| Diplogastridae Temporal range: | |
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Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Nematoda |
| Class: | Chromadorea |
| Order: | Rhabditida |
| Infraorder: | Diplogasteromorpha |
| Superfamily: | Diplogasteroidea |
| Family: | Diplogastridae Micoletzky 1922 |
| Genera | |
See text | |
| Synonyms | |
Diplogastridae, formerly Diplogasteridae, are a family of nematodes (roundworms) known from a wide range of habitats, often in commensal or parasitic associations with insects. [1]
Diplogastrid nematodes are characterized by a distinct "two-lobed" pharynx (hence their name from the Greek διπλόος = "double" and γαστήρ = "stomach"), the second (posterior) lobe being composed mostly of glandular tissue. Most known species also have at least one tooth, which has presumably allowed them to access many new food sources compared with the related nematodes of Rhabditidae (including Caenorhabditis elegans ), most species of which feed on bacteria. Several diplogastrid species also have a polyphenism in their mouthparts, allowing resource specialization within species. The wide array of feeding modes in the Diplogastridae is reflected by the relatively high diversity and complexity of their mouth structures, which show accelerated rates of evolution in comparison with the Rhabditidae. [2]
While Sudhaus and Lieven [3] sunk many generic names in their lumping approach of a revision, the Hungarian nematologist Istvan Andrassy was a "splitter", erecting and re-erecting many nematode taxa. [4] The truth might be somewhere in between, as the approaches by Ragsdale and others have shown in recent years. [5]
Among the Diplogastridae is the nematode Pristionchus pacificus , a model organism for comparative developmental biology.
Androdioecy is a reproductive system characterized by the coexistence of males and hermaphrodites. Androdioecy is rare in comparison with the other major reproductive systems: dioecy, gynodioecy and hermaphroditism. In animals, androdioecy has been considered a stepping stone in the transition from dioecy to hermaphroditism, and vice versa.
Diplogasterida was an order of nematodes. It was sometimes placed in a monotypic subclass Diplogasteria, but molecular phylogenetic evidence has shown it to be embedded in the family Rhabditidae. The confusion of having a hierarchical nesting of groups that were formerly mutually exclusive has led to a profusion of names. Although completely revised taxonomy of nematodes that builds on recent classification systems as well as recent phylogenetic evidence is still necessary, most contemporary taxonomic studies now treat all groups listed under "Diplogasterina" below as a single family, Diplogastridae.
The nematodes, roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda. They are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broad range of environments. Most species are free-living, feeding on microorganisms, but many species are parasitic. The parasitic worms (helminths) are the cause of soil-transmitted helminthiases.
The Rhabditidae are a family of nematodes which includes the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans.
Qudsia Tahseen is a Professor of Zoology at Aligarh Muslim University and teaches Animal Ecology as well as Nematology to the students of the Masters programme. Her areas of research include taxonomy and developmental biology of terrestrial and aquatic nematodes. Her thrust areas are Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Ecology and developmental biology of soil and fresh water nematodes. She is a fellow of two national science academies of India.
Micoletzkya is a genus of predatory bark-beetle-associated nematodes in the family Diplogastridae. The genus was named for the Austrian nematologist Heinrich Micoletzky. As of 2013 it consists of 25 described species.
Pristionchus is a genus of nematodes (roundworms) in the family Diplogastridae that currently includes more than 50 described species. They are known mainly as non-parasitic associates of insects, especially beetles, while others have been reported from soil, organic matter, or rotting wood. The genus includes P. pacificus, a satellite model organism to the well-studied nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
Pristionchus pacificus is a species of free-living nematodes (roundworms) in the family Diplogastridae. The species has been established as a satellite model organism to Caenorhabditis elegans, with which it shared a common ancestor 200–300 million years ago. The genome of P. pacificus has been fully sequenced, which in combination with other tools for genetic analysis make this species a tractable model in the laboratory, especially for studies of developmental biology.
Pristionchus maxplancki is a species of diplogastrid nematodes (roundworms).
Sudhausia is a genus of nematodes (roundworms) of the family Diplogastridae. They live in association with dung beetles and are primarily known from Africa. Species of Sudhausia show a suite of biological features that, together, are unusual for nematodes and animals in general: hermaphrodites, which are females in form, mature to produce offspring before they are adults and thus even capable of mating, and their eggs grow in size during development. Hermaphrodites are also always live-bearing, which is unusual for nematodes under non-stressful conditions. The genus is named in honor of Walter Sudhaus, a German nematologist.
Levipalatum texanum is a free-living nematode (roundworm) in the family Diplogastridae. The species is androdioecious, consisting of self-fertile hermaphrodites which are morphologically females, and males. It is known from the south-eastern United States and has been found to live in association with scarab beetles, although it has also been baited from soil. Nematodes of this species can be cultured on bacterium Escherichia coli in the laboratory, and they are presumed to also feed on microorganisms in the wild. Levipalatum is a monotypic genus.
Pristionchus borbonicus is a species of free-living nematodes (roundworms) in the family Diplogastridae. The species was described from Réunion Island, and is notable for developing one of five different mouth forms depending on available food sources. Pristionchus borbonicus and related species have symbiotic relationships with fig plants and their pollinator wasps.
Caenorhabditis monodelphis is a species of nematodes in the genus Caenorhabditis. It was first collected by J. Raschka in Berlin, Germany in 2001. A second isolate was collected from Norway. It is a free-living species found in galleries inside of the fungus Ganoderma applanatum (Polyporaceae) which grew on the stump of a tree a few centimeters above ground. It is phoretic on beetles of the species Cis castaneus.
Oscheius is a genus of nematode.
Oscheius tipulae is a species of nematodes, described in association of the leatherjacket, the larva of Tipula paludosa.
Myolaimidae is a family of nematodes in the order Rhabditida. It consists of two genera, Myolaimus and Deleyia.
Allodiplogaster sudhausi is a free-living nematode species in the Diplogastridae family. It was described in 2008 as Koerneria sudhausi, before being moved to the genus Allodiplogaster in 2014. A. sudhausi is omnivorous. It predates on other nematodes, but can be cultured on Escherichia coli OP50 bacterium on agar.
Allodiplogaster is a genus of nematodes (roundworms) in the family Diplogastridae that currently includes about 35 described species.
István Andrássy was a Hungarian nematologist. Starting with his first publication in 1952 on the nematode fauna of Mount Bükk, over his dissertation in 1973 on the evolution of nematodes to his last days he was a very prolific scientist, publishing more than 200 manuscripts, chapters and books on the class of Nematoda. He described 530 taxa of nematodes and at least 60 nematode taxa are named after him, which shows the huge respect he had in the nematologists world.
Mononchoides is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Diplogastridae.
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