Danionella

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Danionella
Danionella priapus (cropped).jpg
Danionella priapus
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Danionidae
Subfamily: Danioninae
Genus: Danionella
T. R. Roberts, 1986
Type species
Danionella translucida
T. R. Roberts, 1986
Species

See text

Danionella is a genus of danionin fish found in freshwater habitats in Myanmar and West Bengal, India. It includes some of the smallest fishes.

Contents

Distribution

Four out of Five Described species of Danionella are found in Myanmar. D. translucida is described from the Ayeyarwady River basin, and D. mirifica was described from the Kamaing area in upper Myanmar. [1] Danionella priapus is endemic to India. [2]

Description

When first described, Danionella translucida was the smallest ostariophysan and the smallest adult vertebrate to inhabit fresh water. [3] Its adult size ranges from 10–12 millimetres (.43–.47 in) SL. [3] D. mirifica gets slightly larger, at about 14 mm (.55 in) SL, but is still one of the smallest freshwater fishes. [1] [4]

Danionella species lack scales and barbels, [3] but possess a lateral line. [5]

D. mirifica has a single row of melanophores between the pelvic fins and the tips of the cleithra, and there is a lack of melanophores on the underside of the abdomen. [1]

D. dracula reaches 17 mm in length. It is neotonous, lacking 44 bones that develop late in the related zebrafish Danio rerio. They have teeth made of bone, rather than the true teeth of other fishes, and the males have a pair of boney fangs which may be used during male-male competitions over nesting sites. Britz et al. believe the lineage lost true teeth about 50 Ma. [6]

Species

SpeciesCommon NameImage
Danionella cerebrum Britz, Conway & Rüber, 2021 Danionella cerebrum (cropped).jpg
Danionella dracula Britz, Conway & Rüber, 2009Dracula fish
Danionella mirifica Britz, 2003
Danionella priapus Britz, 2009 Danionella priapus (cropped).jpg
Danionella translucida T. R. Roberts, 1986 Danionella translucida bolton aquarium.JPG

References

  1. 1 2 3 Britz, Ralf (October 2003). "Danionella mirifica, a new species of miniature fish from Upper Myanmar (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae)" (PDF). Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters. 14 (3): 217–222. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  2. ↑ Britz, Ralf (October 2009). "Danionella Priapus, a New Species of Miniature Cyprinid Fish from West Bengal, India (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)".
  3. 1 2 3 Roberts, Tyson R. (1986). "Danionella translucida, a new genus and species of cyprinid fish from Burma, one of the smallest living vertebrates". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 16 (4): 231–241. doi:10.1007/BF00842977.
  4. ↑ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Danionella mirifica". FishBase . August 2011 version.
  5. ↑ Hu, Yinan; Mauri, Angela; Donahue, Joan; Singh, Rajendra; Acosta, Benjamin; McMenamin, Sarah (2019). "Thyroid hormone coordinates developmental trajectories but does not underlie developmental truncation in danionins". Developmental Dynamics. 248 (11): 1144–1154. doi:10.1002/dvdy.76. ISSN   1097-0177. PMC   6824966 . PMID   31228301.
  6. ↑ Ralf Britz et al.,Royal Society's journal Proceedings B, March 2009
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