Cyrillization of Polish

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The Cyrillization of Polish has been practised in many forms and began in the mid-19th century in the Russian Empire. Between 1772 and 1815, the Russian Empire seized about four-fifths of Poland-Lithuania, where Polish was the leading official language. Polish remained the official language of the incorporated Polish-Lithuanian territories until the late 1830s. Later, it was fully replaced with Russian in the mid-1860s. A middle stage for the transition was the use of the Russian-style Cyrillic for writing Polish. [1]

Contents

Polish Cyrillic used in the 1860s

Source: [2]

А а
A a
Б б
B b
В в
W w
Г г
G g
Д д
D d
Е е
Ie ie
Ё ё
Io io
Ж ж
Ż ż
З з
Z z
И и
I i
I i
I i
К к
K k
Л л
L l
М м
M m
Н н
N n
О о
O o
О̂ о̂
Ó ó
П п
P p
Р р
R r
Р̌ р̌
Rz rz
С с
S s
Т т
T t
У у
U u
Ф ф
F f
Х х
Ch ch
Х̾ х̾
H h
Ц ц
C c
Ч ч
Cz cz
Ш ш
Sz sz
Щ щ
Szcz szcz
Ъ ъ
-
Ы ы
Y y
Ь ь
-
Э э
E e
Ю ю
Iu iu
Ю̂ ю̂
Ió ió
Я я
Ia ia
Й й
J j
А̨ а̨
Ą ą
Я̨ я̨
Ią ią
Э̨ э̨
Ę ę
Е̨ е̨
Ię ię

Example of text: [3]

Cyrillic scriptLatin script

Поврôтъ Таты, пp̌езъ А. Мицкевича

«Пôйдзьце, о дзятки, пôйдзьце вшистке разэмъ
За място, подъ слупъ на взгôрэкъ,
Тамъ пp̌едъ цудовнымъ клęкнийце образэмъ,
Побожне змôвце пацю̂рэкъ.

Тато не враца; ранки и вечоры
Вэ Лзахъ го чекамъ и трводзэ;
Розлялы p̌еки, пэлнэ звеp̌а боры,
И пэлно збôйцôвъ на дродзэ».

Слышąцъ то дзятки бегнą вшистке разэмъ
За място, подъ слупъ на взгôрэкъ,
Тамъ пp̌едъ цудовнымъ клęкая̨ образемъ,
И зачиная̨ пацю̂рэкъ.

Цалуя̨ земę, потэмъ: «Въ имę Ойца,
Сына и Духа свęтэго,
Бąдзь похвалёна пp̌енайсьвęтша Трôйца
Тэразъ и часу вшелькего»…

Powrót Taty, przez A. Mickiewicza

«Pójdźcie, o dziatki, pójdźcie wszystkie razem
Za miasto, pod słup na wzgórek,
Tam przed cudownym klęknijcie obrazem,
Pobożnie zmówcie paciórek.

Tato nie wraca; ranki i wieczory
We łzach go czekam i trwodze;
Rozlały rzeki, pełne zwierza bory,
I pełno zbójców na drodze».

Słysząc to dziatki biegą wszystkie razem,
Za miasto, pod słup na wzgórek,
Tam przed cudownym klękają obrazem
I zaczynają paciórek.

Całują ziemię, potem: «W imię Ojca,
Syna i Ducha świętego,
Bądź pochwalona, przenajświętsza Trójca,
Teraz i czasu wszelkiego»…

Modern Cyrilisations of Polish

Russian cyrillic

The system of the Cyrillization of Polish proper names, as employed in today's Russia, emerged during the 1970s in the post-war Soviet Union. It is a form of orthographic transcription. [4]

Another form of Russian-based polish cyrilic has been in use since the early 1990s, in Polish-language religious books produced for Catholics in western Belarus (i.e. Grodno Diocese). [5]

The Lord's prayer:

Ойче наш, ктурысь ест в небе, свенць сен Имен Твое, пшийдзь Крулество Твое, бондзь воля Твоя, яко в небе так и на земи. Хлеба нашего повшеднего дай нам дзисяй. И одпусць нам наше вины, яко и мы одпущамы нашим виновайцом. И не вудзь нас на покушене, але нас збав оде злего. Амен.

The Lord's prayer (Grodno variant):

Ойчэ наш, ктурысь ест в небе, сьвенць се Име Твое, пшыйдзь Крулество Твое, боньдзь воля Твоя, яко в небе так и на земи. Хлеба нашэго повшэднего дай нам дзисяй. И одпусьць нам нашэ вины, яко и мы одпушчамы нашым виновайцом. И не вудзь нас на покушэне, але нас збав одэ злэго. Амэн. [6]

Ukrainian Cyrillic

Ukrainian cyrillic is mostly the same as Russian, except that и and ы are represented by і and и respectively. є is only used for je.

The Lord's prayer:

Ойче наш, ктурись єст в небе, свенць сен Имен Твоє, пшийдзь Крулество Твоє, бондзь воля Твоя, яко в небе так і на земі. Хлеба нашего повшеднего дай нам дзісяй. І одпусць нам наше віни, яко і ми одпущами нашим віновайцом. І не вудзь нас на покушене, але нас збав оде злего. Амен.

Serbian Cyrillic

I and Y are both represented by И. L and ł are both represented by Л. Ó, despite being pronounced as U, is represented by О. Ś and Ź are mostly represented by С and З, although Ш and Ж are rarely used.

The Lord's prayer:

Ојче наш, кторис јест в њебјесех, свјенћ сен имјен твоје; пжијџ крулество твоје, бонџ вола твоја, јако в њебје так и на земи. Хлеба нашего повшедњего дај нам ђисај, и одпусћ нам наше вини, јако и ми одпушчами нашим виновајцом. И ње воџ нас в покушење, але нас збав оде злего. Амен.

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References

  1. cf А. Ф. Гильфердинга.1871. "Общеславянская азбука с приложением образцов славянских наречий". Санкт-Петербург.
  2. "Элементаръ для дзеци вейскихъ. СПб., 1865". 1865. Archived from the original on 2021-11-10. Retrieved 2016-02-22.
  3. Źródło: Historia 2. Czasy nowożytne. Zakres podstawowy, Bogumiła Burda i inni, OPERON, 2003, zdjęcie na str. 337.
  4. "А. 3. Скрипниченко and Н. К. Тарасюк. Инструкция по русской передаче географических названий Польши. Moscow: Nauka" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  5. "The New Polish Cyrillic in Independent Belarus". Tomasz Kamusella.Colloquia Humanistica. 2019. Vol 8. (pp 79–112).
  6. p 3 in: Крыштопік, Тадэвуш / Kryshtopik, Tadevush [=Krysztopik, Tadeusz]. 2015. Pacierz. Katechizm' [Prayers. Catechism] (4th edition). Гродно Hrodno [=Hrodna]: Гродзенская дыяцэзія Рымска-каталіцкага Касцёла ў Рэспубліцы Беларусь Hrodzienskaja dyjacezija Rymska-katalickaha Kascioła ŭ Respublicy Biełaruś. ISBN   9789856940760.