Cyrillization of Polish

Last updated

The Cyrillization of Polish has been practised in many forms and began in the mid-19th century in the Russian Empire. Between 1772 and 1815, the Russian Empire seized about four fifths of Poland-Lithuania, where Polish was the leading official language. Polish remained the official language of the incorporated Polish-Lithuanian territories until the late 1830s. Later, it was gradually replaced with Russian through the mid-1860s. A middle stage for the transition was the use of the Russian-style Cyrillic for writing Polish. [1]

Contents

Russian Cyrillization of Polish

The system of the Cyrillization of Polish, as employed in today's Russia, emerged during the 1970s in the postwar Soviet Union. It is a form of transcription. [2]

New Polish Cyrillic

Since the early 1990s Polish-language religious books produced for Catholics in western Belarus (i.e. Grodno Diocese) have been published in the newly-devised Polish Cyrillic, which is largely based on the Russian form of this alphabet. [3]

The Lord's Prayer

In Polish Cyrillic:

Ойчэ наш, ктурысь ест в небе, сьвенць се Име Твое, пшыйдзь Крулество Твое, боньдзь воля Твоя, яко в небе так и на земи. Хлеба нашэго повшэднего дай нам дзисяй. И одпусьць нам нашэ вины, яко и мы одпушчамы нашым виновайцом. И не вудзь нас на покушэне, але нас збав одэ злэго. Амэн. [4]

In the Polish Latin alphabet:

Ojcze nasz, któryś jest w niebie, święć się Imię Twoje, przyjdź Królestwo Twoje, bądź wola Twoja, jako w niebie tak i na ziemi. Chleba naszego powszedniego daj nam dzisiaj. I odpuść nam nasze winy, jako i my odpuszczamy naszym winowajcom. I nie wódź nas na pokuszenie, ale nas zbaw ode złego. Amen.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Belarusian language</span> East Slavic language

Belarusian is an East Slavic language. It is one of the two official languages in Belarus, alongside Russian. Additionally, it is spoken in some parts of Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, and Ukraine by Belarusian minorities in those countries.

Abaza is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken by Abazins in Russia. The language has gone through several different orthographies based primarily on Latin and Cyrillic letters. Its consonant-to-vowel ratio is remarkably high; making it quite similar to many other languages from the same parent chain. The language evolved in popularity in the mid to late 1800s, but has become an endangered language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Novogrudok</span> Town in Grodno Region, Belarus

Novogrudok or Navahrudak is a town in Grodno Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative center of Novogrudok District. As of 2023, it has a population of 28,021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Early Cyrillic alphabet</span> Writing system developed in 9th century Bulgaria

The Early Cyrillic alphabet, also called classical Cyrillic or paleo-Cyrillic, is a writing system that was developed in Medieval Bulgaria in the Preslav Literary School during the late 9th century. The modern Cyrillic script is used for some Slavic languages, and for East European and Asian languages that have experienced a great amount of Russian cultural influence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyrillization</span> Transcription of languages into Cyrillic script

Cyrillization or Cyrillisation is the process of rendering words of a language that normally uses a writing system other than Cyrillic script into the Cyrillic alphabet. Although such a process has often been carried out in an ad hoc fashion, the term "cyrillization" usually refers to a consistent system applied, for example, to transcribe names of German, Chinese, or English people and places for use in Russian, Ukrainian, Serbian, Macedonian or Bulgarian newspapers and books. Cyrillization is analogous to romanization, when words from a non-Latin script-using language are rendered in the Latin alphabet for use

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Belarusian Latin alphabet</span> Latin alphabet for writing the Belarusian language

The Belarusian Latin alphabet or Łacinka for the Latin script in general is the common name for writing Belarusian using Latin script. It is similar to the Sorbian alphabet and incorporates features of the Polish and Czech alphabets. Today, Belarusian most commonly uses the Cyrillic alphabet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalmyk Oirat</span> Oirat register spoken in Kalmykia, Russia

Kalmyk Oirat, commonly known as the Kalmyk language, is a variety of the Oirat language, natively spoken by the Kalmyk people of Kalmykia, a federal subject of Russia. In Russia, it is the standard form of the Oirat language, which belongs to the Mongolic language family. The Kalmyk people of the Northwest Caspian Sea of Russia claim descent from the Oirats from Eurasia, who have also historically settled in Mongolia and Northwest China. According to UNESCO, the language is "Definitely endangered". According to the Russian census of 2010, there are 80,500 speakers of an ethnic population consisting of 183,000 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bulgarian alphabet</span> Writing system of the Bulgarian language

The Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet is used to write the Bulgarian language. The Cyrillic alphabet was originally developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 9th – 10th century AD at the Preslav Literary School.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yery</span> Cyrillic letter ⟨ы⟩

Yeru or Eru, usually called Y in modern Russian or Yery or Ery historically and in modern Church Slavonic, is a letter in the Cyrillic script. It represents the close central unrounded vowel after non-palatalised (hard) consonants in the Belarusian and Russian alphabets, and after any consonant in most of Rusyn standards, where it represents the unrounded close-mid back unrounded vowel sound.

Shor is a Turkic language spoken by about 2,800 people in a region called Mountain Shoriya, in the Kemerovo Province in Southwest Siberia, although the entire Shor population in this area is over 12000 people. Presently, not all ethnic Shors speak Shor and the language suffered a decline from the late 1930s to the early 1980s. During this period the Shor language was neither written nor taught in schools. However, since the 1980s and 1990s there has been a Shor language revival. The language is now taught at the Novokuznetsk branch of the Kemerovo State University.

The Russian Latin alphabet is the common name for various variants of writing the Russian language by means of the Latin alphabet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yakut scripts</span> Scripts used to write the Yakut language

There are 4 stages in the history of Yakut writing systems:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Latinisation in the Soviet Union</span> 1920s–1930s campaign to develop Latin alphabets for the languages of the Soviet Union

In the Soviet Union, latinisation or latinization was the name of the campaign during the 1920s and 1930s which aimed to replace traditional writing systems for all languages of the Soviet Union with systems that would use the Latin script or to create Latin-script-based systems for languages that, at the time, did not have a writing system.

The cyrillization of Chinese is the transcription of Chinese characters into the Cyrillic alphabet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Belarusian literature</span> Literature written in the Belarusian language

Belarusian literature is the writing produced, both prose and poetry, by speakers of the Belarusian language.

ChuvashTet, is the name Chuvash-speaking internet users commonly use for the segment of the web about Chuvash people or Chuvashia. It includes websites in various languages.

Latin-script German words are transcribed into Cyrillic-script languages according to rules based on pronunciation. Because German orthography is largely phonemic, transcription into Cyrillic follows relatively simple rules.

The Komi language, a Uralic language spoken in the north-eastern part of European Russia, has been written in several different alphabets. Currently, Komi writing uses letters from the Cyrillic script. There have been five distinct stages in the history of Komi writing:

Since its inception in the 18th century and up to the present, it is based on the Cyrillic alphabet to write the Udmurt language. Attempts were also made to use the Latin alphabet to write the Udmurt language. In its modern form, the Udmurt alphabet was approved in 1937.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from</span> Phrase spoken by Alexander Lukashenko

"And now I will show you, where they were preparing the attack on Belarus from" is a phrase widely spread on Russophone internet communities said by Alexander Lukashenko, which attempts to justify Russia's invasion of Ukraine in regards to Belarus. The phrase subsequently became very popular in many countries of the former Soviet Union and started being used as a meme in various videos from mid-March 2022.

References

  1. cf А. Ф. Гильфердинга.1871. "Общеславянская азбука с приложением образцов славянских наречий". Санкт-Петербург.
  2. "А. 3. Скрипниченко and Н. К. Тарасюк. Инструкция по русской передаче географических названий Польши. Moscow: Nauka" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  3. "The New Polish Cyrillic in Independent Belarus". Tomasz Kamusella.Colloquia Humanistica. 2019. Vol 8. (pp 79–112).
  4. p 3 in: Крыштопік, Тадэвуш / Kryshtopik, Tadevush [=Krysztopik, Tadeusz]. 2015. Pacierz. Katechizm' [Prayers. Catechism] (4th edition). Гродно Hrodno [=Hrodna]: Гродзенская дыяцэзія Рымска-каталіцкага Касцёла ў Рэспубліцы Беларусь Hrodzienskaja dyjacezija Rymska-katalickaha Kascioła ŭ Respublicy Biełaruś. ISBN   9789856940760.