References

  1. ↑ Lamarck J.B. (1799). Mém. Soc. Hist. nat. Paris 78.
  2. 1 2 Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2011). Crepidula Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137722 on 2011-05-21
  3. ↑ Collin, Rachel. 2003. The Utility of Morphological Characters in Gastropod Phylogenetics: An Example From the Calyptraeidae. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 4: 541–593
  4. ↑ Henry, Jonathan J.; Collin, Rachel; Perry, Kimberly J.. 2010. The Slipper Snail, Crepidula: An emerging Lophotrochozoan model system. Biological Bulletin, 218(3): 211-229.
  5. ↑ Mérot, Claire; Collin, Rachel. 2012. Effects of food availability on sex change in two species of Crepidula (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 449: 173-181.
  6. ↑ Collin, Rachel; McLellan, Michelle; Gruber, Karl F.; Bailey-Jourdain, Catherine. 2005. Effects of Conspecific Associations on Size at Sex Change in Three Species of Calyptraeid Gastropods. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1: 89-97.
  7. ↑ Collin, Rachel. 1995. Sex, size, and position: a test of models predicting size at sex change in the protandrous gastropod crepidula fornicata. The American Naturalist, 146(6): 815-831.
  8. ↑ Coe, Wesley R. 1948. Nutrition and sexuality in protandric gastropods of the genus Crepidula. Biol. Bul. 94(3): 158-160.
  9. ↑ Hendler, G. and D. R. Franz. 1971. Population dynamics and life history of Crepidula convexa Say (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) in Delaware Bay. Biol. Bul. 141: 514-526.
  10. ↑ Crepidula at ITIS
  11. ↑ Ross, Landon T. (1965). "The genus Crepidula in North America: its taxonomy, phylogeny, and distribution. unpublished Florida State Univ. thesis". Retrieved on May 2009.
  12. ↑ Crepidula at Discover Life
  13. ↑ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula aeola Dall, 1927. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532681 on 2011-01-11
  14. 1 2 Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula aplysioides Reeve, 1859. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532682 on 2011-01-11
  15. ↑ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula argentina Simone, Pastorino & Penchaszadeh, 2000. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532683 on 2011-01-11
  16. ↑ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula atrasolea Collin, 2000. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=419702 on 2011-01-11
  17. ↑ Collin, Rachel (2005). "Crepidula badisparsa sp. nov. (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) from Bocas del Toro Province, Panama". Caribbean Journal of Science . 41 (2): 269–276. hdl:10088/3833.
  18. ↑ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula cachimilla Cledon, Simone & Penchaszadeh, 2004. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=388656 on 2011-01-11
  19. ↑ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula carioca Simone, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389784 on 2011-01-11
  20. ↑ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula convexa Say, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160228 on 2011-01-11
  21. ↑ Bouchet, P. (2010). Crepidula coquimbensis Brown & Olivares, 1996. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=510048 on 2011-01-11
  22. ↑ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula cymbaeformis Conrad, 1844. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532684 on 2011-01-11
  23. ↑ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula depressa Say, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=419703 on 2011-01-11
  24. ↑ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138963 on 2011-01-11
  25. ↑ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula intratesta Simone, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389785 on 2011-01-12
  26. ↑ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula maculosa Conrad, 1846. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=419704 on 2011-01-12
  27. ↑ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula margarita Simone, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389786 on 2011-01-12
  28. ↑ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula moulinsii Michaud, 1829. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=180993 on 2011-01-12
  29. ↑ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula navicula (Mörch, 1877). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532685 on 2011-01-12
  30. ↑ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula onyx G. B. Sowerby I, 1824. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=397063 on 2011-01-12
  31. ↑ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula plana Say, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160230 on 2011-01-12
  32. ↑ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula porcellana (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138965 on 2011-01-12
  33. ↑ Rosenberg, G. (2010). Crepidula protea (d'Orbigny, 1841). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=532686 on 2011-01-12
  34. ↑ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula pyguaia Simone, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389787 on 2011-01-12
  35. ↑ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula unguiformis Lamarck, 1822. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138966 on 2011-01-12
  36. ↑ WoRMS (2010). Crepidula ustulatulina Collin, 2002. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=387736 on 2011-01-12
  37. ↑ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula gibbosa Defrance, 1818. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138964 on 2011-01-12
  38. ↑ Gofas, S. (2010). Crepidula grandis Middendorff, 1849. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=254469 on 2011-01-12
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